关节内注射川芎嗪对兔膝关节软骨退变的影响

目的观察川芎嗪关节腔内注射对骨关节炎过程中软骨退变的保护作用,探讨川芎嗪关节腔注射治疗骨关节炎的应用前景。方法健康成熟新西兰大白兔26只,设立正常组、模型组、对照组和实验组。模型组、对照组及实验组建立骨关节炎模型。对照组与实验组分别关节腔注射地塞米松0.3 mL和川芎嗪0.3 mL。每周一次。在模型建立6周和9周时各组分别处死一半动物,去除关节炎模型,取材进行大体标本病理学观察,并经光镜和透射电镜观察膝关节软骨的病理变化。结果在6和9周时,实验组的大体标本软骨损伤分级明显优于其他3组;Mankin软骨组织学评分与上述两组相比,有非常显著性差异(P<0.01);电镜超微结构观察其病理改变明显轻于对照组和模型组。对照组大体标本软骨损伤分级与模型组基本相同;Mankin软骨组织学评分与模型组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05);电镜超微结构观察对照组与模型组在细胞形态、细胞内细胞器改变等方面相似。结论关节腔内注射川芎嗪能减轻兔膝关节炎模型的关节软骨退变程度,并可促进软骨的自身修复;激素关节腔内注射对损伤软骨的修复作用不明显。     

In-vitro and in-vivo electrical characteristics of a penetrating microelectrode array for optic nerve electrical stimulation

The Chinese C-Sight team aims to restore vision to blind patients by means of stimulating the optic nerve with a penetrating microelectrode array. A biocompatible, implantable microwire array was developed having four platinum-iridium shafts, each 100 μm in diameter. This penetrating microwire array is described in this paper, including its fabrication techniques and its in-vitro electrical characteristics. Every set of four shafts was spaced 0.4mm from center to center, comprising two short shafts that were 0.3mm long and two that were 0.9mm long. This design was intended to stimulate ganglion cell axons at different depths within the optic nerve. In-vitro electrochemical impedance testing results showed that the impedance at 1 kHz ranged from 8 to 10 kΩ at room temperature. The voltage responses of the arrays to current pulse stimulation indicated a charge-injection capacity of 210 μC/cm². Finally, in-vivo acute animal experiments showed that the amplitude of the electrically evoked potentials (EEPs) measured in primary visual cortex could be as large as 100 μV upon direct stimulation of the optic nerve.     

家犬腰椎牵拉损伤引起马尾神经功能改变的实验研究

设计了椎间松解及椎体外固定器固定的动物模型 ,通过调整外固定器长度 ,造成椎管内马尾神经牵拉损伤。当外固定器长度增大 2 cm时 ,马尾诱发电位( CESEP)的 N2 波幅度降低。动物清醒后出现 :1后肢运动与感觉障碍 ,神经功能评分明显降低。随牵拉强度增加 ,N2 波幅度逐渐降低并伴 CESEP图形畸变 ,直至最终消失。 2双后肢运动及痛觉丧失。神经功能评分减至 0分。故通过调整外固定器长度 ,可动态改变脊柱牵拉损伤程度 ,损伤程度与 CESEP及动物神经功能评分一致。该模型还有可排除 SEP假阴性或假阳性之突出优点。     

Effects of erigeron breviscapus （Vant.） Hand-Mazz pretreatment on pathology and oxyradical level following spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits

Objective To investigate the effects of erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand-Mazz (erigeron breviscapus) pretreatment on pathology and oxyradical level in the spinal cord after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rabbits. Methods A total of 40 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: sham-operation group with 10 rabbits treated with only abdominal aorta exposure without occlusion, control group with 15 rabbits that underwent ischemia for 50 minutes and treated with matched saline, and experimental group with 15 rabbits that underwent ischemia for 50 minutes and treated with erigeron breviscapus (9mg/kg) injection before ischemia. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the spinal cord were examined at 6 and 24 hours after I/R, respectively. The morphological changes and the number of the spinal cord anterior horn motor neurons were observed and counted under the light microscope and electron microscope, respectively. Results The level of MDA was markedly decreased and SOD activity was increased in the experimental group compared with those in the control group (P<0.01). Compared with that in the control group, the number of motor neurons in the experimental group significantly increased at 24h after I/R (P<0.01) and the morphous of the motor neurons improved. Conclusion Erigeron breviscapus can reduce oxyradical production and the apoptosis of nerve cells, and protect nerve tissue structure and function after spinal cord I/R.     

