船舶溢油后海岸带生物的修复模拟

为减少船舶溢油事故对海岸带生物造成的污染,尽快恢复原有的生态环境,在实验室条件下,以人工制备的石油污染沉积物模拟海上溢油后石油污染的海岸带,以石油降解菌、双齿围沙蚕(Nereis succinea)和翅碱蓬(Suaeda heteroptera)为修复主体,进行生物修复试验。设计石油与沉积物的质量比为1.5 g/kg,设置石油降解菌组、沙蚕-石油降解菌组、翅碱蓬-石油降解菌组和沙蚕-翅碱蓬-石油降解菌组等4种生物修复处理组,并设置空白组进行对照。试验结果表明：进行修复试验60 d,各生物修复组总石油烃的去除率均显著高于空白组(显著性水平P<0.05),其中沙蚕-翅碱蓬-石油降解菌组的修复效果最好,总石油烃的去除率为44.5%;各生物修复组总石油烃去除速率均在修复试验16～30 d内最快,在修复试验31～60 d内总石油烃去除速率明显下降。     

硒对人体白细胞氧化活性的影响——人全血化学发光法及其应用

本文首次采用改良的人全血化学发光法检测了不同浓度硒对10例健康成人白细胞氧化活性的直接影响。将四种不同浓度硒分别加入健康成人新鲜抗凝全血中,使其最终浓度分别为0.001μg/ml、0.01μg/ml、0.1μg/ml和1μg/ml,4℃冰箱储存,并于1小时、12小时和36小时进行化学发光的动力学测量,其结果与加硒前相比,化学发光峰值和60分积分值均无明显差异(P>0.05)。表明在此预防浓度范围内,亚硒酸钠对吞噬细胞的氧化活性无直接地激发或抑制作用。此为临床补硒及阐明作用机理提供参考依据。     

UV/PS降解阿特拉津机理及动力学分析

为了解决阿特拉津(atrazine,ATZ)对水体污染问题,采用紫外/过二硫酸盐(ultraviolet/peroxodisulfate,UV/PS)降解水体中的ATZ,考察了不同pH值、UV强度、PS浓度、温度条件下UV/PS对ATZ的降解效果,同时对其降解机理、降解动力学及降解路径进行了探讨.机理分析表明,UV可使ATZ发生光解,UV/PS能快速降解水体中ATZ,中性偏碱性条件下UV/PS体系中同时存在SO4-·和·OH.动力学分析表明,不同温度、pH值、PS浓度、UV强度条件下UV/PS降解ATZ动力学符合准一级反应动力学.降解路径分析表明,ATZ主要通过脱氯、加羟基、脱乙基、脱异丙基等方式被降解,几种降解方式并不孤立,但三嗪环并未开环降解.试验结果表明,反应体系温度为25℃,PS浓度为70μmol/L,UV强度为50 mW/cm~2,反应体系初始pH为5.8,反应时间为20 min时,UV/PS体系对2.5μmol/L ATZ的降解率可达91.03%.     

钼酸钠对实验性心律失常和豚鼠心房的作用

铜酸钠(Sodium molybdate)10μg/10g ip降低氯仿引起小鼠心室颤动率.Na_2MoO_48mg/kg iv显著提高豚鼠心脏哇巴因中毒时的耐量,明显对抗鸟头碱和氯化钡诱发的大鼠室性心律失常。Na_2MoO_40.1mmol/L对离体豚鼠心房抑制收縮性,延长功能性不应期,显著抑制正阶梯现象和静息后增强效应。     

蚯蚓粪生物反应器去除H_2S气体试验研究

为探究蚯蚓粪能有效处理硫化氢气体,以污泥基蚯蚓粪为填料,采用卧式生物反应器去除H_2S气体,考察蚯蚓粪对H_2S的去除效果,研究气体停留时间和容积负荷对H_2S去除率的影响及生物降解宏观动力学.结果表明:蚯蚓粪为载体卧式生物反应器在启动运行6 d后,H_2S去除率可接近100%.当气体停留时间76～106 s,进气浓度100～500 mg/m~3,H_2S容积负荷高达400. 6 g/(m~3·d)时,H_2S去除效率稳定在90%以上;蚯蚓粪吸附降解H_2S的最大表观去除速率(Vm)和表观半饱和常数(Ks)分别为1 428. 6 g/(m~3·d)、417. 1 mg/m~3.通过分析可知,卧式蚯蚓粪生物反应器能高效处理H_2S气体,且具有较强的抗负荷冲击能力.     

