区域性阴极保护在集输站场中的应用

结合区域性阴极保护技术在集输站场中的应用,介绍了区域性阴极保护的技术特点、方案设计及运行调试方法,提出了区域阴极保护技术实施中需要关注的问题,对于站场区域阴极保护技术的应用具有借鉴作用。     

油气站场埋地管网腐蚀控制技术

介绍了国内外站场管道的腐蚀情况,并分别从防腐层、区域性阴极保护、在线监/检测角度进一步对比分析了国内外油气站场埋地管道的腐蚀控制情况;从防腐层和阴极保护两方面总结了站场埋地管道腐蚀的主要原因,制订了相应的腐蚀控制对策;并根据国内站场腐蚀的具体情况,从表面处理、防腐材料性能指标、防腐层结构和防腐等级设计几方面对优化站场管道防腐层提出了相应的建议.     

油气站场管道腐蚀检测方法及节点控制

通过引进先进的超声导波检测技术和借鉴现有标准的做法,提出了针对站场管道腐蚀缺陷、外防腐层、区域阴极保护、土壤腐蚀性、杂散电流干扰的综合检测与评价方法,建立了输油气站场管道的腐蚀检测方法体系,明确了油气站场管道腐蚀检测中的关键节点.现场应用表明：该方法体系能够帮助检测人员实现对站场管道的非开挖或局部开挖检测,帮助管理者及时掌握站场管道的腐蚀状况.     

输油站场管道腐蚀调查与分析

输油气站场管道敷设复杂,且多数没有实施区域性阴极保护,存在腐蚀风险。选择输油气站场典型腐蚀调查点,通过外观检查、厚度测试、漏点检测、粘结力测试及缺陷点活性评价,对某输油站场防腐层、保温层性能及管道腐蚀情况进行调查。结果表明：生产区管道防腐层失效严重,管体腐蚀,最大腐蚀坑深2.18 mm;立管出入土界面也存在腐蚀。文中分析了腐蚀原因,给出了站场维护维修建议。     

管道阴极保护的探讨

管道阴极保护是国际上公认的防蚀技术 ,防蚀效果特别显著。但在实施阴极保护的过程中 ,由于设计或施工人员对一些具体问题、特殊问题考虑不够全面 ,影响了阴极保护的防蚀效果。就管道阴极保护应注意的几个问题做了探讨 ,提出了解决问题的具体措施     

城市埋地旧管线阴极保护改造的技术实施

通过试验研究和工程实践，提出了一套适用于埋地旧管线增施阴极保护的技术。联合采用变频选频法、包覆试验和馈电试验，结合对 旧管道的涂层状况和钢管状况进行检测和评估，综合性地确定所需保护电流密度和阴极保护设计。对城市埋地旧管线实施阴极保护改造 后些工程实践证明，这些方法和技术是有效的和可行的。本文对阴极保护工程实践中的几个关键技术进行了讨论，并丙次提出电绝缘是埋地旧管线实施阴极保护改造的必要条件之一，应     

城市地下管线阴极保护工程的应用实践与发展

本文简要介绍了国内外对城市地下管线实施阴极保护工程的一些现状、经验、存在的问题和发展趋势。明确提出了对城市地下管线实施涂层加阴极保护的必要性。呼吁尽早实施国家立法、企业立法。应要求新建项目地下管线可制订规划，分期分批实施阴极保护补充改造工程。阴极保护工程的质量控制是影响防腐蚀效能的重要环节。阴极保护系统运行期的良好日常管理维护，可以显著提高效能，延长服役寿命。在阴极保护工程技术中尚存在许多现代技术     

电流法在站场阴极保护绝缘故障排查中的应用

输油气站场管道及接地系统较多,采用电流环或者钳型电流表等电流测量设备,可以精确测量管道或者接地扁钢的电流大小及方向,结合开挖验证,从而查找出站场阴极保护的绝缘故障位置。应用实例表明:采用电流环或钳型电流表等电流测量设备可以查找出站场阴极保护绝缘故障的位置;某输气站场的阴极保护绝缘故障的原因是站场内的干线管道1101截断阀底部的吊耳与接地扁钢搭接,导致电流导通。     

柔性阳极的阴极保护技术在我国管线上的应用

介绍了柔性阳极保护的基础知识；指出了阴极保护技术在我国的基本应用情况及存在的问题。通过对国外柔性阴极的阴极保护技术应用情况的介绍，结合我国管线目前所处的环境和实际情况，提出了柔性阳极的阴极保护在我国管线及重要的罐场等区域的应用前景。为促使该新技术在我国管线上更好地发挥作用，提出了柔性阳极材料应用统一的验收标准等建议。     

天然气输气站场的风险评价技术研究

天然气输气站场的风险管理技术研究是风险管理中的一个崭新的领域.以风险理论和风险评价模型为基础,结合国内天然气输气站场设计、施工、运行时的工况,遵循国内站场技术标准和安全规范,建立了输气站场的风险管理模型,从9个部分对输气站场进行评价,提出站场风险标准及可接受性准则,给出风险控制的建议.     

Analysis of factors affecting the choice of route of pedestrians

Pedestrians as compared to vehicular traffic enjoy a high degree freedom of movement even in heavily congested areas. Consequently, there are more alternative links available to pedestrians between a given origin‐destination (O‐D) pair. This paper describes a study done by the University of Calgary to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of route on intra‐CBD trips or trips within the Central Business District (CBD).

