平台运动影响下张力腿涡激振动特性研究

张力腿涡激振动易引起系泊系统的疲劳损伤,危害张力腿平台的安全性和可靠性。该文借鉴细长立管涡激振动的相关研究,同时考虑张力腿与立管在截面尺度、预张力大小以及边界条件存在的巨大差距,采用切片理论结合CFD数值模拟方法,对平台运动影响下张力腿涡激振动开展了研究。考虑定常张力与时变张力对涡激振动的影响,采用GAMBIT软件分区建立了多切片计算网格,将编制求解涡激振动的UDF程序嵌入Fluent软件中,采用动网格技术实现流场的更新并计算作用于张力腿上的瞬时升力和拖曳力。文中还比较了仅考虑流和考虑浪、流联合作用张力腿的时变张力影响,研究了两种典型波高共计六种工况,计算结果表明：随着流速的增加,各模态权重比例将发生跳转现象;尽管由于平台运动导致张力腿受力的随机性,但平台运动对张力腿涡激振动影响较小。     

平台运动影响下张力腿涡激振动特性研究（英文）

张力腿涡激振动易引起系泊系统的疲劳损伤,危害张力腿平台的安全性和可靠性。该文借鉴细长立管涡激振动的相关研究,同时考虑张力腿与立管在截面尺度、预张力大小以及边界条件存在的巨大差距,采用切片理论结合CFD数值模拟方法,对平台运动影响下张力腿涡激振动开展了研究。考虑定常张力与时变张力对涡激振动的影响,采用GAMBIT软件分区建立了多切片计算网格,将编制求解涡激振动的UDF程序嵌入Fluent软件中,采用动网格技术实现流场的更新并计算作用于张力腿上的瞬时升力和拖曳力。文中还比较了仅考虑流和考虑浪、流联合作用张力腿的时变张力影响,研究了两种典型波高共计六种工况,计算结果表明:随着流速的增加,各模态权重比例将发生跳转现象;尽管由于平台运动导致张力腿受力的随机性,但平台运动对张力腿涡激振动影响较小。     

张力腿平台涡激非线性振动稳定性研究

本文研究海洋张力腿平台的张力腿由于涡激产生的非线性振动的稳定性。其数学模型既考虑由平台升沉运动而产生的中心激振,又计及流体平方阻尼力作用。文中着重研究当涡激频率与结构的第一固有频率相接近时,张力腿产生不稳定运动的可能性以及稳定解的特性,考查分叉及浑沌是否发生。     

海上浮式风机张力腿平台的水动力响应

以美国某可再生能源所的海上5 MV风机为模型,结合风机塔柱的特点,利用Orca Flex建立了一种海上风机张力腿平台简化模型。通过时域耦合计算方法和傅里叶变换,得到了该系统的动力学响应,对比并分析了在考虑涡激振动和不考虑涡激振动时各个张力腿的动力学变化和平台的水动力响应。     

平台运动对张力腿非线性涡激振动的影响

把张力腿简化成线性的欧拉-伯努力梁模型，研究了在波浪海流及浮体共同作用下，张力腿的横向非线性涡激振动，采用Galerkin法把非线性的偏微分方程转化为常微分方程，应用4阶龙格-库塔法进行数值求解。结果表明，平台的运动是影响张力腿横向涡激振动的一个重要因素。     

深水海洋平台张力腿涡激非线性振动响应研究

本文研究了深水张力腿平台的张力腿在不均匀流及波、流联合作用下由涡串激起的横向振动。在数学模型中既考虑由于平台的升沉运动而产生的中心激振,又计及流体平方阻尼力作用。文中采用多项Galerkin法和数值积分以及Runge-Kutta法进行数值解。以Conoco′s Hutton张力腿平台为例,计算了结构的动力响应。讨论了多项位移表达对动位移、动弯矩和切力的影响,以及升力系数、阻力系数和中心激振参数对响应的影响等。     

张力腿平台的水动力及结构力学问题

与固定式平台不同,张力腿平台(TLP)是一个浮式结构,具有六个运动自由度.TLP的动力响应按照频率范围可分成三种波频响应、低频响应和高频响应.由于这三种响应对TLP的整体性能均有重要影响,所以进行波浪载荷计算时都需考虑.TLP本体主要构件的构造形式与导管架式平台很不相同.TLP平台本体部分主要是由较大直径的,内壁附有很多纵、横桁材和加强筋的加筋圆柱及加筋板构成.这使TLP的结构分析方法与导管架式平台有较大区别.此外,TLP的张力腿是固定式平台所没有的关键构件,涡激振动是其中的主要问题,必须考虑.根据作者的了解,对上述问题进行了简要评述.     

海洋平台的涡激振动研究及其分析方法

海洋平台的张力腿、立管以及海底管线的疲劳问题的一个主要根源就是波流引起的涡激振动.本文对海洋结构的涡激振动的研究发展、现状以及目前存在的主要问题做了论述,并重点介绍了涡激振动的理论和工程分析方法.     

