坚定信心,应对挑战,大力强化船舶科技自主创新

就船舶工业目前面临的形势,论述了加快科技发展、加强自主创新来应对挑战的战略思路,提出了实现可持续发展的根本举措,强调落实开创自主创新新局面的几项重要工作。     

氢能源产业技术标准化发展现况

氢能作为一种高效、清洁、可持续利用的二次能源被认为是构建未来以可再生能源为主的多元能源结构的重要载体,以其开发和利用技术为主逐渐形成全球化氢能产业规模,氢能产业技术发展离不开氢能技术标准的推动和支撑,纵观国内外氢能技术标准化的发展及现况,我国氢能技术与国外还存在很大的差距,在液氢制取与储运、船用氢能燃料电池动力系统、加氢站关键设备及部件等技术方面需要加大科研投入,预研相关技术标准,提前谋划布局,以标准引领我国氢能技术及产业快速、高质量发展。     

The relationship between maritime education and employer trust: the structural equation modelling (SEM) perspective

The research is aimed to identify factors in the maritime education and training (MET) system and its relationship on maritime labour employers’ (MLEs) trust based on current practice in Malaysia. A questionnaire survey was used, and the respondents were the participants of a related conference in Malaysia. The structural equation modelling technique was used to explain the relationships in the stipulated research model. The test of structural model confirms that the model is adequate in explaining the MLEs’ trust. The results reveal that the perceived MET institutions’ efficiency has significant direct effects on the MLEs’ trust and the perceived seafarers’ competency. In addition, the perceived implementation of International Convention was found to significantly affect the seafarers’ competency. However, the perceived seafarers’ competency was not found to directly affect the MLEs’ trust. This study suggests that the MLEs’ trust is an important indicator and feedback on it can be used to further enhance the current MET system and its policies. Thus, one of the strategies is to develop a policy in order to achieve an effective maritime education and training. This is to support the maritime communities in progressing towards a more sustainable development in the MET in the context of enhancing the maritime safety.     

江苏沿海滩涂资源利用现状及其存在的问题

沿海滩涂是江苏重要的后备土地资源,滩涂围垦在为江苏沿海经济发展、缓解人口增长压力、保持耕地总量动态平衡等方面做出重要贡献的同时,对沿海湿地及生态系统也带来了一定的影响。文章主要介绍了江苏沿海滩涂开发利用现状和围垦开发后期所带来的一系列问题,并从土地可持续利用的角度初步探讨了滩涂资源合理开发利用的对策和建议。     

突发性海洋溢油事故预警应急联动机制研究

有效的溢油事故预警与应急反应不仅可以预防溢油事故所造成的各种经济和社会损失,而且对保护海洋环境、维护海洋资源的可持续利用起到重要作用。从溢油应急技术和应急管理现状入手,分析建立预警应急联动机制的必要性,探讨并建立了溢油事故预警应急联动的总体框架,提出了该机制正常运行的实施建议,以研究、补充安全管理中的不足,提高我国溢油应急的管理能力和技术水平。     

浅谈ADSL宽带接入技术

介绍了ADSL宽带接入网技术,讨论了它的工作原理、系统结构及调制技术,并分析了ADSL的发展优势和发展前景。     

Polish shipping and shipping policy

Following a period of about 120 years, when external political pressures prevented Poland from engaging in maritime commercial activities, the end of World War I marked an important epoch in Poland's maritime history. Although the Peace Treaties gave Poland access to the sea and the right to use Gdansk, it was not until 1926, when Poland's first shipping company was established and Poland's new port of Gdynia opened, that her new status as a maritime country was fashioned. This paper traces the development of Polish shipping from 1918 to the present time; discusses the factors related to Poland's problems in the sphere of international maritime transport; and outlines Poland's present shipping policy.     

S^2 BHCA Multiple AUVs cooperation oriented control architecture

Oceanographic survey, or other similar applications should be the applications of multiple AUVs. In this paper, the skill ＆ simulation based hybrid control architecture （S^2BHCA） as the controller＇s design reference was proposed. It is a multi-robot cooperation oriented intelligent control architecture based on hybrid ideas. The S^2BHCA attempts to incorporate the virtues of the reactive controller and of the deliberative controller by introducing the concept of the ＂skill＂. The additional online task simulation ability for cooperation is supported, too. As an application, a multiple AUV control system was developed with three ＂skills＂ for the MCM mission including two different cooperative tasks. The simulation and the sea trials show that simple task expression, fast reaction and better cooperation support can be achieved by realizing the AUV controller based on the S^2BHCA.     

ADO.NET 2.0在数据库访问中的应用

数据库访问技术一直是web应用程序和数据管理系统开发的重点和难点,ADO.NET 2.0为数据库开发提供了强大的理论和技术支持。介绍了ADO.NET 2.0的数据模型,研究了数据库的控件访问及编程访问方法和原理,阐述了ADO.NET 2.0的新增数据访问功能和机制并给出了DataTable的新增功能的应用实例。     

Polish shipping and shipping policy

Following a period of about 120 years, when external political pressures prevented Poland from engaging in maritime commercial activities, the end of World War I marked an important epoch in Poland's maritime history. Although the Peace Treaties gave Poland access to the sea and the right to use Gdansk, it was not until 1926, when Poland's first shipping company was established and Poland's new port of Gdynia opened, that her new status as a maritime country was fashioned. This paper traces the development of Polish shipping from 1918 to the present time; discusses the factors related to Poland's problems in the sphere of international maritime transport; and outlines Poland's present shipping policy.     

