广佛交通一体化问题分析与对策研究

本文通过对广佛都市圈在珠三角城市圈的特殊地位分析,得出实现广佛交通一体化的必要性;针对广佛目前的交通现状问题,提出了广佛一体化的交通发展目标与任务,探讨了建构一体化交通的策略方案。     

市域交通一体化规划研究实践——以沈阳市为例

为适应新型城镇化背景下市域范围内的交通出行需求,沈阳市域综合交通体系规划在分析市域交通出行特征和城镇体系结构的基础上,引入了自下而上的分层规划技术方法,建立了市域分级道路网系统、市域分级公交网系统、市域公交枢纽系统,并提出市域交通一体化的实施策略,将规划成果纳入城市建设项目库中。实践表明,自下而上的分层规划设计方法不仅能实现市域交通的一体化规划设计,更能保证市域交通规划成果的逐层实施。规划研究成果和方法将为沈阳市域其它基础设施规划和其它城市的同类规划提供有益借鉴。     

交通、区域与城市发展中的土地协调问题

本文通过考察一些国家或地区处理交通发展与城市发展中的土地关系的经验,结论之一是交通发展用地决策对于协调交通发展、区域开发和城市发展具有杠杆作用,之二是提高土地使用的总体效率,促进空间的可持续发展,必须整合交通发展、区域开发与城市发展的空间规划,提出一体化规划纲领,制定适应性的协调工具。     

区域交通一体化规划整合模式框架

本文在界定区域交通一体化、区域交通整合等内涵,明确区域交通一体化规划整合的理论基础、原则、具体准则和决策层次内容的基础上,提出区域交通规划整合的思路模型与方案模型,构建区域交通一体化规划整合模式框架,为区域交通一体化规划整合提供理论与方法的支持。     

新型城镇化背景下交通运输发展思路与重点

为适应和引导城镇化健康发展,我国交通运输应在完善区际骨干网络的基础上,重点发展城市群交通网络,同时注重都市圈交通网络建设,在大中城市切实落实公交优先,加快小城镇交通改善,推动城乡交通一体化,构建区际、城际、城市和城乡四位一体的综合交通运输网络。     

新时期城市综合交通体系发展的理念和思路

随着社会现代化进程的不断加快,城镇化步伐带动城市基础设施也在日趋完善。我国新型城镇化的快速发展,对城市综合交通体系提出了更高的要求。针对当前城市综合交通体系中存在的问题进行了深入剖析,总结出新形势下城市综合交通发展的趋势,提出与"以人为本"新型城镇化发展相适应的城市综合交通规划体系发展思路,以期实现交通资源的有效配置,促进城乡一体化综合交通体系构建目的。     

城市综合交通一体化枢纽布设研究

土地和交通的供需矛盾和各种交通方式之间恶性竞争已经成为阻碍许多城市交通可持续发展的重大问题。为了解决这个问题，1998年英国交通部提出从综合交通一体化的角度解决该问题，首次发布一体化交通白皮书，并成立一体化交通协会专门从事英国城市一体化交通的研究，取得了一定的成果。2002年，上海市发布了《上海市城市交通白皮书》，进一步明确了上海交通一体化发展策略，     

基于城市轨道交通衔接规划的方法研究

文章在调研广州轨道交通衔接规划开展情况的基础上,分析广州轨道交通衔接的必要性及轨道交通衔接规划的主要研究内容,提出了衔接方式一体化、区域差别化及站点功能层级化等交通衔接规划的研究方法,为其他城市开展轨道交通衔接规划研究提供参考。     

低碳生态视角下哈尔滨市绿色交通及可持续发展对策研究

随着城市化和机动化的快速发展,出现了交通拥堵、交通安全及交通污染等一系列问题。为了缓解这些问题及推动哈尔滨市低碳生态城市建设,发展绿色交通已经迫在眉睫。本文在分析了哈尔滨市交通发展状况基础上,主要从构建一体化公共交通系统、自行车及步行慢行系统等五个方面探讨了哈尔滨市绿色交通及可持续发展对策。     

