济南建邦黄河公路大桥斜拉桥前支点挂篮施工控制

济南建邦黄河公路大桥主桥是一座三塔中央索面斜拉桥,其主梁悬臂施工采用前支点挂篮。从施工控制的角度对该桥前支点挂篮在分段悬臂浇注过程中施工控制涉及的几个方面进行了论述,内容涵盖前支点挂篮施工控制模拟分析、前支点挂篮锚固系统受力的确定、前支点挂篮的就位调整、前支点拉索张拉次数和张拉力的确定以及前支点挂篮变形误差分析等。     

大跨径斜拉桥前支点挂篮改造设计探讨

文章结合针鱼岭大桥工程实例,介绍了大跨径斜拉桥前支点挂篮的改造设计方法,并通过Midas Fea有限元软件对改造后的挂篮系统进行计算分析,验证了该大跨径斜拉桥前支点挂篮的安全性及稳定性,同时提出了挂篮改造注意事项,为前支点挂篮改造设计与施工提供参考。     

施工挂篮改变对PC斜拉桥零号块应力影响及解决方案比选研究

大跨径预应力混凝土斜拉桥施工挂篮按受力形式的不同主要分为前支点牵索挂篮以及后锚点挂篮两种形式,不同的挂篮形式有不同的传力方式,对已建成结构体系的作用力不同,为保证施工安全,应根据桥梁具体结构形式选择合理的施工挂篮,施工过程中更换挂篮将引起一系列的安全问题,本文以一座前支点牵索挂篮施工变更为后锚点挂篮施工的大跨径预应力混凝土斜拉桥为工程背景,研究挂篮变更后对该桥零号块在整个施工过程中的影响,同时探讨为消除这种不利影响提出不同的解决方案,并根据方案的技术难度以及经济性选出最佳解决方案,为类似工程提供参考。     

牵索挂篮悬浇施工技术应用分析

文章结合南宁新外环大冲邕江特大桥工程实例,介绍了牵索(前支点)挂篮的主要结构组成和加工、承载、施工工艺,并提出了主梁标准节段悬浇施工的监控要点。     

超宽多榀后支点挂篮预压技术研究

悬臂浇筑工艺中挂篮常用的预压方式根据力的加载形式可分为均布力加载和集中力加载。无论是何种加载方式,凡是能较好模拟实际浇筑情况,合理地检测挂篮受力性能、消除非弹性变形并测量出阶段立模所需数据的预压方式,均是可以推荐采用的。文章以梧州市扶典口西江特大桥1~#桥为依托工程,介绍了一种利用承台双壁钢围堰反拉挂篮的创新预压方式,并通过有限元计算与观测数据分析,验证了该预压方式应用于超宽多榀后支点挂篮预压施工是可行的。     

江苏泰州新通扬运河大桥主桥设计

新通扬运河大桥主桥为主跨达185m的独塔单索面混凝土梁斜拉桥,单箱五室斜腹板截面,桥宽35.5m,采用后支点挂篮悬臂预制拼装施工方案。通过介绍该桥的设计、施工和计算要点,可为类似工程项目提供参考与借鉴。     

下承式施工挂篮设计研究

文章从挂篮主梁设计、挂篮结构设计、挂篮荷载试验检测、挂篮应用等方面,阐述了挂篮设计理论,并将设计的挂篮应用于某桥梁建设施工中,取得了良好的施工效果,验证了所提出的挂篮设计理论的合理性,可为类似施工提供参考。     

超宽连续刚构悬臂施工挂篮仿真分析

文章结合竹洲大桥三角形挂篮悬臂浇注施工实例,采用Midas Civil计算软件对该挂篮进行空间仿真分析,验算了不同工况下挂篮结构的应力分布、变形情况,有利地保证了超宽挂篮设计及施工中的结构安全,为今后同类型挂篮设计与施工提供计算分析依据。     

