固体氧化物燃料电池船舶动力系统的动态仿真(英文)

Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) has been identified as an effective and clean alternative choice for marine power system. This paper emphasizes on the dynamic modeling of SOFC power system and its performance based upon marine operating circumstance. A SOFC power system model has been provided considering thermodynamic and electrochemical reaction mechanism. Subcomponents of lithium ion battery, power conditioning unit, stack structure and controller are integrated in the model. The dynamic response of the system is identified according to the inertia of its subcomponent and controller. Validation of the whole system simulation at steady state and transit period are presented, concerning the effects of thermo inertia, control strategy and seagoing environment. The simulation results show reasonable accuracy compare with lab test. The models can be used to predict performance of a SOFC power system and identify the system response when part of the component parameter is adjusted.     

邮轮上固体氧化物燃料电池装置的案例研究（英文）

The work is a case study of a cruise ship supplied by liquefied natural gas(LNG) and equipped with a solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC).It is supposed that a 20 MW SOFC plant is installed on-board to supply hotel loads and assisting three dual-fuel(DF) diesel/LNG generator sets.LNG consumption and emissions are estimated both for the SOFC plant and DF generator sets.It results that the use of LNG-SOFC plant in comparison to DF generator sets allows to limit significantly the SO_x,CO,NO_x,PM emissions and to reduce the emission of CO_2 by about 11%.A prediction of the weight and volume of the SOFC plant is conducted and a preliminary modification of the general arrangement of the cruise ship is suggested,according to the latest international rules.It results that the SOFC plant is heavier and occupies more volume on board than a DF gen-set;nevertheless,these features do not affect the floating and the stability of the cruise ship.     

船用固体氧化物燃料电池电堆建模与仿真

由于船用固体氧化物燃料电池复杂的内部环境不利于对其直接建模,针对船舶设备负载变化导致燃料利用率变化,提出利用径向基函数神经网络的"基"函数.结合宽度学习网络结构和恒燃料利用率控制策略,构造了一种识别恒燃料利用率的固体氧化物燃料电池电堆特性的新方法.根据恒燃料利用率控制策略经研究获得电池的输入输出数据组;在输入输出数据组的基础上,利用Lipschitz商准则确定非线性模型的最佳输入变量阶数;利用粒子群优化算法来估算基于径向基函数宽度学习网络参数,包括增强层参数、增强层和输入层到输出层参数.该方法得到的辨识结果精度高且计算量小.试验结果验证了该方法的准确性和有效性.     

双燃料船用发动机废能回收系统的技术经济比较（英文）

Nowadays alternative and innovative energy recovery solutions are adopted on board ships to reduce fuel consumption and harmful emissions. According to this, the present work compares the engine exhaust gas waste heat recovery and hybrid turbocharger technologies, which are used to improve the efficiency of a dual-fuel four-stroke(DF) marine engine. Both solutions aim to satisfy partly or entirely the ship’s electrical and/or thermal loads. For the engine exhaust gas waste heat recovery, two ste...     

船用高温固体氧化物燃料电池方案的可行性探讨

相比于其他氢能燃料电池方案,高温固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）与天然气燃料方案具有燃料成本低、联合循环的系统效率高、天然气燃料储-输-用经济和安全性高等优点,适合于中大型船舶与远海航行的应用场景。本文从船用紧凑式制氢重整器、船用能源系统集成等关键技术方面讨论讨论该方案在船上应用的可行性,为船用SOFC技术路线的发展提供可行性参考。     

集装箱船双燃料发动机投资的环境与经济评价（英文）

In this study, environmental and economic examinations of Liquefied Natural Gas(LNG) investments are conducted. A year-long noon report data is received from a container ship and LNG conversion is performed. Savings from both the fuel expenses and the amount of the emissions are calculated and presented. To eliminate the fuel consumption uncertainties in future operation periods of the stated ship, different scenarios that simulate various fuel consumption statuses are created and analyzed withi...     