Local Level Fisheries Management in Diani-Chale,Kenya: Current Status and Future Directions

The current regime of fisheries management and the prospects for attaining a more locally oriented, collaborative system of fisheries management in Diani-Chale, Kenya are examined. At present fisheries management in Diani-Chale is characterized by diminished government capacity for regulation, weakened local institutions, and little ability to exert control over the use of fisheries. Local level management requires the development and use of local institutions that can govern the use of fishery resources. The fish landing sites used by fishers and their associated fishing grounds were identified to be at the appropriate level for resolving fishery management issues. A more formal role for these entities, the clarification of fishing ground tenure and access rights, and support for the development and enforcement of local fishing rules can further local management. The socioeconomic condition of fishers, their fear of losing landing sites, and the continued perception of the imposition of a marine reserve pose barriers to initiatives seeking to further local level management.     

(美)伍兹·霍尔海洋研究中心载人深潜器计划探究暨(美)新概念ALVIN号载人深潜器关键技术浅析

文章较为详细地介绍了美国伍兹霍尔海洋学研究所（WHOI）目前在建的新概念ALVIN号载人深潜器研制项目,该项目经过了美国科研机构认真详实的凋研论证而立项,新概念ALVIN号的研制对确保美国在深海研究及深海技术方面处于领先地位有着重大意义。文中介绍了新ALVIN号的主要技术性能、关键技术、建造费用、建造计划等内容。     

推进科技创新 提升航海保障能力

文中介绍了天津海事局近年来航标科技创新的主要成就和工作经验，探讨了航标科研可持续发展所需的机制建设、环境营造、人才培养及资金投入等工作的开展方向，对科技创新推动航标事业发展及创新管理理念的重要意义进行了阐述。     

NMVOC减排回收系统在穿梭油轮上的应用

NMVOC减排回收系统是近年来发展起来的应用在油船上的一种新型的油气处理技术,其可通过不同的技术方法来减少NMVOC在大气中的排放量,减少温室气体效应以及环境危害,具有极高的技术应用价值和广阔的市场前景.针对目前世界上已经应用到实船的NMVOC减排回收技术,重点分析介绍了几种技术方法及其应用.     

资源型企业可持续发展能力及其构建研究

可持续发展能力是实现资源型企业可持续发展的重要能力,深入研究我国当前资源型企业存在的矿竭企衰,发展后劲不足问题,其中一个很重要的根源在于企业缺乏可持续发展能力的培养和强化。分析了可持续发展能力及其外在表现、资源型企业构建可持续发展能力的必要性,并结合资源型企业的实际提出了构建可持续发展能力的途径和方式。     

国内海洋无人系统智能装备重点企事业单位技术创新模式分析

文章结合问卷调研的方式,简要对国内海洋无人系统智能装备重点企业事业单位技术创新特点及瓶颈进行了分析,并在此基础上以云洲智能科技有限公司为例分析其技术创新模式,为国内相关单位的技术研发及政策制定提供参考。     

我国船舶工业区域集聚效率研究

产业集聚是我国船舶工业可持续发展的重要途径,集聚效率能够反映不同区域的产业集聚效果。以区位熵方法测算各省市船舶工业的劳动力集聚度和企业集聚度,以此判别我国船舶工业的区域集聚状况,并运用数据包络分析方法对高集聚度省市分别在利润、产值和出口三方面进行集聚效率评价。结果显示,不同区域船舶工业的集聚效率存在较大差异,有进一步合理布局及提升效率的空间。最后,提出了相关的发展建议。     

A systemic review of shipboard SCR installations in practice

Growing customer demands and more stringent regulations to reduce harmful air emissions from ships have resulted in an increased interest for the installation of shipboard abatement technologies. Specifically, the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO_x) was early adopted by several Swedish shipping companies. The potential NO_x reduction efficiency of the SCR is well established, but the practical experiences of shipboard installations have been less documented. This paper reviews from a systems perspective the practical experiences of marine SCR installations in Swedish shipping. The aim is to identify important not only technical but also human and organizational conditions necessary for safe, efficient, and sustainable SCR operations at sea. Further, to investigate to what extent the capabilities and limitations of human operators and maintainers are taken into account in the design and installation phase of the systems. Two focus group interviews (n?=?10) and five individual interviews were held with relevant stakeholders in the industry, following a semi-structured schedule on the themes installation, operation, maintenance, and training. The results show that deficiencies in the overall system design—with a combination of technical issues, maintenance access problems, and untrained operators with inadequate understanding of the SCR process—have led to inefficient, costly, and unsafe operations. It is concluded that installations and operations of marine SCR systems, and possibly other forthcoming abatement technologies, would benefit from the use of traditional ergonomic principles and methods. This would in turn contribute towards increased sustainability and a reduced environmental impact from shipping.     

Bus Rapid Transit implementation in Beijing: An evaluation of performance and impacts

Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems are undergoing rapid development in many countries due to the unique characteristics of this form of mass transit. In China, BRT schemes are being adopted as a key strategy for relieving traffic problems. As a case-study, this paper examines the performance and impacts of BRT in Beijing, the first full-featured BRT system in China. It considers in turn the role of ITS technology in influencing the operational efficiency, technical performance and cost issues associated with BRT. Particular attention is given to the consequent impacts of BRT on travel behaviour change, traffic environment and property development. While some challenges remain, the early performance of BRT suggests that it is one of the key measures for promoting sustainable mobility.     

控制船机废气排放的绿色水运技术分析

文章分析了水路运输船舶柴油机废气排放对大气的污染,介绍了国际海事组织相关公约对船机排放的控制要求,讨论了业界重点关注的船机废气排放控制技术、温室气体排放等热点问题、以及国内外法规与鼓励措施等。文中还提出进一步完善控制船机废气排放的措施和思路,以期推进水路运输节能减排重大关键技术、先进适用技术与产品的研发与推广,促进绿色水运可持续发展。