艏喷管在全垫升气垫船上的设计与应用

全垫升气垫船垫态航行时,船体下部围裙形成的高压气垫将船几乎托离于运行表面,依靠空气螺旋桨向前推进。此时,阻尼小且低速时舵效差,抗侧风能力差且低速操纵性不佳。这是全垫升气垫船的不足之处,尤其在狭窄多湾河道和多风环境下使用时,该缺点尤为明显。为此,文中从气动力设计、装置实现及操控性等方面,系统研究了独立风机供气的艏喷管在气垫船上的设计与应用,后期的样艇航行试验也证实了装备的艏喷管已达到设计目标。     

减阻,减摇的响应围裙研究

本文根据围裙柔性动力学的理论分析,并应用系统分析和反馈原理,把气垫船的柔性围裙简化为一个二自由度的气弹和水弹的动力反馈系统,提出了气弹增益、水弹增益、响应度和隔振因子等物理概念。通过船模水池试验和分析,深入地讨论了响应围裙减阻和减摇的原理以及围裙气垫系统参数设计对全垫升气垫船性能的影响.     

改善侧壁气垫船耐波性的有效措施

本文着重论述了改善侧壁气垫船耐波性的几项技术措施,包括双体气垫船型,响应围裙首尾封及艏部防溅条等,这些措施已成功应用于721型交通艇,证明是有效的。     

围裙响应动力学及其对气垫船稳定性和适航性的影响

在大量试验与理论研究的基础上,本文根据系统分析和反馈原理,把围裙简化为一个二自由度气弹和水弹动力反馈系统,提出了气弹增益和水弹增益的重要物理概念,对气垫动力系统的分析则应用了气阻、气容等物理阻抗概念。根据这些参数可直接判别和分析气垫船的静、动稳定性,包括围裙的“缩进”和“颤振”,以及船在波浪中的阻力和加速度性能。作为一个比较完整的理论体系,本文在此仅作摘要介绍。     

大型全垫升气垫船设计初探

通过对全垫升气垫船气垫参数、动力系统、围裙系统、横稳性和操纵性等方面进行分析,对大型全垫升气垫船的设计进行初步的探索。     

船艏冰刀对船冰碰撞时结构动力响应影响分析

为探讨极地冰区船舶通过加装船艏冰刀的方式能否改善船冰碰撞结构动力响应的问题,采用非线性有限元方法,从能量转换、应力、应变云图、碰撞力和船速随时间变化关系等多个角度,比较有、无艏部冰刀两种情况下,船舶艏部与排冰发生碰撞时的动力响应规律。结果表明,加装艏部冰刀可减小船体自身的损伤和变形,改善船舶破冰性能。     

气垫船模围裙振动平台试验与理论研究

结合气垫船模围裙振动试验平台项目,用L abV IEW语言开发了该试验平台的测试系统,并测得某中型气垫船相应船模的升沉、纵摇与横摇的频率响应。利用传递矩阵的形式推导了耐波性计算公式,对该船模相应实船进行理论计算,验证了气垫内空气可压缩性对该类大中型气垫船升沉运动响应的重要性。同时分析了实船计算结果与振动平台试验值之间存在差别的原因。     

一种新型海洋能发电轮机水动力特性研究

摘 要：海洋发电轮机所处的海上作业环境恶劣,设备易发生故障且维修困难。基于三维势流理论,并结合ANSYS-AQWA软件,对风、浪、流荷载联合作用下的海洋能发电轮机的水动力特性进行研究,得出了发电轮机在工作工况及极限工况下的运动响应特性。结果表明,浮体运动响应幅值的最大值分别发生在遭遇艏斜浪和横浪时;其中极限工况下的运动响应幅值是工作工况下的3-10倍。该装置经过循环改型后水动力性能良好,能够满足实际的工程应用,本文提出的计算方法可以作为一种快速预报装置水动力特性的校核手段,满足工程设计阶段的需求。     