张力腿平台总强度分析关键技术研究

张力腿平台总强度分析是确定在危险工况及环境载荷下平台的结构性能,对平台服役期寿命、安全运行至关重要。文中针对张力腿平台独有的特点,深入研究了张力腿平台总强度计算载荷及工况、张力筋腱的模拟和腐蚀余量,以及安全系数的选取等关键技术;采用有限元法对某深水张力腿平台波浪载荷与总强度进行计算,根据应力结果确立了该类平台总强度主控工况、载荷传递路径与关键结构,同时结合该类平台特点分析设计波的确定以及考虑张力筋腱刚度影响的边界条件设置方法。     

深海立管涡激损伤的虚拟激励法计算

针对深海立管长细比非常大的结构特性,使用索模型单元计算结构的非线性刚度阵,并验证了模型的有效性;在立管离散点处的平面上考虑结构与流体的耦合作用,采用离散涡方法计算了立管二维模型在均匀海流下的涡激升力载荷,为随机振动分析提供载荷谱,用于构造虚拟激励。最终将立管的涡激振动看作平稳随机过程,采用随机振动理论中的虚拟激励法求解立管在涡激力激励下的响应。基于P-M准则,对响应进行计算得到立管的年损伤率,实现了深海立管的疲劳损伤预报。     

张力腿平台拉索的疲劳损伤

目前在分析张力腿平台(TLP)疲劳损伤时,通常限定平台只发生小位移,未考虑不利工况下平台发生有限位移的情况.在分析模型中考虑有限大位移后,会引入多种非线性因素,也会使TLP的动力响应明显不同于小位移情况,因此研究TLP有限位移下非线性波浪载荷引起的疲劳损伤十分重要.首先求得随机海浪作用下TLP拉索应力的时间历程曲线,并采用雨流法对其进行计数得到疲劳载荷谱;然后依据Miner累积损伤模型,求得TLP拉索在不利工况下的疲劳损伤;最后对ISSCTLP平台拉索在某海况下进行了疲劳损伤短期计算,并说明TLP拉索疲劳可靠度的计算方法.     

新概念张力腿平台水动力性能分析

张力腿平台对水深具有高度敏感性,随水深变化,垂直面内的运动受到显著影响。对于超深水情况,对张力筋腱的设计提出更高的要求。为了改善这一状况,提出了一种新概念张力腿平台设计方案——Tension Based Tension Leg Platform(TBLP),它可以成倍地增加TLP适用的水深范围。对于已经使用的中等水深下的传统型的TLP,通过增加张力基底,就可以将其使用于更深的海域。针对这一新型TBLP概念,对典型的传统型TLP和TBLP水动力性能进行了初步分析比较,得出TBLP优于常规设计的水动力性能。     

Hydroelastic code-to-code comparison for a tension leg spar-type floating wind turbine

The development of robust design tools for offshore wind turbines requires knowledge of both wave and wind load models and response analysis. Verification of the numerical codes is required by the use of experiments and code-to-code comparisons. This paper presents a hydroelastic code-to-code comparison between the HAWC2 and USFOS/vpOne codes for a tension leg spar (TLS) wind turbine with a single tether. This concept is hence based on the TLP and Spar concepts. The comparison is performed using coupled hydroelastic time domain simulations. Several aspects of modelling, such as wave simulation, hydrodynamic and structural modelling, are addressed for the TLS. Wave-induced motions of the support structure affect the power performance of a wind turbine. Furthermore, overload of the tension leg should be avoided. In this paper, the motion and tension responses are compared. The tension leg introduces nonlinear effects on the spar motion. These nonlinear effects include combined-frequency effect such as double, difference and sum of wave, as well as natural pitch and surge frequencies. Hydrodynamic loads are based on a combination of the Morison formula and the pressure integration method. A comparison indicates that the motion and tension responses obtained in the two codes are in good agreement.     

在南海环境条件下深水典型TLP的运动响应分析

以南海LW3-1气田为目标,完成了TLP的概念设计.为了验证TLP的运动性能,应用海洋工程专用软件SESAM,对TLP系统进行了时域耦合分析.分析所采用的环境参数为南海百年一遇和一年一遇环境参数.为了获得较为准确的结果,包括TLP、张力腿和立管在内的所有组成部分都进行了模拟.先用WADAM软件,进行频域分析,获得所需要的水动力参数,包括:运动响应幅算子、附加质量、势能阻尼、静回复力以及一阶和二阶激励力等.再用DeepC程序进行时域耦合分析,建立TLP系统模型以及环境模型计算,结果表明该TLP在南海环境条件下具有良好的运动性能,满足设计要求.     

Sea trials of Sigma wave energy converter – slacking and snapping of TLP mooring lines

Sigma Energy has performed its foremost prototype tests of scaled wave energy converter in a real sea environment. The prototype was a point absorber with a cylindrical buoy, a mechanical power take-off system with a counterweight, moored to the seabed as a tension leg platform (TLP) with three equal tendons. In these extensive experiments, numerous device characteristics were measured and analysed. The present paper focuses on the dynamic forces in the mooring lines, and some unexpected and rare data obtained. It is well known that TLP tendons are prone to a brief loss of tension (the slacking) and that, after such events, high snapping forces of short duration can arise. Partly by intention, and partly due to underestimation of the dynamical forces, several such slacking-snapping incidents were recorded during the experiments. In some severe storms, the snapping forces were up to six times higher than the tendon pretension. The paper presents several recordings of dynamic forces and platform motion during these critical events. It analysis them, and gives a typical scenario under which they occur. It gives also some theoretical explanations, and numerical predictions of dynamical tendon forces, with their comparison to the experimental results.     