仿生骨植入钛网管固定修复兔骨缺损

目的探讨MHA-bBMP仿生骨作为替代骨对有限接触式钛网管固定下兔股骨干缺损模型的修复作用。方法48只新西兰大白兔随机分组,实验组:MHA-bBMP仿生骨+钛网管;对照组:自体髂骨移植+钛网管。于股骨干中段截除10 mm,建立兔股骨干缺损模型,将MHA-bBMP仿生骨/自体髂骨植入骨缺损处加有限接触式钛网管固定修复骨缺损。观察兔一般情况,检测血碱性磷酸酶,进行X线片、病理组织、电镜等观察。结果钛网管组织相容性好,固定稳定有效,两组均修复了骨缺损。两组血碱性磷酸酶、X线片表现、病理组织、电镜检查的数据经统计分析无显著性差异。结论有限接触式钛网管对植入物和骨缺损断端起到可靠的固定作用;MHA-bBMP仿生骨与自体髂骨植入相比较,诱导成骨活性相当。     

灯盏花对上颌前牵引中骨缝成骨的影响

目的观察灯盏花在上颌前牵引动物模型中对骨缝成骨的影响。方法16只兔随机分为实验组、对照组,每组各8只,两组动物均安置特制外置式牵引支架,向前持续弹性牵引。对照组于双侧前颌缝局部注射生理盐水,实验组则于局部注射灯盏花,每侧0.4 mL,每24 h注射1次。用序列四环素荧光标记法标记骨缝新形成的骨组织,荧光显微镜下观察,用计算机图像分析系统测量新骨量。结果实验组新骨形成的量明显大于对照组(P<0.05)。结论灯盏花在上颌前牵引动物模型中可加快骨缝新骨的形成。     

神经节苷脂M_1介导神经生长因子对运动神经元再生的影响

目的　研究神经生长因子 (NGF)、神经节苷脂M1 (GM1 )及NGF和GM1 混合液对桥接面神经的硅胶管腔中面神经管状化移植再生的影响。方法　选择成年大白兔 40只 ,4只作正常对照 ,其余 3 6只随机分为A、B、C三组 ,将其双侧面神经下颊支与腮腺前缘相同平面造成 8mm长缺损 ,用 1 5mm的硅胶管进行桥接 ,然后作以下处理 :A组 ,左侧硅胶管内加入NGF ,右侧加入生理盐水 ;B组 ,左侧加入NGF +GM1 ,右侧加入NGF ;C组 ,左侧加入NGF +GM1 ,右侧加入GM1 。于术后 2 0周进行电生理及组织学观察。结果　A组左右侧神经传导速度差异无显著性 ;B、C两组左右侧间差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。且两组左侧再生神经有髓纤维数目、直径、髓鞘厚度、轴突直径均高于对侧 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ,但A组以上指标均无差异。光镜及电镜观察试验各组均有较明显的神经再生。结论　①NGF能够促进运动神经元再生 ,但这种能力有限 ;②GM1 能够介导NGF促进运动神经元再生 ,表现出良好的生物学效应。     