国外现代有轨电车系统发展经验与启示

当前现代有轨电车的发展在我国方兴未艾。本文选取了墨尔本、哥德堡、伦敦卫星城Croydon、巴黎等多个国外典型城市的现代有轨电车系统,总结各城市在规划、建设和运营等方面的发展经验,并在此基础上进一步探讨了以上外国城市发展经验对当前及今后我国现代有轨电车建设发展的启示和借鉴意义。本文提出,在现代有轨电车的规划阶段,应考虑本系统内不同线路之间资源共享便利性,及有轨电车与不同交通系统之间的便捷衔接;在设计建设阶段可以考虑利用既有的铁路轨道,节约成本、减少建设周期;在运营阶段应借鉴公交运营模式实现对乘客的高效服务、缓解交通压力。     

Resilience and accessibility of Swedish and Dutch municipalities

Recent years have shown a rising popularity of the concept of resilience—both theoretically and empirically—in complex systems analysis. There is also a rising literature on resilience in the transport and spatial-economic field. The pluriform interpretation of resilience (e.g., engineering vs. ecological resilience) is related to methodological differences (e.g., stability in dynamics vs. evolutionary adaptivity). But in all cases the fundamental question is whether a complex system that is subjected to an external shock is able to recover, and if so, to which extent. The present paper [Based on presentation from cluster 6 (Accessibility) of the Nectar 2015 conference in Ann Arbour, USA.] aims to add a new dimension to resilience analysis in spatial systems, by addressing in particular the relationship between spatial accessibility at a municipality level and the resilience outcomes of the spatial system concerned. It does so by investigating to which extent accessibility of Swedish and Dutch municipalities has mitigated the local shock absorption from the recent economic recession. In our study the shock absorption capacity of municipal accessibility is estimated by analysing the relevant resilience indicators for the period concerned. In this context, conventional resilience indicators based on either multivariate complex data (in particular, the Foster Resilience Capacity Index) or employment data (in particular, the Martin Resilience-Employment Index) are confronted with spatial connectivity data based on local accessibility measures, so that geographical mobility may be regarded as one of the shock-mitigating factors. The empirical analysis is carried out for two countries which have both proven to be rather shock-resistant during the recent economic crisis, viz. Sweden and The Netherlands. Clearly, the geographical structure of these countries forms a sharp mutual contrast, viz. a spatially dispersed economy with a few distinct urban concentrations versus a spatially dense economy with one major metropolitan centre (the Randstad), respectively. Our experiments are carried out for the 290 municipalities in Sweden and 40 COROPs in The Netherlands. Our research findings show relevant and new insights into differences in the local recovery potential in Sweden and The Netherlands.     

铁路隧道防排水现状与思考

文章针对铁路隧道的防排水现状,指出了目前在防排水设计与施工中存在的问题和难点,并进行了具体分析,在防水类型的选择、地下水处理、衬砌外围结构防水、内衬砌防水等方面提出了铁路隧道防排水的措施和建议。     

材料节约与循环利用专项行动计划技术成果简介

当前,加快建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会已提升为国家战略。交通运输部为加快建设资源节约型、环境友好型交通,组织开展了“材料节约与循环利用专项行动计划”。通过专项行动大力推广路面再生技术、废胎胶粉筑路应用技术、机制砂混凝土技术以及聚合物改性水泥混凝土技术等西部交通建设科技项目成果,以为交通建设资源的高效利用和循环使用提供示范。本刊现以专栏形式介绍上述成果的相关内容,以飨读者。     