Second-order perturbation added mass fluctuation on vertical vibration of tension leg platforms

Total motion in waves can be considered as a superposition of the motion of the body in still water and the forces on the restrained body. In this study the effect of added mass fluctuation on vertical vibration of tension leg platforms (TLP) in the case of vibration in still water for both free and forced vibration subjected to axial load at the top of the leg is presented. This effect is more important when the amplitude of vibration is large. Also this is important in fatigue life study of tethers. The structural model used here is very simple. Perturbation method is used to formulate and solve the problem. First- and second-order perturbations are used to solve the free and forced vibrations, respectively.     

新建半潜运输船在张力腿平台运输方面的应用研究(英文)

Transportation of tension leg platform(TLP) structures for a long distance has always been associated with the use of a heavy semi-transport vessel.The requirements of this type of vessel are always special,and their availability is limited.To prepare for the future development of South China Sea deepwater projects,the China Offshore Oil Engineering Corporation has recently built a heavy lift transport vessel-Hai Yang Shi You 278.This semi-submersible vessel has a displacement capacity of 50k DWT,and a breath of 42 meters.Understanding the vessel’s applicability and preparing it for use in future deepwater projects are becoming imminent needs.This paper reviews the current critical issues associated with TLP transportation and performs detailed analysis of the designed TLP during load-out and transportation.The newly built COOEC transportation vessel HYSY 278 was applied to dry transport of the TLP structure from the COOEC fabrication yard in Qingdao to an oil field in South China Sea.The entire process included the load-out of the TLP structure from the landsite of the fabrication yard,the offloading and float-on of the platform from the vessel,the dry transport of the TLP over a long distance,and the final offloading of the platform.Both hydrodynamic and structure analysis were performed to evaluate the behavior of the transport vessel and TLP structure.Special attention was paid to critical areas associated with the use of this new vessel,along with any potential limitations.The results demonstrate that HYSY 278 can effectively be used for transporting the structure with proper arrangement and well-prepared operation.The procedure and details were presented on the basis of the study results.Special attention was also given to discussion on future use based on the results from the analysis.     

Hydrodynamic comparison of a semi-submersible, TLP, and Spar: Numerical study in the South China Sea environment

The South China Sea contains tremendous oil and gas resources in deepwater areas. However, one of the keys for deepwater exploration, the investigation of deepwater floating platforms, is very inadequate. In this paper, the authors studied and compared the hydrodynamics and global motion behaviors of typical deepwater platforms in the South China Sea environment. The hydrodynamic models of three main types of floating platforms, e.g. the Semi-submersible, tension leg platform (TLP), and Truss Spar, which could potentially be utilized in the South China Sea, were established by using the 3-D potential theory. Additionally, some important considerations which significantly influence the hydrodynamics were given. The RAOs in frequency domains as well as global motions in time domains under time-varying wind, random waves, and current in 100-y, 10-y, and 1-y return period environment conditions were predicted, compared, and analyzed. The results indicate that the heave and especially the pitch motion of the TLP are favorable. The heave response of the Truss Spar is perfect and comparable with that of the TLP when the peak period of random waves is low. However, the pitch motion of Truss Spar is extraordinarily larger than that of Semi-submersible and TLP.     

基于改进子模型技术的TLP平台疲劳分析

研究适用于TLP平台的疲劳分析方法。首先建立TLP平台的整体结构模型,运用基于累积损伤理论的疲劳谱分析法,根据整体分析初步确定TLP平台疲劳关键节点位置,即疲劳敏感部位。然后建立疲劳敏感部位的中间模型与精细子模型,运用改进的子模型技术分析计算得到关键节点的热点应力,并根据疲劳谱分析法计算关键节点的疲劳寿命,并将之与传统子模型技术的计算结果比较。分析表明,改进的子模型技术比传统方法的应力计算结果更加精确,有利于得到更加真实的疲劳寿命计算结果。     

极端环境条件下TLP平台的应力校核(英文)

计算校核了某TLP平台垂向肘板在极端环境条件下的应力响应.该垂向肘板为TLP立柱与张力支撑系统(TSS)间的连接件,是TLP平台强度评估的关键部位.根据通用的业界标准,平台的环境载荷计算采用三维线性理论,结构分析使用有限元方法.应力数值计算与处理与实测应变片的位置和方向完全一致.平台在位监测的数据使用FFT技术进行了处理,得到了不同时段统计下各浪向的应力谱密度(RAO).数值计算与平台在位实测对比表明,数值模拟的应力谱密度与实测数据吻合较好,业界的分析方法可以在极端条件下对TLP的关键部位进行有效的强度分析.