霍尔木兹海峡的一个适当的单向波频谱模型（英文）

The objective of this paper is to introduce an appropriate unidirectional wave spectrum model for the Strait of Hormuz. The research is focused on assessing performance of standard wave spectrum models in the region. By evaluating such models based on valuable measurement data recently published, the calibration procedure has been conducted on such standard models to reach a better concordance between a modified standard spectral model and observed field spectra. The calibration is performed initially with respect to four distinct directions related to four available measurement stations. So, it results in four sets of coefficients for a nominated model. Next, it is continued to reach just one model insensitive to directions. Results clearly showed that the International Towing Tank Conference(ITTC) model is more appropriate than Joint North Sea Wave Project(JONSWAP) and Pierson and Moskowitz(PM) models in this area, even without any calibration. However, modifications have been successful on improving the conformity of the model.     

Three-dimensional vortex-induced vibrations of a circular cylinder predicted using a wake oscillator model

This paper reports a numerical study based on a wake oscillator model, to determine the three-dimensional vortex-induced vibration (VIV) responses on a flexible cylinder with pinned-pinned boundary conditions subjected to a uniform flow. Four different aspect ratios have been selected for the study. The coupling equations of the structural oscillator models and wake oscillator models in both the cross-flow (CF) and in-line (IL) directions have been solved using a standard central difference method of the second order. The structural displacement, structural frequency, response wave pattern, response trajectory, and lift force coefficient, for four aspect ratios, have been compared. The numerical results establish that, for a small aspect ratio, the CF displacements have absolute standing wave behaviors without travelling wave behaviors, and the IL displacements have dominant standing wave behaviors with slight travelling wave behaviors. Further, the VIV trajectory is repeatable and displays figure-eight shapes. However, for a large aspect ratio, the CF displacements display identical characteristics with the IL displacements for a small aspect ratio, and the IL displacements for a large aspect ratio are simultaneously dominated by standing and travelling wave behaviors. Moreover, the VIV trajectory is apparently aperiodic and shows chaotic shapes.     

Estimation of directional wave spectra and hull structural responses based on measured hull data on 14,000 TEU large container ships

To ensure hull structural strength of container ships in association with their increase in size, it is very important to grasp the hull stress histories all over the hull structure in actual sea state. However, ordinary hull stress monitoring systems are insufficient for this purpose because of the small number of stress sensors actually practicable. Therefore, in this paper, we discuss an approach to reproduce the hull stress responses which are not measured based on the estimated wave spectrum from the limited measurement data. To achieve this, we introduce a new model to estimate directional wave spectra based on measured ship stress responses and ship response functions, and further we estimate other ship responses using the model. To model an arbitrarily shaped directional wave distribution, the 360° direction is discretized into 36 directions of 10-degree intervals instead of using a directional distribution function, and in each direction, the wave spectrum is represented using the Ochi (3P) spectrum with three parameters (average wave period, significant wave height, and kurtosis). The authors discuss the evaluation results based on two stress response combinations, and a comparison is made between the sea state estimates made by the proposed method and the ocean wave hindcast database (JWA). Furthermore, by comparing the significant values and the spectra of the measured response of the ship with the estimated response based on both the estimated sea state by the proposed method and the hindcast sea state, the accuracies of the proposed method and the hindcast method are discussed in terms of ship stress estimation at non-instrumented locations.     

极浅水单点系泊FPSO低频响应分析

对单点系泊FPSO在极浅水中波浪作用下的低频响应进行频域数值计算与模型试验研究,水深16.7m,入射波有义波高4.1m.计算结果与试验结果符合良好.试验中的波浪校验结果显示,在不规则波浪谱中出现明显的低频成分.由此产生了一阶低频波浪力,其能量谱是通常二阶波浪力谱的近百倍,导致FPSO在极浅水中所受低频波浪力大大增加,并引起极大幅度的共振纵荡运动响应.极浅水时,低频纵荡运动响应主要是一阶的,二阶成分几乎可以忽略,而且与深水相比,由于阻尼和二阶波浪力同时增加,二阶响应变化不大.低频浅水长波和一阶低频波浪力及其诱导大幅运动响应会给极浅水FPSO和系泊系统设计带来严重影响,在水动力性能预报时必须仔细予以考虑.     