北盘江大桥主梁挂篮悬浇施工技术

对北盘江大桥主梁挂篮悬浇施工中挂篮的设计、挂篮拼装及吊装的方案、各主梁号段的施工进行了分析,并提出了主梁挂篮施工中应注意的问题,可供同行参考与借鉴。     

悬臂挂篮施工过程中数字化精准监测及反力架高效预压施工技术的研究及应用

挂篮是悬臂法浇筑混凝土梁体时用于承受梁体自重及施工荷载的特殊设计工艺设备,为解决液压架体受力和位移没有量化精确管控的问题,组织开展了《悬臂挂篮反力架高效预压及施工过程数字化精准监测技术研究》,开发了挂篮施工数字化实时精准监测及挂篮反力架高效预压施工技术,通过液压架体施工数字化精准智能控制系统,实现悬臂浇筑施工过程中对变形和内力进行动态控制的数字化双控,解决桥梁常规施工监控测量的位移监测结果单一且数据采集与挂篮施工过程不同步的弊端,规避悬臂挂篮施工过程中爬架不均匀堆载或超载造成爬架倾斜甚至坍塌的风险。     

The changing face of parking-related data collection and analysis: The role of new technologies

Current trends in requirements for parking related information and in the availability of data are reviewed. Important influences include the increased need for data to assist in the efficient operation and management of parking stock and to assess the impact of parking on the local network and economy. New sources of data are described, particular attention being given to the availability of data as a byproduct of parking management systems and computerised enforcement systems. The use and performance of audio, video and data loggers in parking surveys is discussed as is the role of computers in questionnaire surveys. New methods of analysis involving spreadsheets, graphics and analysis software, links with databases and simulation models are outlined.     

Port Economics,Policy and Management: Content Classification and Survey

This paper presents a taxonomy and analysis of the content of published research in port economics, policy and management (port studies). The recent increase of these publications suggests a growing interest in the study of ports. However, the research characteristics and directions of this research field are unidentified. This paper provides a systematic analysis of port studies published during the period 1997–2008. A comprehensive cross-citation and analysis of the themes, approaches and findings of all 395 relevant journal papers identifies the extent to which the research field is maturing, and the leading papers. This paper also presents an extensive analysis of the content, based on the classification of all port studies into seven research themes. For each theme, research topics, widely used research questions, concepts and research methods and the most important research findings are discussed. Finally, we identify emerging research challenges and research questions that still need to be answered.     

Traveler delay costs and value of time with trip chains, flexible activity scheduling and information

The delay costs of traffic disruptions and congestion and the value of travel time reliability are typically evaluated using single trip scheduling models, which treat the trip in isolation of previous and subsequent trips and activities. In practice, however, when activity scheduling to some extent is flexible, the impact of delay on one trip will depend on the actual and predicted travel time on itself as well as other trips, which is important to consider for long-lasting disturbances and when assessing the value of travel information. In this paper we extend the single trip approach into a two trips chain and activity scheduling model. Preferences are represented as marginal activity utility functions that take scheduling flexibility into account. We analytically derive trip timing optimality conditions, the value of travel time and schedule adjustments in response to travel time increases. We show how the single trip models are special cases of the present model and can be generalized to a setting with trip chains and flexible scheduling. We investigate numerically how the delay cost depends on the delay duration and its distribution on different trips during the day, the accuracy of delay prediction and travel information, and the scheduling flexibility of work hours. The extension of the model framework to more complex schedules is discussed.     

International private and public reinforcing dependencies for the innovation of automotive emission control systems in Japan and USA

