一种潜艇近水面的Havelock源面元法（英文）

A panel method is described for calculating potential flow around near-surface submarines. The method uses Havelock sources which automatically satisfy the linearized free-surface boundary condition. Outputs from the method include pressure field, pressure drag, wave resistance, vertical force, trim moment and wave pattern. Comparisons are made with model tests for wave resistance of Series 58 and DARPA SUBOFF hulls, as well as with wave resistance, lift force and trim moment of three length-to-diameter variants of the DSTO Joubert submarine hull. It is found that the Havelock source panel method is capable of determining with reasonable accuracy wave resistance, vertical force and trim moment for submarine hulls. Further experimental data are required in order to assess the accuracy of the method for pressure field and wave pattern prediction. The method is implemented in the computer code "Hull Wave" and offers potential advantages over RANS-CFD codes in terms of speed, simplicity and robustness.     

基于STAR-CCM+的潜艇无动力低速下潜受力仿真

本文以SUBOFF AFF-8全附体潜艇模型为研究对象,对微型潜艇在执行特种任务时以3种速度、8种纵倾角姿态的组合做下潜运动的受力进行仿真。通过改变不同来流速度以模拟潜艇在不同速度下的稳态下潜,得到潜艇8种姿态下以不同速度的阻力和纵倾力矩,从而给潜艇下潜时调节首、尾压载保持受力平衡提供依据;同时进行潜艇在水下直航状态的垂向力系数和纵倾力矩系数仿真验证,结果与试验值对比误差较小。     

电磁力控制潜艇近水面兴波绕流流场的数值研究

文章基于VOF方法,对Froude数(Fr)等于0.2时近水面不同潜深的潜艇绕流流场结构进行了仿真,主要研究了不同潜深的兴波特性及水下绕流艇身周围的流场结构特点。结果表明,接近水面时,艇身周围的流场结构受到兴波的影响而变得更加复杂,潜艇阻力和各方向力的扰动有明显增加。使用流向电磁力对潜艇头部和指挥台进行控制,加力后潜艇绕流流场结构发生改变,随着电磁力作用系数的增大,阻力显著下降,同时各方向力的扰动被抑制,整体稳定性有所提高。最后对头部和指挥台进行独立控制,对比结果表明头部控制在减阻减振方面的效果要好于指挥台控制。     

基于纵倾调整的集装箱船实海域航行阻力减少的研究

为应对"能效运营指标(EEOI)自愿应用导则",提出了在航行中采用调节纵倾的方法,降低营运能耗。选取了3100TEU集装箱船作为研究对象,应用Rankine源自由面势流理论计算不同纵倾下船舶兴波阻力系数以及总阻力系数,应用三维面元法计算了规则波中的波浪增阻,并针对实海域进行了増阻预报。研究表明,一定的艉倾能减小兴波阻力和总阻力。通过实海域増阻预报,服务航速下采用艉倾0.4°的纵倾航行会使波浪増阻增加4.21%,但总阻力仍能减少3.38%,较有效地降低了EEOI值。     

基于遗传算法的带有调纵倾尾板及拦截器的滑行艇水动力性能评估及优化（英文）

Nowadays, several stern devices are attracting a great deal of attention. The control surface is an effective apparatus for improving the hydrodynamic performance of planing hulls and is considered an important element in the design of planing hulls. Control surfaces produce forces and a pitching moment due to the pressure distribution that they cause, which can be used to change the running state of high-speed marine boats. This work elaborates a new study to evaluate the hydrodynamic performance of a planing boat with a trim tab and an interceptor, and optimizes them by using an optimization algorithm. The trim tab and the interceptor have been used to optimize the running trim and motion control of semi-planing and planing boats at various speeds and sea conditions for many years. In this paper, the usage of trim tab is mathematically verified and experimental equations are utilized to optimize the performance of a planing boat at a specificd trim angle by using an optimization algorithm. The genetic algorithm(GA) is one of the most useful optimizing methods and is used in this study. The planing boat equations were programmed according to Savitsky's equations and then analyzed in the framework of the GA-based optimization for performance improvement of theplaning hull. The optimal design of trim tab and interceptor for planing boat can be considered a multiobjective problem. The input data of GA include different parameters, such as speed, longitudinal center of gravity, and deadrise angle. We can extract the best range of forecasting the planing boat longitudinal center of gravity, the angle of the trim, and the least drag force at the best trim angle of the boat.     