声阵测量中校核声传感器相位失配量的新方法

在声学测量中，测量通道间的相位失配引起的误差有时候至关重要，以致必须进行相位失配量的校核试验。如果使用传统的自由场行波法，由于存在安装误差，高频时无法得到高精度数据。本文提出了一种新的在驻波场条件下校核两路测量通道间相位失配量的方法。通过对形成驻波场的反射界面的不同情况的讨论，和对使用这种校核方法引起的误差分析，可以发现：在驻波场的波峰附近，两传感器的测量相位差的变化对安装位置的偏差最不敏感，该测量相位差本身就是两测量通道间相位失配的反映。通常，驻波效应的加剧有助于校核结果精度的提高。在硬边界／软边界条件下，当|R|＝ξ→1时，驻波效应很强烈，所得数据精度最高，能容许的声传感器安装偏差也最大。通过与行波场条件下计算结果的比较，发现驻小场条件下所得结果精度更高，适用的频率范围更宽。考虑到校核试验中所显示的操作的可靠性和成本的低廉性，该方法具有较高的工程应用价值。     

Optimization of bottom-hinged flap-type wave energy converter for a specific wave rose

In this paper, we conducted a numerical analysis on the bottom-hinged flap-type Wave Energy Convertor (WEC). The basic model, implemented through the study using ANSYS-AQWA, has been validated by a three-dimensional physical model of a pitching vertical cylinder. Then, a systematic parametric assessment has been performed on stiffness, damping, and WEC direction against an incoming wave rose, resulting in an optimized flap-type WEC for a specific spot in the Persian Gulf. Here, stiffness is tuned to have a near-resonance condition considering the wave rose, while damping is modified to capture the highest energy for each device direction. Moreover, such sets of specifications have been checked at different directions to present the best combination of stiffness, damping, and device heading. It has been shown that for a real condition, including different wave heights, periods, and directions, it is very important to implement the methodology introduced here to guarantee device performance.     

特定波形玫瑰图条件下底铰式襟翼波能转换装置的优化（英文）

In this paper, we conducted a numerical analysis on the bottom-hinged flap-type Wave Energy Convertor(WEC). The basic model, implemented through the study using ANSYS-AQWA, has been validated by a three-dimensional physical model of a pitching vertical cylinder. Then, a systematic parametric assessment has been performed on stiffness, damping, and WEC direction against an incoming wave rose, resulting in an optimized flap-type WEC for a specific spot in the Persian Gulf. Here, stiffness is tuned to have a near-resonance condition considering the wave rose, while damping is modified to capture the highest energy for each device direction. Moreover, such sets of specifications have been checked at different directions to present the best combination of stiffness, damping, and device heading. It has been shown that for a real condition, including different wave heights, periods, and directions, it is very important to implement the methodology introduced here to guarantee device performance.     

A new method for calibration of unidirectional double-peak spectra

This study aims at presenting a new approach in calibrating standard two-peak design spectra for specific regions in absence of wind data. The main principle in these kinds of fitting for a new area is to minimize the least square error between measured and fitted spectra and there has been less attention to double-peak spectra individual characteristic as co-existence of wind-sea and swell parts in one spectrum. Here, separation frequency, approximately dividing such parts, is implemented to virtually extract wind-sea and swell components of a measured spectrum considering their intrinsic overlap near the separation frequency. Then, they have been easily utilized to calibrate two parts of standard double-peak spectrum in a revisory manner. To verify benefits of this new methodology, it has been applied on Ochi-Hubble as well as Torsethaugen spectra regarding field measurements in a coastal region at Gulf of Oman, Chabahar bay. Results obviously show a better adjustment of formula to field spectrum using this simple approach when compared with output of calibration on integrated field spectrum irrespective of its main characteristic such as availability of two-wave systems.     