蓝藻对苦草生理指标的影响

为了探讨湖泊富营养化过程中沉水植物产生的生理反应,选择苦草为研究对象,通过室内模拟试验,研究了不同浓度蓝藻(在0,122,166μg/L和222μg/L)对其叶片和根部造成的生理影响。结果表明:苦草叶片可溶性蛋白含量随着蓝藻浓度升高而减少,同样苦草根部的根系过氧化氢酶(CAT),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)比活性受到不同程度的抑制。苦草叶片中的SOD比活性在第20 d显著高于10 d,而POD,CAT酶的比活性随着蓝藻浓度增加而增加,以适应氧化胁迫。丙二醛(MDA)在水中叶绿素a浓度为222μg/L时显著增加,苦草在蓝藻叶绿素a浓度122μg/L时,苦草通过调节其抗氧化防御系统去除过量活性氧,以适应蓝藻浓度引起的氧化胁迫。这为控制太湖中的蓝藻浓度和恢复苦草的生物种群提供了科学的理论依据。     

长托宁治疗急性有机磷农药中毒的临床观察

目的观察长托宁与阿托品治疗急性有机磷农药中毒(AOPP)的临床效果。方法97例急性有机磷农药中毒的患者随机分为长托宁组(50人)与阿托品组(47人),长托宁组用长托宁配合氯磷定治疗,阿托品组用阿托品配合氯磷定治疗,对疗效进行比较。结果长托宁可使有机磷中毒患者的中毒症状持续的时间缩短(两组间M样症状消失时间分别为1.2 h和5.0 h,有显著性差异,P<0.05),治愈率提高,死亡率减少(长托宁组分别为98%、2%,阿托品组分别为80.75%、19.15%),阿托品中毒人数减少(长托宁组3人、阿托品组14人),因阿托品中毒死亡率减少(长托宁组0、阿托品组17%),患者住院平均日缩短(长托宁组4-5 d、阿托品组7-10 d)。结论长托宁目前是救治急性有机磷农药中毒最理想的抗胆碱药。     

准好氧矿化垃圾去除渗滤液中有机物的试验研究

用室内埋龄为3 a的准好氧矿化垃圾填充生物反应床,分别在自然通风和封闭填埋条件下对渗滤液进行灌注处理,以探讨准好氧矿化垃圾对渗滤液中有机物的去除特性和效果.结果表明准好氧矿化垃圾去除最多的是渗滤液中含量最多的分子量小于2×103的有机物.当水力负荷为40 L/(m3·d)时,在自然通风和封闭填埋条件下总溶解性有机物的去除率分别为92%和87%;当水力负荷为50 L/(m3·d)时,总溶解性难降解有机物的去除率分别为34%和21%.在自然通风条件下,当水力负荷从50 L/(m3·d)减小到25 L/(m3·d)时,相应的容积负荷从600 g/(m3·d)减小到300 g/(m3·d),化学需氧量(COD)去除率从85%提高到93%以上.经过40 d连续运行,生物反应床出水中的COD质量浓度稳定在400～900 mg/L之间.     

丹参乙酸镁活性代谢产物在大鼠体内的药代动力学特征

目的研究丹参乙酸镁代谢产物M1(3-′O-monomethyl-lithospermic acid B)和M2(3,′3′-′O-dimethyl-lithosper-mic acid B)在大鼠体内的药代动力学特征。方法大鼠静脉注射丹参乙酸镁代谢产物M1或M2,液质联用法进行MRM扫描分析,测定代谢物M1和M2血药浓度,计算药代动力学参数。结果采用该液质联用色谱测定血浆样品中丹参乙酸镁代谢物的方法,血浆内源性物质均不干扰样品峰,相对回收率为:87%-101.4%,日间和日内相对变异系数(CV%)均小于9.77%,血浆中的最低定量限为1μg/L(S/N≥3),线性范围为16-4 096μg/L。M1和M2的t1/2z分别为(1.54±0.81)h和(1.52±0.42)h,MRT(0-t)分别为(0.46±0.07)h和(0.33±0.05)h,AUC(0-tn)分别为(13.63±2.7)(mg.h)/L和(14.96±2.54)(mg.h)/L。结论M1和M2静脉注射的体内代谢过程符合二室模型,消除较快。     

