基于轨道交通的区域枢纽机场可达性研究——以杭州萧山机场为例

随着长三角经济一体化的发展,区域轨道网络日趋完善,为扩大区域枢纽机场的腹地提供了良好的机遇。为了定量研究轨道交通对区域枢纽机场可达性的影响,以杭州萧山机场为例,利用ArcGIS和改进的交通成本加权平均值法,从市域和区域两个方面,对基于轨道交通的机场可达性进行分析。结果表明,基于轨道交通的机场有效服务范围能够覆盖所在城市大部分地区;加强机场与区域轨道网络的衔接,有利于提升机场的可达性,扩大辐射范围。     

国际都市圈多层次轨道交通融合发展经验及启示

多层次轨道交通融合发展成为都市圈一体化发展的重要载体。本文对巴黎、柏林-勃兰登堡、东京、纽约等国际都市圈的轨道交通网络进行系统介绍，总结多层次轨道融合发展经验。基于上述分析，提出对我国都市圈轨道系统在线网层次、枢纽体系、运营组织、技术标准等方面的启示和建议。     

“十四五”轨道交通融合发展思考

京津冀、长三角等区域正在建设多层级轨道交通系统,结合国内外轨道交通引领城市发展经验,展望十四五时期北京轨道交通融合发展目标。从规划、建设、运营各阶段,简述轨道内部四网融合的重要关注点。综合轨道内外关系,从满足通勤需求和引导城市发展两个方面,以网络层面提出轨道融合发展思考,从既有线改造和运营管理提升两个方面,以线路层面提出轨道融合发展思考,从交通枢纽和轨道微中心两个切入点,以站点和区域层面提出轨道融合发展思考。基于北京市十四五时期交通发展建设规划,结合北京市具体建设项目,从点线网各层面思考十四五时期轨道融合发展的经验及预期成效,展望远景2035年的发展方向。     

深莞惠都市圈道路网一体化发展对策研究

本文从都市圈一体化发展的角度,分析了深圳、东莞、惠州三地道路网发展现状、三市经济一体化和综合运输发展趋势,从完善一体化道路网基础设施、加强交通组织管理、提升综合服务能力、统一公路与城市道路的管理机构、健全道路网一体化法规政策等方面提出了深莞惠都市圈道路网一体化发展对策建议。     

轨道交通在区域城市中的规划与应用研究

随着我国经济的增长,地区间人员和物资往来愈发频繁,对交通的需求日益增加,城镇化步伐在加快,都市圈和城市群逐步形成,轨道交通在区域城市的发展中扮演着越来越重要的角色。作为城市建设的子系统,轨道交通自其诞生以来,就以其大运量、快捷、环保等特点服务并引领着城市的规划发展,推动着区域经济的发展,建立适合区域城市发展相匹配的交通体系日益成为当前城市建设重要的一环。本文从供需角度,分析了区域城市发展对轨道交通的影响因素和不同轨道交通制式、模式特点,提出了区域城市建设与轨道交通规划协调发展的若干观点,并对区域轨道交通的未来做出了展望。     

区域轨道交通多制式复合网络连通特性研究

网络系统的连通性是其可靠性、可达性的基本前提。在轨道交通“四网融合”战略背景下，分析了区域轨道交通多制式复合网络连通度影响因素；从系统中观层面，分析了区域轨道交通多制式复合网络连通度的内涵；提出了区域轨道交通多制式复合网络的连通性的计算步骤并给出了计算实例。用连通性对区域轨道交通多制式复合网络的结构和功能进行分析和评价，能够判别路网互联互通的程度，可为网络规划设计及运营管理提供参考。     

上海大都市圈多层次轨道交通协同发展策略探索

上海大都市圈是都市圈向城市群发展过程中，由于区域内行政壁垒逐渐破除、区域内城市发展不平衡及轨道交通快速发展等原因催化下的一种新型城市空间形态，具有地域范围更广、圈内城市组团更多、空间结构更复杂等特点。上海大都市圈内部划分为城市中心区、大都市圈外围区和大都市圈扩展区，结合都市圈的出行需求和轨道交通的技术特征，分析得到都市圈层面的轨道交通出行需由城际铁路与市域铁路共同承担。其中，市域铁路是多层次轨道交通融合发展的桥梁，具备与城际铁路跨线运营条件的市域铁路应重点考虑与城际铁路融合。最后，从功能互补、制度配合、服务一体、信息共享4个角度为上海大都市圈内多层次轨道交通的协同发展提出建议。     