In the beginning of the 1970s, the economies of USA and Japan were growing fast and environmental pollution was increasing to alarming levels. As passenger car emissions were found to be significant and rapidly increasing, their reduction was specially targeted. Following a bill passed by US Congress in 1968, requirements were set in 1970 for the vehicle manufacturers to reduce the emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC) with 90% by 1975, and nitrogen oxides (NO_x) with 90% by 1976. These requirements were soon adapted to the Japanese regulatory framework, and were known in both countries as the “Muskie Act” or “Muskie Law” after the senator who developed the original bill.The new requirements spurred tremendous research and development efforts. Car manufacturers and research institutions in USA, Japan and Europe investigated and developed alternative solutions, including gas turbine and steam engine vehicles. California, the USA state with the most severe air quality problems and the only state at the time allowed to establish more strict requirements than federal regulation, established requirements implying the use of oxidation catalysts in 1975 and three-way catalysts (TWC’s) in 1977. Japan as a nation adopted similar requirements 1976 and 1978. Export of cars from Japan to USA increased rapidly. The rest of USA adopted emission standards similar to California’s only in 1981, timing USA vehicle sales rebound after the energy crisis and grave economic downturn. Strict requirements were thus established only after more than a decade of civic and legal processes between federal authorities, the car manufacturers and NGO’s.The history of vehicle development is one of cooperation and competition. This paper argues that the international cooperation on different levels of society (government, industry and science) together with commercial competition between the two countries was strong, continuous and instrumental in enabling the development of technology, appropriate regulation and infrastructural changes and thus created a market for cleaner cars and effectively reduced emissions from the growing vehicle fleet. In other words, the introduction of TWCs was reinforced by the simultaneous development of mitigating technology in two car producing countries competing for market space.     

Optimization of bus stop locations for improving transit accessibility

A mathematical model is developed in this paper to improve the accessibility of a bus service. To formulate the optimization model, a segment of a bus route is given, on which a number of demand entry points are distributed realistically. The objective total cost function (i.e. the sum of supplier and user costs) is minimized by optimizing the number and locations of stops, subject to non‐additive users' value of time. A numerical example is designed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method thus developed to optimize the bus stop location problem. The sensitivity of the total cost to various parameters (e.g. value of users' time, access speed, and demand density) and the effect of the parameters on the optimal stop locations are analyzed and discussed.     

Integrated modeling of car/motorcycle ownership, type and usage for estimating energy consumption and emissions

Devising effective management strategies to relieve dependency on private vehicles, i.e. cars and motorcycles, depends on the ability to accurately and carefully examine the effects of corresponding strategies. Disaggregate choice models regarding the ownership, type and usage of cars and motorcycles are required to achieve this. Consequently, this study proposes integrated car and motorcycle models based on a large-scale questionnaire survey of Taiwanese owners of cars and motorcycles, respectively. Incorporating gas mileage and emission coefficients for different types of cars and motorcycles into the proposed models can enable the estimation and comparison of reductions in energy consumption and emissions under various management strategies. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed integrated models, scenarios involving 10% and 30% increases in gas prices are analyzed and compared. The results indicate that gas price elasticities of cars and motorcycles are low, ranging from 0.47 to 0.50 for cars and 0.11 for motorcycles. Additionally, a high ratio of discouraged car users shifting to use of motorcycles neutralizes the effects of increased gas price in reducing energy consumption and emissions. Pollution of CO and HC even slightly increased because motorcycles are much more polluting in terms of CO and HC. At last, the reductions of energy consumption and emissions under 10% and 30% increase (or decrease) in other manipulating variables are also estimated and compared. The countermeasures for reducing ownership and usage of cars and motorcycles are then recommended accordingly.     

Development of computerized vehicle scheduling system for specialized transportation: delaware case

A computer‐aided vehicle scheduling system is developed for Delaware's state‐wide specialized transportation system for elderly and handicapped persons. This paper presents the model, computer program package, system implementation, evaluation and the lessons learned from the project. The project which spanned two and a half years consists of five phases: (1) examine the manual method of vehicle scheduling (prior to the computerization); (2) develop a scheduling model; (3) develop a computer program package for the operation of the model; (4) install and operate the system; and (5) evaluate the system performance. The scheduling model consolidates passengers by block of time, origin and destination zones and along the direction of vehicle travel, first; second, minimizes the empty vehicle travel; and, lastly, assigns drivers to route considering assignment priority among the types of drivers and passengers. The product of the model is a set of driver log‐sheets which specify the sequence of passenger pick‐ups and drop‐offs. The computer program package includes necessary auxiliary data management functions such as registration of trip reservation, operating statistics and parameter value changes, as well as the execution of the model. It also allows the dispatcher to override the computer generated log‐sheet based on his discretion. The system has been operational for more than one year and it has brought about a number of changes in the operation and the role of the dispatcher. A before‐and‐after comparison of the operation and the lessons learned are also shown.     