超容量负荷与压力负荷对新西兰兔心功能的影响及评价

目的探讨超容量负荷联合压力负荷条件下新西兰兔心衰模型的建立,并评价超容量负荷与压力负荷对新西兰兔心功能的影响。方法将37只新西兰兔随机分为联合组、腹窄组、主闭组和对照组。术后8周分别采用心动超声图、血流动力学及血浆B型钠尿肽(BNP)测定来评价心功能。结果①血流动力学结果显示联合组心率、主动脉收缩压、主动脉舒张末压、脉压、左室收缩末压、左室舒张末压明显高于对照组、主闭组、腹窄组(P<0.05)。②心动超声显示联合组左室舒张末期内径、左室收缩末期内径、左室后壁厚度、室间隔厚度、短轴缩率、E/A比值均明显高于对照组,左室射血分数明显低于对照组、主闭组、腹窄组(P<0.05)。③联合组BNP水平较对照组、主闭组、腹窄组明显升高(P<0.05)。④联合组心脏/体重、湿肺/体重明显高于对照组、主闭组、腹窄组(P<0.05)。结论可通过超容量负荷联合压力负荷建立新西兰兔心衰模型;超容量负荷和压力负荷对心功能的影响不同。     

乌饭树树叶及其提取物对视网膜光损伤的保护作用

目的研究乌饭树树叶及其提取物对视网膜免受光损伤的保护功能。方法将20只新西兰白兔分成4组:正常对照组和模型对照Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组。正常对照组动物自由摄取饲料,自由饮水;模型对照Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组动物除自由摄取饲料,自由饮水外,每天分别喂乌饭树新鲜树叶[50 g/(kg.d)]、乌饭树陈旧树叶[50 g/(kg.d)]和乌饭树树叶提取物[50mg/(kg.d)],连续4周。并且进行强光刺激,同时利用视网膜电图(ERG)进行视网膜分析,最后处死白兔测定视网膜中丙二醛(MDA)的含量和总超氧化物岐化酶(T-SOD)的活力。结果ERG测定结果发现,对照组B波的潜伏期时间延长而振幅降低,模型组白兔ERG的变化趋势正好相反。同时模型组视网膜中的MDA含量要低于对照组(P<0.01),而SOD含量则高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论服用乌饭树树叶及其提取物对眼睛视网膜具有明显的保护作用。     

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF DERMATOMAL SOMATOSENSORY EVOKED POTENTIALS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF LUMBOSACRAL NERVE ROOT COMPRESSION

ＴＨＥＳＩＧＮＩＦＩＣＡＮＣＥＯＦＤＥＲＭＡＴＯＭＡＬＳＯＭＡＴＯＳＥＮＳＯＲＹＥＶＯＫＥＤＰＯＴＥＮＴＩＡＬＳＩＮＴＨＥＤＩＡＧＮＯＳＩＳＯＦＬＵＭＢＯＳＡＣＲＡＬＮＥＲＶＥＲＯＯＴＣＯＭＰＲＥＳＳＩＯＮ（李辉）（陈君长）（王坤正）（贺西京）（鱼全...     

An experimental study of pioglitazone in treating vascular dementia

Objective To compare the therapeutic effects of different doses of pioglitazone, a kind of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist, on vascular dementia and explore how pioglitazone affects cerebral ischemia. Methods Modified Pulsinelli's vessel ligation was used to establish a vascular dementia model in rats. Recognition, learning and memory were evaluated by Morris's water maze test. Immunoenzyme staining was used to determine the number of nerve cells. Immunofluorescence double-staining was used to examine the expression of PPARγ/nerve cells and PPARγ/astrocytes in different groups. Results Both in pioglitazone groups and sham-operation group, the latency was reduced significantly compared to that in control group (P<0.01). Sham-operation group had the largest number of neurons in the cortex, followed by low-dose pioglitazone group and high-dose pioglitazone group, and control group came last. Compared with control group, pioglitazone groups had more PPARγ expression in nerve cells, and the fluorescence intensity of PPARγ was stronger. Conclusion Pioglitazone can induce the expression of PPARγ in neuron endochylema and astrocyte endochylema to protect nerve cells, and then to improve spatial learning and memory function in VD rats.     