作业水深对半潜平台气隙影响的比较研究

结合水池试验结果,对数值模拟粘滞曳力和辐射阻尼进行了修正。考虑平台所受的风、浪、流载荷以及全尺寸锚泊系统对平台运动的影响,基于锚泊和ATA定位方式,选取四种典型计算工况,对平台在不同作业水深下气隙和波浪砰击进行研究。研究结果表明:平台在同等工况下,工作水深对两种定位方式下平台运动响应能量谱、关注点气隙响应能量谱影响敏感。关注点处负气隙以及波浪砰击次数随着工作水深的增加而加剧。ATA定位平台较之于锚泊定位平台的随动性更好,可有效减小平台与水质点相对运动。工作水深引起ATA定位下平台关注点的砰击次数、气隙变化以及改善幅值优于锚泊定位。在平台设计过程中应该重视工作水深对平台气隙和波浪砰击的影响。     

移动脉动源的传播特性在池壁效应判别中的应用研究

受水池宽度的限制,波浪中航行的船模可能受到池壁效应的干扰,这种干扰作用的实质是船体的辐射—绕射波经池壁反射后作用于船模的结果。文章以点源为研究对象,采用等相分析法获得了Bessho型移动脉动源格林函数的远场传播波系。分析表明:移动脉动源的传播波模态与斯特劳哈尔数τ的大小密切相关,当τ0.25时远场波系中包含环形波、内侧楔形波及外侧楔形波三个模态;当τ0.25时远场波系中包含环形—扇形波、扇形波及内侧楔形波三个模态。进一步分析可知,当τ0.272时,环形波或环形-扇形波将出现在船模前方,此时的池壁效应不可避免;当τ0.272且船艏点源兴波的半楔角大于几何临界半楔角时,此时将存在池壁效应的干扰。文中在单船试验池壁效应判别分析的基础上,计及船模辐射—绕射波的池壁反射作用对自身和另一船模的干扰,依据船型要素、两船相对位置和池壁几何参数,提出了采用四个几何临界半楔角的最小值判别波浪中并行航行两船模池壁效应的数值方法。     

Full scale measurements at magnus

The environmental and structural monitoring system on Magnus tower was designed making use of experience from previous monitoring systems on West Sole, Forties and Buchan. The paper describes the measuring systems adopted together with their calibration procedures and independent checks.

The major results in terms of environmental conditions and platform response are discussed. They are compared with the Forties results and standard design procedures. Deterministic and spectral extreme conditions are considered. Where applicable, comparisons are made with other published results.

Finally, the principal conclusions of the measurement programme are presented and discussed. These refer particularly to structural dynamics, coefficients for the Morison equation and appropriate methods of application of wave loading to a deep water structure.     

近岸波浪数学模型的发展

概要地介绍了国内外平面二维、垂向二维和三维波浪数学模型的研究进展及其应用情况,探讨了波浪数学模型的发展方向。     

风暴中船舶安全池破损问题

选用实际在航货船船型,运用理论和模型试验相结合的方法确定非线性横摇运动方程各系数,研究了随机波浪和随机风中船舶安全池的破损问题.引入定量分析方法,考虑扰动波谱(例如ITTC谱)对安全池破损的影响以及脉动风速谱的作用,进一步揭示了安全池破损的内在机理及影响因素.本文认为,计算安全池时应选择合适的扰动波谱,风速脉动特性的影响是不能忽略的.     

多波束倾斜安装技术在水下检测工程中的应用

由于常规多波束系统垂直安装,无法精确测量临岸水域、码头、防波堤、丁坝、海岛礁等特殊水下地形地貌。针对这一难题,进行了多波束倾斜安装和校准的技术研究。采用多波束倾斜安装的方法,增加相关侧的波束数量,测量能够达到吃水线位置。水深成果精度满足规范及工程需求,实现了水下特殊地形地貌的全覆盖测量,为水上水下一体化模型提供技术支撑,可以广泛应用在水下检测工程中。     

湍流边界层脉动压力波数—频率谱模型对比研究

湍流边界层噪声是舰船主要水动力噪声之一。湍流边界层噪声预报须选用适当的脉动压力波数—频率谱模型。引入6种常用的脉动压力波数-频率谱模型,在波数域和频域内进行对比;运用这些模型对槽道流边界层脉动压力自功率谱进行预报,并引入试验结果进行对比,为工程应用中选择适当的脉动压力波数—频率谱模型提供依据：Corcos模型物理意义明确,但预报精度稍差;Chase模型表达式复杂,经验性更强,物理意义不明晰,预报精度较高。     