潜艇大攻角操纵运动预报

舱室破损进水是造成潜艇失事的主要险情之一.文中针对潜艇首部破损进水并采取应急吹除上浮时出现的大攻角运动状态,建立了潜艇大攻角操纵运动数学模型.通过数学模型中有、无考虑大攻角水动力修正的两种形式,对潜艇首部舱室破损进水的挽回操纵进行了仿真预报比较.仿真结果表明,潜艇在大攻角状态下的操纵运动预报,数学模型中考虑了大攻角水动力修正后的预报更加合理.而且,在潜艇舱室破损进水采取应急吹除挽回时,需要重点关注升降舵对纵倾的控制.     

Analysis on maneuvering motion characteristics of submarine under static moment in vertical plane北大核心CSCD

[Objectives]Aiming at the problem of poor depth-changing ability of the stern rudder of submarine at low speed, and the problem of reversing the movement trend is difficult when the stern rudder is stuck and encountering abrupt changes of seawater density in the vertical steering maneuver. This paper conducts the mechanism research of static moment maneuver. [Methods]First, it is proved through theoretical analysis that the static moment maneuver can eliminate the reversed velocity phenomenon of the stern rudder. Then, the surfacing process under the static moment maneuver and the rudder hydrodynamic control is numerically simulated. [Results]The simulation results show that the static moment maneuver can make the submarine maintain good vertical plane maneuverability at low speed, eliminate the reversed velocity phenomenon of the stern rudder, and avoid excessive trim angle of the submarine at high speed. At the same time, the recovery effect of the two emergency situations of rudder jamming and falling deep has been improved. [Conclusions]The static moment maneuver is beneficial to the maneuverability and safety of the submarine. The research in this article can provide a reference for the maneuverability design of submarine. © 2023 The Author(s).     

浅水中半小水线面双体船概念设计的阻力分析（英文）

Resistance analysis is an important analytical method used to evaluate the hydrodynamic performance of High Speed Craft(HSC). Analysis of multihull resistance in shallow water is essential to the performance evaluation of any type of HSC. Ships operating in shallow water experience increases in resistance because of changes in pressure distribution and wave pattern. In this paper, the shallow water performance of an HSC design concept, the semi-Small Waterplane Area Twin Hull(semi-SWATH) form, is studied. The hull is installed with fin stabilizers to reduce dynamic motion effects, and the resistance components of the hull, hull trim condition, and maximum wave amplitude around the hull are determined via calm water resistance tests in shallow water. These criteria are important in analyzing semi-SWATH resistance in shallow water and its relation to flow around hull. The fore fin angle is fixed to zero degrees, while the aft fin angle is varied to 0o, 5o, 10o, and 15o. For each configuration, investigations are conducted with depth Froude numbers(Fr H) ranging from 0.65 to 1.2, and the resistance tests are performed in shallow water at the towing tank of UTM. Analysis results indicate that the resistance, wave pattern, and trim of the semi-SWATH hull form are affected by the fin angle. The resistance is amplified whereas the trim and sinkage are reduced as the fin angle increases. Increases in fin angle contribute to seakeeping and stability but affect the hull resistance of HSCs.     