船用固体氧化物燃料电池多物理场耦合模型与热应力分析

为拓展燃料电池在船舶领域内的应用,针对固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）作为典型船舶电力推进系统动力时的电化学性能和热应力场分布规律进行研究。以实际生产的SOFC为原型,基于有限元法分别建立了矩形和弧形流道的多物理场三维模型,分析了典型工况下电极电化学反应、多组分传质和传热过程的耦合特性,并模拟了不同功能层的热应力。结果表明：相同工况下,相较于矩形流道,弧形流道在气体组分和温度梯度分布上更均匀;阴极电解质接触面上的热应力要高于阳极侧,且弧形流道的最大值相较于矩形流道,减少了43.3%;电流密度的最大值均位于肋板与电极交界处。     

固体氧化物燃料电池的研究与进展

  目的  固体氧化物燃料电池—微型燃气轮机（SOFC-MGT）联合发电系统有利于提高常规动力潜艇的续航力和隐蔽性,为分析该系统在不同运行模式下的性能特性,  方法  利用Matlab/Simulink软件对燃料电池AIP动力装置加以改进,并与微型燃气轮机（MGT）组成顶层循环联合发电系统。根据潜艇的航行状态,提出动力装置的双工作模式。建立SOFC-MGT联合发电系统和尾气处理系统的仿真模型,分析其在设计点工况下的性能指标,以及电流、水碳比、甲烷（CH₄）流量、空气组分等因素对系统性能的影响。  结果  仿真结果验证了模型的有效性和可行性,2种工作模式下系统的发电效率分别为59.48%和61.61%,最大功率分别为217 kW和223 kW,其中模式2状态下的系统净功率更高。该联合发电系统在潜艇不同工况下均可保持稳定的输出功率和较高的发电效率,其性能明显优于其他AIP装置。  结论  研究成果可为SOFC-MGT联合发电系统在常规动力潜艇上的应用提供理论支撑。     

生物柴油在船用低速机上的燃烧分析研究（英文）

To study the applicability of biodiesel in marine engines, this research investigated the performance, combustion characteristics, and emission characteristics of biodiesel(B100), diesel, and a 50% volume blend of the two fuels(B50) in a marine engine. This study was conducted on a 4-cylinder, 520 mm-bore, two-stroke, low-speed marine engine with a common rail fuel and exhaust gas charge system. The three fuels were tested at different loads from 25% – 100% with a step size of 25%. Results showe...     

船用柴油/天然气双燃料动力系统的控制与特性研究

应用现代电子控制技术, 加装电控单元将船用柴油机改造成柴油/天然气系统。根据柴油机燃油供给系的工作特性,研究开发双燃料动力系统,设计以最少柴油引燃和自动加气至最大替代率的控制策略。通过电控单元完成纯柴油模式和双燃料模式之间的自动切换,实现双燃料动力系统最优控制。性能试验结果表明：柴油/天然气双燃料动力系统在相同工况下运行经济性和排放性明显提高。     

季节因素对二冲程船用柴油机性能参数及排放影响研究（英文）

In comparison to onshore facilities, ships, and their machinery are subjected to challenging external influences such as rolling, vibration, and continually changing air & cooling water temperatures in the marine environment. However, these factors are typically neglected, or their consequences are deemed to have little effect on machinery, the environment, or human life. In this study, seasonal air & seawater temperature effects on marine diesel engine performance parameters and emissio...     

燃油系统参数优化对双燃料船用发动机性能的影响

基于4190ZLC-2型船用中速柴油机,利用AVL FIRE仿真软件建立天然气/柴油双燃料发动机燃烧高压循环模型;采用一次回归正交试验设计方法对燃油系统5个参数进行优化,建立以油耗率和NO_X排放量为目标函数的数学预测模型,进而找出油耗率和NO_X排放量最优的参数组合。结果表明:建立的油耗率、NO_X排放量数学预测模型精确度较高,预测值与仿真值误差低于3%,可用于参数优化匹配研究;优化后的油耗率和NO_X排放量相比正交试验设计最优组合分别降低约3.8%和98%;油耗率最小的参数组合为:70%-0-355.15 K-0.223 MPa-22.6°CA(天然气替代率-EGR率-进气温度-进气压力-喷油提前角);NO_X排放质量分数最低的参数组合为:67%-12.5%-336.55 K-0.205 MPa-21.88°CA(天然气替代率-EGR率-进气温度-进气压力-喷油提前角)。     

基于动力学润滑耦合的低速二冲程船用柴油机机座刚度匹配设计

以低速二冲程船用柴油机为研究对象建立多体动力学与弹流润滑理论耦合模型,将主轴承油膜特性、摩擦损失功耗、曲轴弯曲振动特性作为柴油机主轴承安全性与经济性的评价指标,考察机座整体结构刚度改变对主轴承润滑及曲轴振动特性的影响。研究表明：原机飞轮端第7主轴承润滑性能相对较差,整机各主轴承的最小油膜厚度偏差为79.3%。机座刚度对主轴承摩擦润滑及振动性能均有明显的且不同规律的影响。通过调整优化各主轴承座刚度,使危险位置主轴承最小油膜厚度增加7.64%,最大油膜压力降低7.83%,整机主轴承总摩擦功耗和曲轴弯曲振动幅度均有所降低。     