基于二次开发的CATIA三维建模在全垫升气垫船设计中的应用

全垫升气垫船的船体外形结构不再着重考虑水动力性能,而是采用浮箱结构,其折角面、断阶面与倒圆较多,另有垫升风机在浮箱上的出风开口等,空间形状复杂。此外还有风机、导管桨、空气舵、围裙等特种设备,适于用参数化软件CATIA作二次开发来进行三维建模。在CATIA中作了一些二次开发以方便建模,详细介绍了一条全垫升气垫船的三维建模过程,并就CATIA曲面展开功能在柔性围裙设计制造中的应用进行探讨。     

国产侧壁式气垫客船问世

今年春天,在安徽巢湖北部,经常可以看到一艘船艏鼓出围裙、前后喷吐白雾的气垫船在波光粼粼的湖面上往返飞驶。原来,这是一艘侧壁式气垫客船正在进行试航。七十年代中,上海船研所与安徽省交通厅协作研制内河气垫船,1975年曾建成一艘总重为5吨的试验船,进行了多年试验研究,81年初研制成这艘40客位的气垫船。     

CATIA二次开发实现全垫升气垫船性能 计算结果的可视化

全垫升气垫船对质量要求严苛,使船体浮箱结构薄弱;可两栖登陆,使浮箱破舱风险大,水密分舱只能加密。通过CATIA二次开发,实现了密集水密分舱破损计算结果的可视化,便于驾驶员基于浮箱上破口尺寸与位置,快速评估对破损进水以及船姿态的影响。CATIA气垫兴波波形的三维可视化,可直观地观察波面与气垫围线的相互关系,利于求取及理解船带漂角斜航时兴波对阻力及姿态的影响。船在波浪上航行时,随波起伏引起气垫压力波动,将外界载荷传递至船体与柔性围裙,实现气垫压力动态测试结果可视化,便于对比分析压力波动空间分布变化。     

Hybrid analytic-FEM approach for dynamic response analysis of air-cushion vehicle skirts

Focused on the assessment method for dynamic behavior of the skirts of an air cushion vehicle (ACV), this paper proposes a hybrid analytic-FEM approach, within which the self-developed subroutine considers the transient skirt-water contacting force through suggested semi-analytical formula based on the empirical results from CFD simulations of the equivalent flat-plate model. The dynamic explicit algorithm of FEM is adopted to solve the large deformation problem of flexible skirts. The validity of the approach has been confirmed by comparing with previous numerical results as well as published experimental results of steady seal deformation tests at University of Michigan. Afterward, more simulations for demonstration cases are carried out to study the complex dynamic response of the skirts under different skirt-water contacting conditions. The proposed method can obtain more reliable results than traditional analytical method and be more efficient than fluid-structure interaction simulations, thus providing a practical balanced approach aiming at the dynamic response analysis for whole skirts and contributing to the skirts dynamics performance assessment of an ACV.     

航行气垫船激励均匀水深浮冰层位移响应的数值模拟

在均匀水深条件下,基于 ALE算法对匀速航行气垫船激励浮冰层的位移响应问题进行数值模拟。计算不同气垫船速度和河道岸壁宽度条件下的冰层位移响应,获得对应于冰层最大垂向位移变形情况下的气垫船临界速度。计算结果与理论解和试验结果符合良好,验证计算方法的有效性。计算结果表明：在临界速度时冰层下陷位移达到最大,而河道岸壁的存在将会使临界速度减小。     

气垫船铝合金整体壁板应用初探

气垫船的高速性特点决定了全船重量控制的重要性。在影响结构重量的主要因素中,材料的选择尤为重要,为此大、中型气垫船船体材料都采用铝合金。而传统铝合金焊接结构在实际应用中存在着焊接变形较大且难以控制,焊缝和焊接热影响区力学性能下降等不足。文章首先基于气垫船船体线型简单、平直的特点提出了铝合金整体壁板的概念,并由此引出悬架式骨架系统;其次分析了铝合金整体壁板的优点;此外,文中还在国外应用背景基础上总结了整体壁板应用注意事项;最后提出了应用及优化上亟待解决的问题,为后续研究及推广应用提供参考。     

