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为降低多竖(斜)井复杂运营通风系统的能耗,将运营通风多模式转换系统应用于特长公路隧道分段纵向通风中。基于隧道内回路风压平衡和通风网络理论,提出隧道通风模式初拟、极限交通承载量计算、动态化通风模式选择、射流风机台数确定及通风能耗对比优化的通风设计流程,研究多模式通风转换系统的运作方式,对比分析常规分段纵向通风方式和多模式转换通风方式的运营能耗。结果表明,隧道远期设计高峰小时交通量达到最大值3 137 veh/h时,需开启29组射流风机,此时隧道各段风速小于8 m/s;一天中31.25%的时段通过模式1即能满足通风要求,52.08%的时段需要通风模式4才能满足通风要求,多模式转换通风较仅通过模式4进行通风总功率减少20.71%;交通量小于1 726 veh/h时,3#竖井排风量可降低为93 m3/s,隧道内风机总功率可减少37.57%。 相似文献
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文章通过对纳良一乐业二级公路东风1号隧道进行通风计算,并通过数值模拟及成本分析,选定风机类型和风机数量,为同类型隧道通风计算提供参考。 相似文献
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《现代隧道技术》2017,(4)
针对4~7 km长隧道左右线通风负荷不平衡的问题,文章提出了一种新型的隧道通风方式——双洞互补式通风,在左右线隧道之间设置两条换气通道,在下坡隧道内设置富余的射流风机,将下坡隧道富余的新鲜空气通过换气通道送入上坡隧道,稀释上坡隧道污染物浓度;同时将上坡隧道污染空气通过横通道送入下坡隧道,降低下坡隧道内风速,从而使两条隧道内空气质量均能满足卫生标准。文章详细推导了该通风方式的设计理论和计算公式,运用公式对某隧道进行通风优化设计,利用通风网络计算风机配置规模,分析其经济效益。结果表明:采用该通风方式,可以在无需修建通风井的情况下,满足隧道内通风要求,从而减少初期投资和运营管理费用,经济效益显著。研究成果对公路隧道通风方式的选择提供了新的途径。 相似文献
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从公路隧道通风系统的设计着手,对隧道发生火灾时洞内通风系统作用于风流的响应时间及污染物的影响长度进行了分析计算.依据隧道内异常情况的要求,提出了对现有通风系统的设计进行评估的基本思路和方法.根据通风系统灾害情况下不同风流组织的响应时间,对比现有风机的基本性能及运转情况,提出了公路隧道在防灾设计方面的思路及存在的问题,以及"对通风系统的响应需作出明确规定;发生火灾时应慎重考虑风机的反转工况"等建议. 相似文献
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为研究公路隧道双洞互补式通风的适用性,文章基于隧址海拔和温度、隧道长度和纵坡、隧道交通量和交通组成、隧道双洞间距等因素对互补式通风负荷比及通风效果的影响进行计算分析。研究结果表明:当隧道上下行通风负荷比大于1.5或隧道单向纵坡绝对值在1.5%~2.0%之间时,适宜采用互补式通风;隧道长度在4.5~6 km之间时,采用双洞互补式通风最经济实用;交通量和交通组成的影响关系显示隧道大型车混入率在35%~50%之间时宜考虑采用互补式通风;双洞隧道适合采用互补式通风的最小间距为30 m。 相似文献
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现行公路隧道通风设计中考虑CO的海拔高度系数取值主要是针对低海拔隧道,而海拔超过2 200 m的取值均按照线性延伸处理。随着汽车技术水平的不断进步以及西部高海拔公路隧道的不断涌现,考虑CO的海拔高度系数规范取值正确与否值得商榷。文章通过对汽油车各车型CO排放量的现场实测,推导了一种考虑多车型的CO海拔高度系数的计算公式,提供了一种较为准确地计算隧道需风量的可行方法。依托某隧道工程实例,分别采用规范中考虑CO的海拔高度系数值以及考虑多车型CO海拔高度系数修正值来计算该隧道需风量及风机功率。通过对比分析,采用考虑多车型CO海拔高度系数修正值计算的风机功率将显著降低。 相似文献
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乌鞘岭隧道斜井施工通风研究与实施 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
文章以乌鞘岭隧道6#斜井工程为实例,介绍高海拔地区斜井施工通风、采用内燃机械作业和无轨运输的作业方法,设计参考了国内外公路隧道运营通风资料,并按公路隧道运营通风的理论计算通风量。提出了变风量供风的节能原理和管理方法,新研制了大功率(132 kW×2)隧道风机、大直径(1 700)螺旋焊缝软风管。 相似文献
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Pedestrians as compared to vehicular traffic enjoy a high degree freedom of movement even in heavily congested areas. Consequently, there are more alternative links available to pedestrians between a given origin‐destination (O‐D) pair. This paper describes a study done by the University of Calgary to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of route on intra‐CBD trips or trips within the Central Business District (CBD). An origin destination survey conducted in downtown Calgary, Alberta enabled the identification of the most significant factors influencing the choice. These factors were analyzed in relation to the physical characteristics of the location, personal characteristics of the trip maker and the type of the trip. It appears that most people chose the shortest link and factors such as the level of congestion, safety or visual attractions were only secondary. This suggests that the length should be made a major consideration when planning and designing pedestrian links. 相似文献