活血效灵丹对脑出血兔血脑屏障及脑组织超微结构的影响

目的　研究脑出血后应用活血效灵丹对血脑屏障 (BBB)及脑组织超微结构的影响。方法　以胶原酶诱导家兔脑出血模型 ,观察不同时间 (6h、2 4h)活血效灵丹灌胃对血肿周围脑组织伊文斯兰 (EB)含量及超微结构的影响。结果　①模型组脑组织EB含量在第 4、7天均较正常对照组明显增高 (P <0 .0 5～ 0 .0 1 ) ,且血肿侧明显高于对侧 (P <0 .0 0 1 ) ;6h、2 4h治疗组血肿周围脑组织EB含量在造模后第 4、7天均较模型组降低 (P <0 .0 1～ 0 .0 5 ) ,但 6h治疗组和 2 4h治疗组相比 ,EB含量下降的程度无明显差别 (P >0 .0 5 )。②模型组神经元、胶质细胞及其亚细胞结构和毛细血管均可见明显损害 ,治疗组均有不同程度的减轻 ,6h治疗组的效果优于 2 4h治疗组。结论　脑出血后应用活血效灵丹具有保护BBB和脑组织超微结构的作用 ;超早期 (6h)用药对BBB的保护作用无明显优势 ,但有利于减轻神经细胞超微结构的损害     

周围神经端侧吻合实验研究

目的　探讨神经外膜、束膜开窗神经端侧吻合术在修复周围神经缺损的可行性。方法　将 15只SD大鼠一侧腓总神经切断 ,在胫神经外膜开 1mm小窗 ,将腓总神经远端吻合到胫神经开窗处 ,将腓总神经近端吻合到股外侧肌肉内。对侧肢体作实验对照。术后 3月在全麻下行电生理测试神经冲动传导速度。取端侧吻合口部以远近胫神经、腓总神经及端侧吻合口部神经组织行光镜、电镜观察。结果　发现神经冲动能够通过端侧神经吻合处传播 ,神经传导速度比对照侧神经传导速度慢 ,有明显差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。光镜下吻合口处可见到胫神经发出侧芽。侧芽与胫神经伴行一段距离后 ,分叉离开胫神经 ,进入腓总神经。再生纤维主要为细小的有髓神经纤维。再生神经纤维及髓鞘面积显著小于正常腓总神经。电镜示再生纤维主要为细小的有髓神经纤维。结论　神经端侧吻合后 ,供体神经干可发出侧芽长入受损的神经干 ,侧支再生神经纤维主要为细小的有髓纤维 ,但质量较差。吻合后供体神经不受影响。     

Radiosensitivity of β-elemene on rabbit VX2 renal transplant carcinoma model

Objective To investigate the effects of low dosage of β-elemene on the radiosensitivity of rabbit VX2 renal transplant carcinoma model. Methods We took the rabbit VX2 renal transplant carcinoma as the model. Experimental rabbits were divided into three groups: the control group, the radiation group, and the radiation +β-elemene (radiosensitivity) group. The change of tumor was observed by Spiral CT and B ultrasound to compare its regrowth period. The tumor was measured by light microscopy and electron microscopy. Results The tumor in radiosensitivity group was restrained obviously and the sensitization enhancement ratio (SER) of β-elemene was 1.89. Different apoptosis was observed under transmission electron microscopy. Conclusion Low dosage β-elemene can enhance the radiosensitivity of rabbit VX2 renal transplant carcinoma model and induce the apoptosis of tumor cells, but the mechanism needs further study. It promotes apoptosis in mechanisms in vitro.     