大中型气垫船吊艇结构设计和起吊强度校核

基于目标气垫船结构特点,通过合理设计吊艇眼板结构、起吊强度校核,论证了船体通过吊艇眼板直接起吊方案的可行性,为实船起吊提供指导依据。最后对目标气垫船水中起吊过程进行了应力测试,进一步验证了起吊强度校核方法的正确性和直接起吊方案的合理性。研究结果可为大中型气垫船或铝合金船体起吊方案和相关结构设计提供技术支撑。     

Simulation study of plane motion of air cushion vehicle

This research is on horizontal plane motion equations of Air Cushion Vehicle (ACV) and its simulation. To investigate this, a lot of simulation study including ACV‘s voyage and turning performance has been done. It was found that the voyage simulation results were accorded with ACV own characteristic and turning simulation results were accorded with USA ACV‘s movement characteristic basically.     

两种强力甲板结构形式在大变形损伤状态下的极限强度分析

针对2种不同强力甲板结构形式的舰船,应用ABAQUS非线性有限元分析工具,计算舰体在强力甲板大变形损伤状态下的总纵极限承载能力.采用冲击动载荷来模拟得到结构的大变形损伤状态,并将其作为初始状态进行极限承载能力分析.分析结果表明,纵向箱形梁这种新型强力甲板结构形式相比常规强力甲板结构形式,在大变形损伤下舰体总纵极限承载能力等方面具有显著的优越性.     

Plastic mechanism analysis of structural performances for stiffeners on bottom longitudinal web girders during a shoal grounding accident

A theoretical model is introduced in this paper for structural performance of stiffeners on double-bottom longitudinal girders in a shoal grounding accident. Major emphasis is placed on establishing the characteristic deformation mechanism of stiffeners and identifying major energy dissipation patterns. Numerical simulations using the LS-DYNA nonlinear finite-element program were carried out to examine thoroughly the progressive deformation process during sliding deformation. Stiffener deformations were observed to fall into two categories: stiffeners fully contacted with the indenter, and stiffeners subjected to indirect deformation due to energy transfer from attached girders. Grounding performance of stiffeners is substantially influenced by that of the attached plating, and therefore a review of the existing deformation models of longitudinal girders (i.e. Simonsen 1997, Midtun 2006 and Hong 2008) was included. Hong's model of bottom girders was found not capable of representing the effects of stiffeners, and a new model of girders was thus developed. Based on observation of the numerical deformation process and the new analytical girder model, a kinematically admissible model of stiffeners on bottom longitudinal girders was built. Using the methods of plastic mechanism analysis, simplified analytical expressions for energy dissipation by girder-attached stiffeners, both fully contacted and noncontacted, were formulated, and equations for grounding resistance were subsequently obtained. The theoretical expressions agree favorably with results from nonlinear finite-element simulations and capture two significant characteristics of the problem: that energy varies little with indentation for stiffeners that fully contacting the indenter, and that energy is independent of slope angle for indirectly deformed stiffeners. The proposed theoretical model helps to predict analytically shoal grounding performance of stiffeners on longitudinal girders with reasonable accuracy.     

深潜救生艇对接转裙的结构设计及承载能力分析

提出一种新型水下对接装置,介绍了对接转裙的组成和工作原理,设计了对接转裙的关节结构,阐明了转裙的密封原理,利用有限元方法对转裙耐压壳强度及稳定性进行了分析,研究结果表明了该设计的可行性.在大倾角、高海流、低能见度的工况下,利用该装置,深潜救生艇能够以抵御海流的最佳角度进行安全、准确、快速对接作业.