天津市城市交通发展模式选择

一、世界城市交通发展模式城市交通发展模式与城市空间发展形态有很大的关系,纵观国内外大城市的交通发展,主要有以下几种模式。1、强中心模式这类城市一般历史较为悠久,是一个国家或地区的政治、经济和文化中心,具有较强的经济和产业的积聚和辐射功能,对外交通发达,商业、产业和人口比较集中,城市规模较大,居民生活、工作及学习的范围较大,高度中心化现象严重。伦敦、巴黎、纽约、东京、北京、上海等城市都具有这种特性。目前解决这类强中心城市的交通较为成功的模式是:轨道交通网络 限制型交通,即建立一个容量很大、站距短、车次多、密布…     

国外都市圈轨道交通互联互通运营对我国的启示

轨道交通互联互通网络化运营是我国都市圈公共交通发展的必然趋势。我国应充分汲取国外都市圈轨道交通互联互通网络化运营的相关技术和丰富经验,提高未来我国都市圈轨道交通服务水平和运输效益。本文通过简析互联互通网络化运营的理念、目标和基本条件,深入总结东京、伦敦、巴黎等都市圈轨道交通互联互通的线网体系和运营模式方面的特点,提出我国都市圈在合理构建轨道交通线网体系和灵活选择运输组织方式两方面的建议,以促进互联互通技术在我国轨道交通网络化运营方面的良性发展。     

上海市域铁路车站换乘客流组织研究——以机场联络线为例

上海市域铁路网包括新建市域铁路和利用既有铁路改建的市域铁路，根据上海市域铁路与城市轨道交通、都市圈城际铁路的融合发展情况，从线网规划、客流特征、票务系统等方面梳理多层次轨道交通方式间换乘的影响因素，并以上海市域铁路为主体，分析其与其他轨道交通方式间换乘的特点及方式。最后以机场联络线为例，总结机场联络线各站换乘情况，并根据不同类型的客流特点提出相应的客流组织方案。     

A tale of two cities

Land use and transportation mutually affect each other. Unfortunately, most transportation decision making procedures assume that public agencies cannot shape future land use patterns, and that past land use practices unswervingly determine future conditions. In A Tale of Two Cities, the author surveys the correlations between land use policies and travel behavior in two Oregon cities (Portland and Hillsboro).Building on successes the City of Portland has achieved in reducing reliance on the automobile, the author outlines a recent project by 1000 Friends of Oregon, titled Making the Land Use, Transportation, Air Quality Connection (LUTRAQ). According to the author, the purpose of LUTRAQ is to replicate Portland's approach in a more suburban context. Specifically, LUTRAQ is attempting to develop a realistic land use/transportation/demand management alternative to a proposed new bypass freeway and to accurately measure that alternative for its effects on travel demand, land use, air quality, climate change, and other indices. Although LUTRAQ is a project in progress, the author provides preliminary information that suggests the alternative successfully reduces demand for single occupancy automobile travel.     

贝雷钢便桥架设法

贝雷钢便桥在高速公路施工中应用广泛,架设型式多样。跨顾圩河便桥中支墩采用钢板基础,依靠通车后荷载使支墩稳定,同时采用非标组装贝雷主桁,上承式结构,安全、经济、合理,是贝雷钢便桥架设的好型式。     

A survey of road pricing

Road Pricing has an established history in the literature of transport economics and has attracted the intermittent attention of policy-makers for many years. The theory has been refined and developed as economists have relaxed the simplifying assumptions of their early work. This paper brings together the wide-ranging literature on road pricing, drawing not only on the standard economic sources but also material that has appeared in the engineering and planning literature. The theory is set in the context of both empirical evidence of the practical viability of road pricing and the political-legal environment in which it must gain acceptance.     

A dynamic marketing model for hybrid electric vehicles: A case study of Taiwan

This study uses an integrated model utilizing a small-world network and choice-based conjoint adoption model to examine the dynamics of consumer choice and diffusion in the hybrid electric vehicles market. It specifically compares the effectiveness of hybrid diffusion through the traditional word of mouth and via social media. The results show that without the advantage of increased gasoline prices, the growth of the hybrid vehicles market is insignificant, and that the Internet has a significant influence on the word of mouth effect in the purchasing process. Hybrid electric vehicles market shares decrease dramatically as a result of negative word of mouth communication via social media. The use of a higher fuel taxes is more effective than providing a subsidy for disposing of old vehicles and purchasing a hybrid.     