INNERVATION OF SENSORY NERVE TERMINALS IN RAT LUMBAR INTERVERTEBRAL DISC AND POSTERIOR LONGITUDINAL LIGAMENT

Ｄｅｓｐｉｔｅｔｈｅｍａｊｏｒｍｅｄｉｃａｌａｎｄｓｏｃｉｅｔａｌｃｏｓｔｓｒｅｌａｔｅｄｔｏｌｏｗｂａｃｋｐａｉｎ ,ｔｈｅｃａｕｓｅｓｏｆｓｕｃｈｐａｉｎｉｎｍａｎｙｃａｓｅｓｒｅｍａｉｎｌａｒｇｅｌｙｏｂｓｃｕｒｅ .Ｍｏｏｎｅｙ[1]ｒｅｖｉｅｗｅｄｍｕｃｈｏｆｔｈｅｃｕｒｒｅｎｔｋｎｏｗｌｅｄｇｅｏｎｌｏｗｂａｃｋｐａｉｎ ,ｃｏｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇｔｈａｔｔｈｅｄｉｓｃｍａｙｂｅｔｈｅ ｐｒｉｍａｒｙｓｏｕｒｃｅｏｆｐａｉｎ ,ｂｕｔｔｈｅｍｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍｓｏｆｐａｉｎｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎａｒｅｕ…     

建立复发性口腔溃疡动物模型

应用口腔粘膜组织匀浆及机械提取的口腔粘膜蛋白质，分别作为抗原免疫家兔，所有实验兔都发生了复发性口腔溃疡。其临床和病理均与人类复发性口腔溃疡相似。初步结果表明此动物模型可作为进一步研究人类复发性口腔溃疡病因的模型。并提示人类复发性口腔溃疡的发生可能与自身免疫有关。     

抗裂型水泥稳定碎石基层施工的质量控制

水泥稳定碎石基层施工的关键是寻求强度与抗裂性能的统一。目前水稳基层施工技术在不断发展,而施工却仍沿用十年前的基层施工技术规范,故结合实体工程,提出一系列水泥稳定碎石基层施工质量控制要点,这是对现行施工技术规范的补充与完善。     

超声观测高同型半胱氨酸血症兔内皮功能损伤与血管细胞粘附分子的关系

目的研究高同型半胱氨酸血症(HHcy)兔血浆细胞粘附分子-1(VCAM-1)及一氧化氮(NO)的变化与内皮依赖性舒张功能(EDD)的关系,探讨内皮功能损伤的机理。方法将22只新西兰兔随机分为两组,每组11只,分别喂食正常饲料(正常对照组)、L-蛋氨酸[0.8g/(kg.d)]饲料(蛋氨酸组),分别于0、20、40、60、80d取血检测NO和VCAM-1的浓度,同时应用高分辨力超声检测其髂外动脉EDD的改变。结果①与正常对照组相比,蛋氨酸组兔髂外动脉的EDD显著降低,且呈明显的时间依赖性[80d,(-1.74±3.58)%vs.0d,(13.43±4.13)%,P<0.01];②与正常对照组相比,蛋氨酸组兔血浆中NO明显降低[80d,(217.43±27.38)μmol/L vs.0d,(379.75±56.83)μmol/L,P<0.05],血浆VCAM-1却明显升高[80d,(0.091 2±0.009 7)ng/mLvs.0d,(0.047 2±0.004 7)ng/mL,P<0.01],亦呈现明显的时间依赖性。结论高分辨力超声检测到的内皮依赖性舒张功能降低与血浆粘附分子明显相关,同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)导致内皮功能损伤是一个多途径的综合损伤。     

高氧液对家兔急性脑缺血损伤的治疗作用

目的　探索高氧液对兔急性全脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法　钳闭双侧颈总动脉并降压建立家兔全脑缺血模型,18只模型随机分3组:对照组(CG) 用平衡盐液再灌注,治疗组(TG) 用高氧液再灌注,均 20 mL/kg静注;预处理组(PG)实验前3 d,高氧液 20 mL/kg静注,每天 1 次。每组在缺血前、缺血 20 min和再灌注 45 min各抽取颈内动脉血测定动脉氧分压(PaO2)和丙二醛(MDA)含量。72 h后处死动物,行海马 CA1 区组织病理学观察。结果　再灌注后TG组和PG组MDA含量与海马神经元坏死数量明显低于CG组,PaO2明显高于CG组。结论　高氧液对急性脑缺血有一定保护作用。