沉管管节浮运过程中波浪附加阻力的水动力学分析

波浪引起的附加阻力是管节海上浮运过程中总阻力的重要组成。采用基于势流理论的水动力学软件AQWA计算了管节浮运过程中的波浪附加阻力。通过建立管节及附属结构的三维有限元模型,确定管节的几何、物理性质,建立湿表 面模型进行水动力学分析。对影响附加阻力的各因素,包括水深、航速、波浪谱及波浪要素等,进行了参数敏感性分析。计算结果表明,采用P-M谱的计算值较采用JONSWAP谱有所不同,附加阻力随水深增加而减小,阻力值与波浪周期及波浪入射角均有一定的关系,与波浪高度的平方成正比,且与拖航速度成正比。     

Estimation of the wave direction of ship waves generated by a small vessel using the multiple signal classification method

It is very important to estimate the waves generated by a small vessel so as to investigate their effects on floating bodies within the scope of fisheries and ocean engineering. Simplified methods for estimating the wave heights and periods of ship waves have been presented in previous studies. However, estimating the direction of ship waves is not easy. The focus of the present study is to develop an analytical technique to determine the direction of ship waves based on the measurements in field experiments. The multiple signal classification (MUSIC) method is newly proposed for determining the direction of ship waves. For high ship speeds, the directional spectrum of ship waves estimated by MUSIC resulted in a sharp monotone peak, and the estimated directions of ship waves were very similar to the results of field experiments using an actual small vessel. The proposed MUSIC method has thus been confirmed to be effective in estimating ship wave directions with high resolution.     

Efficient long-term fatigue analysis of deepwater risers in the time domain including wave directionality

Accurate fatigue assessment is a challenging and crucial aspect of riser design. The prediction of the long-term fatigue damage must account for numerous sea states of different wave heights, periods, and directions. Each sea state entails a dynamic analysis, often performed in the time domain owing to the significant nonlinearities. Because of the short-term uncertainties from irregular waves, the simulation duration must be sufficiently long for results to converge. To alleviate the hefty computational cost of long-term fatigue analysis, researchers have proposed efficient methods, but these are not without drawbacks; in particular, wave directionality is commonly neglected. This paper presents an efficient method for long-term fatigue analysis based on time domain simulation, considering wave directionality among other things. The proposed method is based on an enhanced version of control variates to reduce the variance in Monte Carlo simulations (MCS). The control function is constructed by training artificial neural network (ANN) models using existing MCS data. Here, a customized scheme is developed to allow for the situation that the training data and ANN prediction cases have different wave directions. The proposed method is unbiased and provides an error estimate. Simulations are performed on a floating system, and the proposed method is found to improve the efficiency of MCS significantly. Different scenarios such as fixed and random wave directions are compared, confirming that wave directionality is critical and should be included in a long-term fatigue assessment.     

基于Longuet-Higgins模型的畸形波模拟方法

基于随机波浪的Longuet-Higgins模型,给出了4种模拟畸形波的数值模型:相位调制模型(部分组成波初相位相同模型和调制相位角范围模型),相位调制加聚焦模型,随机波加瞬态波模型以及改进的相位调制模型。简要介绍了各模型的优缺点。其中,随机波加瞬态波模型和改进的相位调制模型最优,实现了畸形波的定时定点和定量生成,为实验室模拟畸形波、研究畸形波的能量以及对结构物的作用奠定了基础。     

VLCC大侧斜螺旋桨设计可行性研究

本文阐述了大侧斜螺旋桨设计软件包的功能及其使用特点。设计软件包括升力线和升力面设计程序，并能自动生成桨的三投影图和标准尺寸。通过对４艘大型船舶６个大仙斜桨的模型试验，证实了设计方法是可信的，程序包是有效的。为与常规的图谱设计方法进行比较，对其中两艘船按桢的条件各设计了一个ＭＡＵ桨，并加工了桨模。在大型空不筒中用假尾模拟伴流场后对７个桨模作了脉动压力测量。试验结果表明，大侧斜桨与常规桨相比，脉动压力