Modeling and analysis of mixed flow of cars and powered two wheelers

In modern cities, a rapid increase of motorcycles and other types of Powered Two-Wheelers (PTWs) is observed as an answer to long commuting in traffic jams and complex urban navigation. Such increasing penetration rate of PTWs creates mixed traffic flow conditions with unique characteristics that are not well understood at present. Our objective is to develop an analytical traffic flow model that reflects the mutual impacts of PTWs and Cars. Unlike cars, PTWs filter between cars, have unique dynamics, and do not respect lane discipline, therefore requiring a different modeling approach than traditional “Passenger Car Equivalent” or “Follow the Leader”. Instead, this work follows an approach that models the flow of PTWs similarly to a fluid in a porous medium, where PTWs “percolate” between cars depending on the gap between them.Our contributions are as follows: (I) a characterization of the distribution of the spacing between vehicles by the densities of PTWs and cars; (II) a definition of the equilibrium speed of each class as a function of the densities of PTWs and cars; (III) a mathematical analysis of the model’s properties (IV) an impact analysis of the gradual penetration of PTWs on cars and on heterogeneous traffic flow characteristics.The proposed model could contribute as an enabler for ‘PTW-aware’ future Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems technologies and traffic regulations.     

油气管道的腐蚀与防护技术研究

国内大多数油田在开采过程中,油井伴生气通常含有成分不等的CO2、H2S等腐蚀性气体,同时由于油气集输系统也不可能完全密闭,造成大气中的O2等腐蚀性气体进入油气生产系统,因此油气生产系统存在的腐蚀类型多种多样。针对油气管道的腐蚀现状,简要综述了CO2腐蚀、H2S腐蚀、氧腐蚀机理及其影响因素。并在此基础上介绍了阴极保护技术、耐蚀材料防腐技术、工程防腐技术、化学防腐技术等几种国内外常用的防腐措施。     

高速公路改扩建工程水土保持监测与评价

开展水土流失监测是水土保持监管的重要手段。文章以广西沿海高速公路改扩建工程一期工程水土保持监测实践为例,分析了工程建设水土流失特点,介绍了水土保持监测技术和方法,并通过对工程实例监测结果的分析评价,提出了水土保持监测工作中易出现的问题及相应的解决方案。     

Characterisation of and reflections on the synergy of bicycles and public transport

The bicycle is often understood as a disjointed ‘feeder’ mode that provides access to public transport. We argue that combined use of the bicycle and public transport should be understood in a broader perspective, especially where bicycles link to higher speed and higher capacity public transport, such as the train. Cycling and public transport can have a symbiotic relationship forming a hybrid, distinct transport mode, which should be reflected in transport planning. The bicycle is as a way to soften the rigid nature of public transport and thus accommodate diverse individual travel needs and situations. Public transport can be seen as a means to dramatically extend cycling’s speed and spatial reach. We combine a system perspective with conceptual analysis to explore how, why and when this reconsideration is important. We use the Netherlands as illustrative case because of the relative maturity of its bicycle–train connections. The case shows that the synergy between rather opposite yet highly complementary aspects, high speed of the train, high accessibility of the bicycle and flexibility in combining both sub-modes, are the fundamental characteristics to understand the functioning of this system in a wider spatial context. In our conclusion we propose a research agenda, to further explore the relevance of this system for land-use and transport planning and distil wider implications for the international debate.     

公交支付方式及其效率调查分析

智能系统的广泛使用,带来了移动支付的普及。公交支付在传统IC卡和现金支付的基础上,加入了云闪付和二维码支付。为探究移动支付对公交支付效率的影响,基于杭州市公交发展现状,制定了公交支付情况的调查方案。通过对所选10、93、97公交线路的早、晚高峰和平峰的三天实地调查,采集视频数据并使用SPSS进行定量统计分析,发现公交乘客刷卡占62%、二维码占27%、云闪付占6%、现金占5%。当乘客提前做好准备时,刷卡支付时间为1.29 s,低于云闪付的1.42 s和二维码的1.65 s,而未准备好时用时分别为6.74 s、10.94 s、8.54 s。通过相关性和多元线性回归分析得出"提前拿卡"、"上车掏卡"、"提前开二维码"和"上车开二维码"四种支付方式对公交停留时间延长的影响最大。     

油气储运行业管道机器人发展现状与展望

针对管道机器人国内外发展现状,对研究最多的几类管道机器人,如蠕动式机器人、轮式管道机器人、无缆管道机器人的运动原理进行介绍,指出各自的优缺点。最后,结合油气管输行业现状,对管道机器人实用化的关键技术及发展方向行探讨。