A study of human mobility behavior dynamics: A perspective of a single vehicle with taxi

In this paper, we first research on the distance distribution of human mobility with single vehicle based on the driving data from a taxi company in South China. Different from conventional exponential distribution, we discover the mobility distance with taxi follows power-law distribution. Further, we proposed a model which may explain the mechanism for the power-law distribution: mobility distance is constrained by time and fare. Specifically, the relationship between fare and mobility distance follows piecewise function, and responds to individual sensitivity; the relationship between time and mobility distance follows significant logarithmic relationship. These two factors, especially the logarithmic relationship between time and mobility distance, may contribute to a power-law distribution instead of an exponential one. Finally, with a simulation model, we verify the significant power-law distribution of human mobility behavioral distance with a single vehicle, by supplementing factors of waiting time and fare.     

A Review of Transport Noise Indicators

The different approaches to noise impact assessment adopted by the individual countries and the scientific community have led to the development of a certain number of indicators, mainly focused on specific transport modes. However, in practice, technicians and decision-makers alike may fail to identify the most appropriate indicators, if they have no specific expertise on environmental noise. This paper presents a review of the main transport noise indicators, both the general acoustic ones and those used for specific transport modes. A critical analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of these indicators is provided, as well as a section discussing the framework in which they work, and suggestions for their best use, aimed at assisting decision-makers to ascertain their role in the evaluation process of the transport systems. To this extent, a classification is proposed, supplemented by the DPSIR (driving forces, pressures, states, impacts, responses) approach, in an effort to assess the cause–effect relationship between society and the environment. Decision-makers will also gain insight into the prioritization of the use of the existing indicators in accordance to their own needs, as well as advice on the joint use of socioeconomic variables to fully support their decisions.     

A dynamic analysis of travel demand

A panel data set is analysed with the goal of identifying patterns of change in the use of various modes of transport. The data set, which represents a national sample of the Netherlands, is comprised of over 2000 individuals surveyed in three waves six months apart in 1984 and 1985. The data were processed in the form of categorical variables depicting use or non-use of each mode at each wave and were analysed using log-linear models. Results indicated that there were significant patterns of change for all of the modes studied. Some of these patterns were interpreted as representing seasonality, while others were interpreted as representing more fundamental adjustments in travel behavior.     

A family of macroscopic node models

The family of macroscopic node models which comply to a set of basic requirements is presented and analysed. Such models are required in macro-, mesoscopic traffic flow models, including dynamic network loading models for dynamic traffic assignment. Based on the behaviour of drivers approaching and passing through intersections, the model family is presented. The headway and the turn delay of vehicles are key variables. Having demand and supply as input creates a natural connection to macroscopic link models. Properties like the invariance principle and the conservation of turning fractions are satisfied. The inherent non-uniqueness is analysed by providing the complete set of feasible solutions. The node models proposed by Tampère et al. (2011), Flötteröd and Rohde (2011) and Gibb (2011) are members of the family. Furthermore, two new models are added to the family. Solution methods for all family members are presented, as well as a qualitative and quantitative comparison. Finally, an outlook for the future development of empirically verified models is given.     

驾驶疲劳监测方法综述

随着国民经济的发展,汽车持有量的增加,交通事故也成为交通事业发展的一个严峻挑战。针对这些情况,车辆驾驶安全技术的研究取得了很大发展。文章从驾驶疲劳的研究现状、驾驶疲劳研究存在的问题等方面对驾驶疲劳监测方法进行了综述性研究,着重对基于机器视觉的驾驶疲劳监测方法进行了研究,为驾驶疲劳的检测技术的开展提供了参考。     

A portfolio theory of route choice

Although many individual route choice models have been proposed to incorporate travel time variability as a decision factor, they are typically still deterministic in the sense that the optimal strategy requires choosing one particular route that maximizes utility. In contrast, this study introduces an individual route choice model where choosing a portfolio of routes instead of a single route is the best strategy for a rational traveler who cares about both journey time and lateness when facing stochastic network conditions. The proposed model is compared with UE and SUE models and the difference in both behavioral foundation and model characteristics is highlighted. A numerical example is introduced to demonstrate how such model can be used in traffic assignment problem. The model is then tested with GPS data collected in metropolitan Minneapolis–St. Paul, Minnesota. Our data suggest there is no single dominant route (defined here as a route with the shortest travel time for a 15 day period) in 18% of cases when links travel times are correlated. This paper demonstrates that choosing a portfolio of routes could be the rational choice of a traveler who wants to optimize route decisions under variability.