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《Transportation Research Part A: General》1991,25(6):407-418
The main deficiency of most current modeling approaches to transportation can be identified as neglect of the integration of existing geographical knowledge in regard to the ex ante transport/land use modeling approaches, with its focus on territorial dynamics and theory development. This paper addresses this aspect of the problem by introducing a theoretical and methodological framework for the analysis of the interrelationship between land uses. The analysis attempts to determine to what extent the functional land use in a city can be considered an ordered pattern. The order sought does not rely on purely spatial configurations, but on the correlation of transportation and land use. The first section of this paper focuses on theoretical considerations. It stresses the fact that conventional approaches do not apply in the present context. It then suggests an alternative based on areas of influence and measured in terms of level of attractance of land uses. The second describes a procedure based on this alternative following the remarkable contribution of Hanjoul, Beguin and Thill. An application of this procedure to the analysis of Shanghai is then examined. Finally, an evaluation of the strategies for optimizing the interrelationship between land uses is presented. The paper concludes with a possible research agenda. 相似文献
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明确埋地管道防腐保温层的技术评价标准,对埋地钢质管道的安全运行,延长管道使用寿命具有重要意义。为了对埋地管道防腐保温层做出有效评价,从间接检测与开挖检测2个方面,结合现场检测数据,提出了基于防腐保温层的电流衰减率、绝缘电阻率、质量状况与厚度的分级评价标准及基于4种评价指标的综合评判方法。工程实践表明,该评价标准对防腐保温层是否存在失效能做出有效判断。 相似文献
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介绍了城市轨道交通工程中杂散电流不同的监测系统的构成,分析了集中式、分散式和智能型等监测系统的配置和功能,以及智能型实时在线监测系统的重要意义,为轨道交通工程杂散电流监测系统的选择与应用提供参考。 相似文献
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天然气自动计量系统有多种组态软件,由于软件的不相通性,造成了计量系统数据采集的通用性差、数据传输与入库的时效性差、数据利用的可靠性低.结合各组态软件的实际情况,从设计上充分利用Oracle大数据处理能力以及Partition(分区表)的特性,实现历史数据的存储,应用WebService与COM+数据访问组件提供多层数据访问架构,采用OPC与DDE工业数据交换协议,实现了各站场计量数据的实时上传,为连续数据采集和实时监控提供了可能,节约了改造成本. 相似文献
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Joseph N. Prashker 《Transportation》1979,8(4):329-346
Reliability of travel modes was found to be the most important characteristic of transportation systems in several attitudinal investigations of individual travel behavior. This paper represents the first part of a research effort aimed at gaining a better understanding of the characteristics of reliability of transportation modes in urban travel. In this research, reliability characteristics are identified; their importance relative to each other is assessed, and an insight into possible structure of an objective reliability index is discussed. The research is based on perceived values of reliability, which were identified through a large attitudinal survey conducted in the Chicago metropolitan area. 相似文献
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