体外诱导人脐血CD34~+细胞向肝细胞的分化

目的探讨在体外培养条件下人脐血CD34+细胞向肝细胞的分化。方法用磁性细胞分选试剂盒(MACS)分离出CD34+细胞后在含50 mL/L FBS,1×ITS,4.7 mg/L亚油酸,10-4mol/L 2-磷酸抗坏血酸的低糖型DMEM中培养,并以FGF4(100μg/L)、HGF(20μg/L)进行诱导。分别于生长因子刺激前和刺激8、16 d时留取细胞。通过RT-PCR对ALB、AFP、GATA-4等mRNA的表达水平进行检测;用免疫细胞化学染色检测ALB蛋白的表达,并收集培养液测定ALB的质量浓度。结果流式细胞仪检测结果显示CD34+细胞的平均分离纯度>90%,达到分离要求。RT-PCR检测到诱导后的CD34+细胞表达ALB、AFP、GATA4 mRNA。免疫细胞化学染色可见诱导16 d的CD34+细胞出现ALB阳性表达细胞,ELISA检测表明诱导组8、16 d培养液中的ALB质量浓度明显增高,与诱导前和未诱导组相比均有显著差异(P<0.01)。结论在体外培养条件下,脐血CD34+造血干细胞可分化为表达白蛋白的类肝细胞。     

碘化二甲基木防己碱对大鼠血脂及家兔血液流变学的影响

本文研究DTI对大鼠血脂、血脂蛋白胆固醇及家兔血液流变学指标的影响。DTI 0.5mg/kg腹腔注射可升高正常大鼠的TG,降低正常大鼠和高脂饲养大鼠的HDL-c和HDL—c/LDL—c;在10μg/kg时静脉注射能促进家兔血栓形成,在5μg/kg和10μg/kg时增加高切变率下血浆粘度。说明DTI对大鼠血脂调理和家兔血液流变学指标可能有不利影响。     

PROTECTIVE ROLE OF SOPHOCARPINE IN COXSACKIEVIRUS B3 INFECTION IN CULTURED RAT CARDIOMYOCYTES

Objective To observe the anti-CVB3 ( Coxsackievirus B3 ) effect of sophocarpine (SC) extracted from Sophora flavescens , a traditional Chinese herb in vitro. Methods Cardiomyocytes from the neonatal rat were cultured to establish the viral myocarditis model. The cells were divided into four groups: infected group ( infected by CVB3 ), SC treated group ( added SC 100 μg/mL after viral infection ), SC control group ( added SC 100μg/mL only), and normal control group. The cytopathic effect (CPE) and the beating frequency of the myocardial cells were observed and the LDH levels in the supernatant were measured at day 2, 3, and 5. The cultured myocytes were added different concentrations of SC ( 12.5 - 400 μg/mL ) after infection with CVB3, the CPE was observed and the concentrations of LDH were measured and compared at day 2, 3, and 5. Results In the SC treated group ( 100 μg/mL) , the cytopathic effect was lighter and the LDH level was lower than the infected group. SC in a concentration of 12.5 - 300 μg/mL could relieve the CPE and lower the LDH level, while in a higher concentration (400 μg/m) , it exacerbated the CPE caused by the virus, and the LDH levels were higher than the infected cells.Conclusion SC in certain concentration could protect the cultured rat cardiomyocytes from CVB3 infection.     

INHIBITORY EFFECTS OF THE ALKALOIDS FROM Radix Caulophylli ON THE PROLIFERATION OF HUMAN VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELL

Angiogenesisplaysaveryimportantrolein tumorgrowthandmetastasis[1,2].Tumorssignalthe needforabloodsupplybysecretinggrowthfactors thattriggerangiogenesis,includingbasicfibroblast growthfactor(bFGF),vascularendothelialgrowth factor(VEGF)andplatelet deriveden…     

铜对抗实验性心律失常的作用

氯化铜(CuCl_2)10mg/kg iv 逆转大鼠 iv 氯化钡性心律失常为窦性心律,能对抗鸟头碱诱发大鼠的心律失常。铜5mg/kg 明显缩短氯仿-肾上腺素引起家兔心律失常的持续时间。铜15μg/10 g i.p 降低氯仿引起小鼠心室颤动率.但铜不能增加哇巴因引起豚鼠室性心律失常的阈剂量和致死量,不能降低氯化钙引起大鼠室颤率和死亡率。普萘洛尔2mg/kg i.v 能明显对抗这两种心律失常。氯化铜具有负性频率作用。     

INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION AT FULL TERM PREGNANCIES WITH ENDOCRINE FACTORS

Intrauterinegrowthretardation(IUGR)isoneofthecriticalcomplicationsduringpregnancyandremainsthemajorcauseofperinatalmorbidityandmorta1ity.Despiteadvancesintheresearchofeti-ology,pathogenesis,diagnosis,andmanagementforIUGR,doctorscouldneitherdiagnoseitcor-rectlynormanageitefficiently.ThedataprovidedbynationalresearchinggroupforbirthdefectsshowedthattheincidencerateofIUGRwas6.38%inChina.Amongthetotalperinataldeathofneonates,themortalityofIUGRaccountsfor42.3%.Moreover,evenaftertheirbirth,th…     

缓激肽在依那普利干预心肌梗塞大鼠心肌胶原代谢中的作用

目的　探讨缓激肽 (BK)对大鼠心肌梗塞 (MI)后心肌胶原生化改建的影响 ,以及血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂 (ACEI)对心肌胶原的影响是否与抑制BK的降解有关。方法　复制大鼠MI模型后 ,第 3天开始给予依那普利(5 0 0 μg·kg-1·d-1) 4周 ,测定左心室非梗塞区组织的胶原含量及Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原的比值 (Ⅰ /Ⅲ ) ,并与依那普利 +BKB2 受体阻断剂HOE 14 0 (5 0 0 μg·kg-1·d-1由微渗透泵给入 )组、血管紧张素ⅡⅠ型受体 (AT1)阻断剂Losartan(3mg·kg-1·d-1)组及对照组相比较。结果　依那普利、Losartan组的胶原含量及其Ⅰ /Ⅲ比值均较对照组降低(P <0 0 5 ) ,而Losartan组的胶原含量及其Ⅰ /Ⅲ比值又低于依那普利组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,依那普利 +HOE 14 0组的胶原含量及Ⅰ /Ⅲ比值较单独用依那普利组明显升高 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　BK能抑制大鼠MI后左心室胶原的生成及降低胶原Ⅰ /Ⅲ比值 ;ACEI阻抑左心室胶原生化改建的作用机制是既抑制了血管紧张素Ⅱ (AngⅡ )的生成又促使了心肌局部BK的积累。     

Oleanolic acid-induced apoptosis and its relation with intracellular calcium in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells

Objective To investigate the effect of oleanolic acid (OA) on apoptosis, correlation between apoptosis and intracellular calcium, and its mechanism in human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549. Methods Human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells were incubated in vitro and assigned with OA concentrations of 0, 10, 20 and 40μg/mL. The apoptosis status of A549 cell line was detected with Annexin V-FITC/PI by flow cytometry (FCM); fluorescence intensity (FI) of A549 cells was assessed and the level of intracellular calcium was calculated at 24 hour of OA intervention. The relation between apoptosis and calcium FI was illustrated by curve fitting. Results FCM showed that 10, 20 and 40μg/mL of OA could induce A549 cell apoptosis, which followed a concentration-effect pattern; 24-hour intervention with 20μg/mL and 40μg/mL OA showed increased A549 cell apoptosis, and was significantly different from that with 0μg/mL OA (P<0.01). The FI of intracellular calcium concentration in 10, 20 and 40μg/mL OA groups was significantly higher than that in 0μg/mL group after 24 hours' intervention, and the FI showed a trend of increase with increased OA concentration (P<0.01). Curve fitting showed a significant correlation between apoptosis rate and intracellular calcium concentration in A549 cells (r=0.981, P<0.01). Regression equation was Y=0.508X-1.627. Conclusion OA plays a role in inducing apoptosis of human lung adenocarcinoma cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The OA-induced apoptosis is responsible for intracellular calcium overload of the tumor.     

多抗甲素对淋巴细胞免疫功能的影响

应用3H－TdR及14C－UR参入淋巴细胞的双标记方法，在体外培养条件下，研究多抗甲素对人淋巴细胞DNA及RNA合成功能的影响。结果表明，在多抗甲素的浓度为0．1～10mg／L时，可显著增强淋巴细胞DNA及RNA的合成功能；当多抗甲素的浓度增至50～100mg／L时，对淋巴细胞合成DNA及RNA的能力呈现抑制作用，3H及14C标记物的参入计数减少。多抗甲素对淋巴细胞DNA及RNA合成功能的影响呈现双相作用。