甲醇燃料的船用发动机对空气排放的测量（英文）

Emissions of exhaust gases and particulate matter from a dual fuel marine engine using methanol as fuel with marine gasoil as pilot fuel have been examined for a ferry during operation. The emission factor for nitrogen oxides is lower than what is typically found for marine gasoil but does not reach the tier III limit. The emissions of particulate matter are significantly lower than for fuel oils and similar to what is found for LNG engines. The main part of the particles can be found in the ultrafine range with the peak being at around 18 nm. About 93% of the particles are evaporated and absorbed when using a thermodenuder, and thus a large majority of the particles are volatile. Methanol is a potential future marine fuel that will reduce emissions of air pollutants and can be made as a biofuel to meet emission targets for greenhouse gases.     

船用低速柴油机SCR系统的设计优化与试验分析

由于船舶机舱空间狭小,因此布置用于二冲程柴油机的SCR反应器和其管道较为困难.利用CFD模拟了在100％负荷下SCR反应器之前的尿素雾滴和排气的混合过程.模拟结果表明,当6S35ME-B9 SCR系统的旋转角和护盖展开角分别为15°和75°时,尿素与排气在较短的距离内能够形成良好的混合,并且整个系统压降小于1.4 kPa.对安装有SCR系统的6S35ME-B9柴油机进行了 100 h的测试,结果表明NOx排放从18.15 g/kWh降低到3.17 g/kWh.针对6S35ME-B9柴油机的SCR系统的设计和试验可以为实船上的SCR系统提供理论和应用基础.     

LNG/柴油双燃料发动机混合器的设计与优化研究

LNG作为一种新型绿色能源,具有清洁、高效、经济的特点,受到了发动机行业的广泛关注。对于单点喷射的气体燃料发动机与双燃料发动机而言,燃气与空气的混合质量直接影响发动机的整机性能,而供气系统的混合器对于燃气与空气的混合起着重要的作用。由于原机混合器存在一定的局限性,并不能很好地满足发动机需求。鉴于此,基于Z6170ZLCZ-19双燃料发动机设计出一新型混合器。经过仿真计算与发动机台架试验,验证表明,与原机混合器相比,该新型混合器具有良好的混合特性,能够使发动机的各缸排气温度更均匀,动力性能也有所提升。     

船用柴油机系统的完整建模（英文）

This paper presents a simulator model of a marine diesel engine based on physical, semi-physical, mathematical and thermodynamic equations, which allows fast predictive simulations. The whole engine system is divided into several functional blocks: cooling, lubrication, air, injection, combustion and emissions. The sub-models and dynamic characteristics of individual blocks are established according to engine working principles equations and experimental data collected from a marine diesel engine test bench for SIMB Company under the reference 6M26SRP1. The overall engine system dynamics is expressed as a set of simultaneous algebraic and differential equations using sub-blocks and S-Functions of Matlab/Simulink. The simulation of this model, implemented on Matlab/Simulink has been validated and can be used to obtain engine performance, pressure, temperature, efficiency, heat release, crank angle, fuel rate, emissions at different sub-blocks. The simulator will be used, in future work, to study the engine performance in faulty conditions, and can be used to assist marine engineers in fault diagnosis and estimation(FDI) as well as designers to predict the behavior of the cooling system, lubrication system, injection system, combustion, emissions, in order to optimize the dimensions of different components. This program is a platform for fault simulator, to investigate the impact on sub-blocks engine’s output of changing values for faults parameters such as: faulty fuel injector, leaky cylinder, worn fuel pump, broken piston rings, a dirty turbocharger, dirty air filter, dirty air cooler, air leakage, water leakage, oil leakage and contamination, fouling of heat exchanger, pumps wear, failure of injectors(and many others).     

船用螺旋桨叶片应力的数值分析（英文）

In this study, a series of numerical calculations are carried out in ANSYS Workbench based on the unidirectional fluid–solid coupling theory. Using the DTMB 4119 propeller as the research object, a numerical simulation is set up to analyze the open water performance of the propeller, and the equivalent stress distribution of the propeller acting in the flow field and the axial strain of the blade are analyzed. The results show that FLUENT calculations can provide accurate and reliable calculations of the hydrodynamic load for the propeller structure. The maximum equivalent stress was observed in the blade near the hub, and the tip position of the blade had the largest stress. With the increase in speed, the stress and deformation showed a decreasing trend.