水下爆炸气泡作用下船体总纵强度估算方法

水下爆炸中的气泡脉动载荷会造成舰船的鞭状运动,对其总纵强度产生很大威胁,是战争中造成船体总体毁伤与丧失生命力的主要原因之一。基于势流理论,推导并建立船体梁气泡弯矩的理论与计算方法,同时综合考虑气泡弯矩、船体静水弯矩、波浪弯矩及砰击弯矩等其他影响因素,建立一套完整的气泡作用下船体梁总纵强度估算方法。通过算例,校核典型工况下多种弯矩同时作用时船体梁的总纵强度。计算结果表明,气泡脉动载荷产生的总纵弯矩具有周期性鞭振特性,且数值大于其他弯矩。在评估舰船总纵强度与生命力时,应充分考虑气泡脉动载荷的影响。     

Resistance analysis of a semi-SWATH design concept in shallow water

Resistance analysis is an important analytical method used to evaluate the hydrodynamic performance of High Speed Craft (HSC). Analysis of multihull resistance in shallow water is essential to the performance evaluation of any type of HSC. Ships operating in shallow water experience increases in resistance because of changes in pressure distribution and wave pattern. In this paper, the shallow water performance of an HSC design concept, the semi-Small Waterplane Area Twin Hull (semi-SWATH) form, is studied. The hull is installed with fin stabilizers to reduce dynamic motion effects, and the resistance components of the hull, hull trim condition, and maximum wave amplitude around the hull are determined via calm water resistance tests in shallow water. These criteria are important in analyzing semi-SWATH resistance in shallow water and its relation to flow around hull. The fore fin angle is fixed to zero degrees, while the aft fin angle is varied to 0°, 5°, 10°, and 15°. For each configuration, investigations are conducted with depth Froude numbers (Fr _H ) ranging from 0.65 to 1.2, and the resistance tests are performed in shallow water at the towing tank of UTM. Analysis results indicate that the resistance, wave pattern, and trim of the semi-SWATH hull form are affected by the fin angle. The resistance is amplified whereas the trim and sinkage are reduced as the fin angle increases. Increases in fin angle contribute to seakeeping and stability but affect the hull resistance of HSCs.     

操纵运动潜艇水动力计算研究

采用FLUENT软件对一模型艇在不同漂角下运动的升沉力系数和表面压力分布进行计算,验证了该软件解决此类问题的有效性。在此基础上,对作操纵运动的潜艇主体和带附体的全艇体,在一定攻角和漂角下的垂向力、俯仰力矩和横向力、纵倾力矩进行计算,取得了工程上较为满意、实用的精度,为解决潜艇操纵运动水动力预报的困难做出了有益的探索。     

CFD validation studies for a high-speed foil-assisted semi-planing catamaran

This paper details the CFD validation studies carried out as a prerequisite for multi-fidelity CFD-based design optimization of high-speed passenger-only ferries aimed at reducing far-field wake energy that causes beach erosion. A potential flow program (WARP) and a URANS program (CFDSHIP) were validated using full-scale measurements of resistance, sinkage, trim, and far-field wake train obtained over a wide range of speeds for two high-speed semi-planing foil-assisted catamarans: Spirit (LOA-22 m) and 1060 (LOA-17 m). This study posed a unique combination of challenges for CFD modeling: the foil appended geometry required complicated surface overset grids, the effect of the waterjet and wind resistance had to be modeled, and a method had to be devised to extrapolate the calculated near-field elevation to get the far-field wake train using Havelock sources. A more concentrated effort was applied to the URANS verification and validation which forms the focus of this paper. The results show that URANS is able to accurately predict the resistance and motions for both vessels when coupled with models that account for the propulsors and air resistance. The overall accuracy of URANS for the performance analysis of the foil-assisted, semi-planing catamarans was adequate to warrant its use as a tool for subsequent design and optimization of a new vessel with significantly reduced wakes.     