An origin destination survey conducted in downtown Calgary, Alberta enabled the identification of the most significant factors influencing the choice. These factors were analyzed in relation to the physical characteristics of the location, personal characteristics of the trip maker and the type of the trip.

It appears that most people chose the shortest link and factors such as the level of congestion, safety or visual attractions were only secondary. This suggests that the length should be made a major consideration when planning and designing pedestrian links.     

注汽管道承压能力评估和实物试验验证

基于失效评估图技术对某注汽管道进行了承压能力评价,给出了管线在不同腐蚀壁厚情况下的极限承压能力和极限裂纹尺寸。并利用实物爆破试验验证了评价方法的安全性和有效性,通过对爆破断口进行宏观和微观分析,发现管段的开裂属于脆性开裂。     

实现多组态计量软件集中监控的可行性分析

天然气自动计量系统有多种组态软件,由于软件的不相通性,造成了计量系统数据采集的通用性差、数据传输与入库的时效性差、数据利用的可靠性低.结合各组态软件的实际情况,从设计上充分利用Oracle大数据处理能力以及Partition(分区表)的特性,实现历史数据的存储,应用WebService与COM+数据访问组件提供多层数据访问架构,采用OPC与DDE工业数据交换协议,实现了各站场计量数据的实时上传,为连续数据采集和实时监控提供了可能,节约了改造成本.     

Non-parametric analyses of efficiency of airports

This paper estimates the efficiencies and productivity changes of 12 international airports in the Asia-Pacific region based on data from 1998 to 2006. We apply stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to compute efficiency estimates and use the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to analyze productivity changes. We use the SFA model with a translog-type production function after testing the statistical hypotheses. According to the results of the SFA hypothesis tests, airports have experienced a technological regression; the deviations from the efficiency frontier are caused more by technical inefficiency than random noise. However, the inefficiency was found to decrease. The MPI reveals a declining trend resulting more from technological change than from efficiency change, with a decrease in inefficiency. Taken together, both the hypothesis tests and the MPI not only provide consistent conclusions, but also suggest that airports should concentrate on technological progress.     

波纹管应力分析研究进展

评述了波纹管应力理论研究方法的进展情况，围绕解析法、工程近似法和数值法，对波纹管理论研究中的一些主要成果作了较详细的回顾和总结，对各种研究方法作出了评价，展望了亟待解决的一些问题。     

城市轨道交通杂散电流监测系统概述

介绍了城市轨道交通工程中杂散电流不同的监测系统的构成,分析了集中式、分散式和智能型等监测系统的配置和功能,以及智能型实时在线监测系统的重要意义,为轨道交通工程杂散电流监测系统的选择与应用提供参考。     

埋地管道防腐保温层失效评价

明确埋地管道防腐保温层的技术评价标准,对埋地钢质管道的安全运行,延长管道使用寿命具有重要意义。为了对埋地管道防腐保温层做出有效评价,从间接检测与开挖检测2个方面,结合现场检测数据,提出了基于防腐保温层的电流衰减率、绝缘电阻率、质量状况与厚度的分级评价标准及基于4种评价指标的综合评判方法。工程实践表明,该评价标准对防腐保温层是否存在失效能做出有效判断。     

Preliminary results of an analysis of areas of influence in Shanghai

The main deficiency of most current modeling approaches to transportation can be identified as neglect of the integration of existing geographical knowledge in regard to the ex ante transport/land use modeling approaches, with its focus on territorial dynamics and theory development. This paper addresses this aspect of the problem by introducing a theoretical and methodological framework for the analysis of the interrelationship between land uses. The analysis attempts to determine to what extent the functional land use in a city can be considered an ordered pattern. The order sought does not rely on purely spatial configurations, but on the correlation of transportation and land use. The first section of this paper focuses on theoretical considerations. It stresses the fact that conventional approaches do not apply in the present context. It then suggests an alternative based on areas of influence and measured in terms of level of attractance of land uses. The second describes a procedure based on this alternative following the remarkable contribution of Hanjoul, Beguin and Thill. An application of this procedure to the analysis of Shanghai is then examined. Finally, an evaluation of the strategies for optimizing the interrelationship between land uses is presented. The paper concludes with a possible research agenda.     

输油管道中原油乳状液的流变性研究

原油乳状液的流变性是原油开采后在管道中输送的重要研究方面,为了更好地研究这一性质,采用电动搅拌机、偏光显微镜以及流变仪等仪器来测定不同含水率的原油乳状液在不同条件下的黏度,观测不同含水率的原油乳状液在偏光显微镜下的形态。并且分别对原油乳状液的黏度与含水率之间的关系以及与剪切速率之间的关系进行研究,初步确定了所测区块原油乳状液的转相点以及该区块原油乳状液的流变特性,为生产中的油气集输提供了理论依据。     

Direct analysis of the perceived importance of attributes of reliability of travel modes in urban travel

Reliability of travel modes was found to be the most important characteristic of transportation systems in several attitudinal investigations of individual travel behavior. This paper represents the first part of a research effort aimed at gaining a better understanding of the characteristics of reliability of transportation modes in urban travel. In this research, reliability characteristics are identified; their importance relative to each other is assessed, and an insight into possible structure of an objective reliability index is discussed. The research is based on perceived values of reliability, which were identified through a large attitudinal survey conducted in the Chicago metropolitan area.