Research on a Calculation Method for the Damage Evaluation of the Existing Urban Tunnel Lining Structure北大核心CSCD

The operation safety of the public transport is seriously threaten by the occurrence of defects and damages in existing urban tunnels, which affects the quality of traffic, and will shorten the service life of urban tunnels. Therefore, it is of great significance to evaluate the damages of the tunnel lining structure quickly and accurately. The damage evaluation methods of the existing urban tunnel lining structure are investigated and analyzed in this paper, and a combination method of the macroscopic evaluation of the existing damaged urban tunnel and the damage mechanism of the lining structural material is proposed. Among them, the assessment method specified in the national criterion is selected to evaluate the damages of the lining structure for the macroscopic evaluation, and the classification of tunnel health levels is optimized. Meanwhile, the damage modulus based on the elastic modulus is selected, and the concept of elastic modulus reduction rate is introduced for the mechanism of damage. Furthermore, the assumed function relationship between the health level and the damage degree of existing urban tunnels is proposed and established, which provides a new idea for structural damage assessment of existing urban tunnels. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

The Concept and Practice of Treatment for Damage in Railway Tunnel Linings Caused by High-pressure Karst Water北大核心CSCD

In recent years, railway tunnels in karst areas have frequently suffered flooding after high-intensity rainfall, which seriously affects the safety of tunnel operation and the order of transportation, and even interrupts the traffic. Based on the water hazard case in the Yuanbaoshan Tunnel on the Zhijin-Bijie Railway Line, this paper explores the causes of lining damage in terms of geology, rainfall, and the design and construction of water hazard sections, and puts forward the treatment technology for tunnel water hazards with the core concept of "making full use of existing structures and employing open drainage methods in key sections". Besides, this paper simulates and analyzes the formation of hazards and the treatment effect through numerical simulation. The results show that the subjective causes for the damage in tunnel linings include an insufficient understanding of the water-bearing formations at the geological investigation stage, the underestimation of water hazard risks posed by high-intensity rainfall during construction, and the unimproved waterproof and drainage system in the design alteration, while the objective reasons include the development of karst near the tunnel section that passes through the stratum, the strong connectivity of water conduits, and the high-intensity rainfall in a certain period of time on the tunnel site. As for the simulation results, they show that the increase of external water pressure caused by the sudden rise in groundwater level after rainstorm significantly increases the internal force of linings, and eventually leads to a much lower safety factor of sidewall linings and large scale damage, which is in consistency with the characteristics of the actual on-site damage. After on-site emergency treatment, the tunnel structure has become stable and even encountering unprecedentedly heavy rainfall twice, the tunnel has still remained in a good condition. Since then, no water hazards and other disasters have occurred, which proves that the treatment plan is valid. © 2022, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

The quality of survey data: Telephone versus face-to-face interviews

Those designing surveys and producing data have always been concerned about its quality. The increasing stringency of the financial constraints which affect public authorities and the increased scope of involvement in the regulation of urban travel has led us to pay even greater attention to the quality of data. This issue is frequently covered in the literature on survey methods. However, comparisons between different survey methods are more rarely conducted. The decision to conduct such an analysis is partly the result of the development of telephone use to the detriment of other survey modes in many countries and also the development of Computer-Aided Telephone Interviewing (CATI) which facilitates the running and monitoring of the survey.This paper examines several aspects of this question in order to compare the performance of telephone and face-to-face interviews. The first aspect is the representativeness of the sample, and therefore relates mainly to the issue of nonresponses and the choice of a sample base. The second concerns the accuracy of the information and involves the choice of a survey area and the recording of all trips, including short-distance travel. Finally, the quality of data is obviously determined by the quality of the responses given by those interviewed.The answers we give frequently depend on the objective of the surveys, which leads us to put forward a table which summarizes the performance of telephone and face-to-face interviews on the basis of the main objective of the survey. Broadly, the telephone seems to be the favoured tool for surveys in the area of transport planning and surveys which aim to provide data for forecasting models, mostly on the grounds of cost. However, face-to-face techniques are often preferred for surveys which aim to discover and analyze the factors which explain individual travel behaviour.