两浮体在波浪中二阶漂移力的三维方法研究

基于三维频域线性理论采用近场方法研究波浪中两浮体之间二阶漂移力（矩）的相互干扰,建立了两船相隔一定间距在波浪中运动的二阶漂移力（矩）的数学模型。经过数学换算,浮体的二阶漂移力（矩）可用人射速度势和扰动分布源简单表示。通过对固结的两船在横浪中的二阶横向漂移力及首摇漂移力矩的计算,得出结论与试验结果作比较,两者吻合度较好。     

斜入射水波对直立防波堤的波浪渗流作用

基于Biot渗流固结理论和水波绕射理论,应用特征函数展开法,推导了对应直立防波堤的绕射波势和波浪引起的海床内渗流压力分布的解析式,由此计算了作用于直立防波堤底部上由波浪渗流压力所导致的浮托力和倾覆力矩,并与水平波浪力和力矩进行了相应比较。计算结果表明,在一定条件下,波浪渗流作用与水平波浪作用可以具有相同的量级。波浪入射角,防波堤前侧透空及海况条件防波堤几何尺寸等因素的相对变化对波浪渗流作用均存在一定的影响,其中对渗流倾覆力矩的影响更为明显。     

曲线运动潜体近水面兴波时域研究

本文利用快速多极子面元法的高效性与精确性,对近水面潜体在水平面曲线运动过程中的时域兴波势流问题展开研究。首先确定了自由面网格密度及时域更新方法以保证数值模拟的准确性,探索了椭球潜体在水下做直线运动与曲线运动时阻力系数与升力系数变化的区别,明确了曲线运动过程中各项系数的变化规律,并针对不同的偏航角度的兴波特性进行比较,研究偏航角度大小对于潜体兴波阻力、升力以及表面兴波波形的影响。研究结果表明,当偏航角较大时,表面兴波对曲线运动潜体所受阻力和升力影响均非常显著;随着偏航角度的变大,各波系间的相互作用更加明显,表面波形更为复杂,导致了兴波阻力激增,阻力及升力曲线均出现大幅波动且不对称性。     

高速三体船兴波阻力与片体布局优化研究

本文据线性兴波阻力理论推导了辅船体与主船体水下体积不相等情况下的兴波阻力计算公式,据此以数学船型作为片体对高速三体船片体兴波干扰规律、兴波阻力曲线规律进行了研究,并采用简单枚举与等值线图谱相结合的方法对片体布局优化问题进行了探讨.     

含月池开孔的FPSO水动力性能及波浪载荷研究

为研究月池开孔对FPSO水动力性能和波浪载荷的影响,基于三维势流理论和波浪诱导载荷理论,分析了不同的月池尺寸、不同的月池纵向位置以及不同的船体吃水时附加质量和附加阻尼的变化趋势。并进行了含月池开孔的FPSO波浪诱导载荷的长期预报,得到了截面垂向剪力和弯矩沿船长方向的分布规律,分析了月池尺寸对波浪诱导载荷的影响。结果表明含有月池的FPSO船体的垂向附加质量和附加阻尼会出现一个峰值,随月池尺寸增加而逐渐减小;月池处垂向剪力和垂向弯矩随月池尺寸增大有小幅度减小。     

航行工况下自升式风车安装船强度直接计算研究

自升自航式风车安装船为海洋工程专业特种船舶,在风机运输,安装中有很高的实际利用价值。采用直接计算法,对航行工况下自升自航式风电安装船的总强度进行评估。建立了船体和桩腿的有限元建模,基于三维势流理论对波浪垂直弯矩进行长期预报,得到风车安装船在典型装载工况下的设计波参数,将船舶在设计波中的重力、静水压力、水动压力、惯性力等施加到模型上进行直接强度分析,对航行工况下船体和桩腿的强度进行了校核。本文的计算方法及结果可为自升自航式风车安装船的整体强度评估、船体结构优化提供有效依据,并且对同类工程船的设计开发具有指导意义。     

非线性PID控制器在潜艇深度控制中的应用

基于潜艇垂直面非线性运动模型,模拟波浪干扰力和瞬间干扰力情况下潜艇的操纵运动;利用非线性PID控制技术、状态扩张技术(ESO),对潜艇深度变换进行控制,仿真表明,无论深度差异多大,控制器都能使得潜艇实现快速且零超调的深度变换控制。