CSR对超大型油船装载及压载舱分舱的影响

国际、国内的油运市场对超大型油船(VLCC)的需求非常迫切。油船结构共同规范(CSR)不仅对VLCC结构设计的影响是全面和系统的,还对VLCC的装载工况和压载舱分舱方案有很大的影响,而这些因素直接决定了船体的最大中拱静水弯矩。该文针对30.8万吨VLCC,对CSR进行了研究,通过装载计算,初步阐明了CSR对VLCC装载工况和压载舱分舱设计的影响。     

压载水舱泥沙淤积原因和冲淤新方法

东海海水含沙量较高,船舶压载水舱等部位易形成泥沙沉积,增加船舶负重及油耗等运营费用。文章分析了船舶压载水舱泥沙淤积原因,模拟研究了泥沙沉降特征,提出了基于气动冲淤方式的压载水舱泥沙治理新方法。     

Analytical modelling of ship collision based on full-scale experiments

This paper presents a theoretical model allowing us to predict the consequences of ship–ship collision where large forces arise due to the sloshing in ship ballast tanks. The model considers the inertia forces of the moving bodies, the effects of the surrounding water, the elastic bending of the hull girder of the struck ship, the elasticity of the deformed ship structures and the sloshing effects in partially filled ballast tanks. The study focuses on external dynamics. Internal mechanics, presenting the collision force as a function of penetration, was obtained from experiments. The model was validated with two full-scale collision experiments, one with a significant sloshing effect and the other without it. The comparison of the calculations and the measurements revealed that the model predictions were in good agreement, as the errors at the maximum value of penetration were less than 10%.     

波浪引起破损船的垂向运动和弯矩（英文）

The wave-induced vertical ship motions and bending moments of a double hull-oil tanker in realistic flooding conditions are studied. The scenarios investigated are represented by water ingress into the starboard ballast tanks for collision damage cases and both starboard and portside ballast tanks for grounding situations. Seakeeping computations are performed for eight damage scenarios and for the intact condition, each corresponding to different changes in displacement, trim, and heel. For each of the damage conditions, transfer functions of vertical motions and loads are calculated using a potential linear 3 D panel hydrodynamic code in the frequency domain that includes effect of the motion of the water in flooded tanks. A MATLAB code is developed to facilitate automated hydrodynamic simulation of many damage scenarios. Verification of seakeeping results is performed by comparing transfer functions with results of the previous study. Wave-induced vertical responses of damaged ship are then compared to those of intact ship using two spectral-based methods originating from uncertainty analysis of wave loads, which are convenient tools to assess consequences of damage on short-term ship responses. Generally, observed trend is that vertical wave-induced responses of damaged ship converge toward those of intact ship with increasing wave period. Fairly small differences between responses of asymmetrically damaged ship with respect to the symmetrical incoming wave directions are found. The results of the study are an efficient method for seakeeping assessment of damaged oil tankers and the framework for evaluating consequences of damage scenarios, heading angles, and sea conditions on seakeeping responses of damaged ships.The results can be used to decide if the intact ship model can be used instead of the damaged one for the emergency response procedure or for the risk assessment studies when modeling and computational time represent important limitations.     

大型半潜船压载水系统设计

为安全可靠地实现半潜功能,根据某半潜式自航工程船压载舱众多的特点,采用空气压载系统与泵压载系统相结合进行设计。试航结果显示：压载水系统的设计能够安全实现该半潜式自航工程船海上半潜作业功能,达到技术规格书中的有关要求。     

协调版共同结构规范下的压载水交换工况对船体结构安全影响探讨

压载水管理是船舶环保要求的重要内容。不同的压载水管理方式对船体结构安全的影响不同，主要体现在压载舱的附加压头、最小砰击吃水等。基于协调版共同结构规范对压载水交换工况的新要求，论述在CSR-H规范框架体系下，压载水交换工况下的静水弯矩和设计载荷组对船体结构构件的影响，并提出基于结果评估的相关建议。     

7500t起重船压载舱的优化研究

针对7500吨起重船的作业进行了简单的受力分析,并且对原起重船压载舱的特点进行了详细的总结。结合实际经验和相关理论,对原起重船的压载舱提出了四套改进方案,选取四种典型的工况,采用传统的多方案比较方法,从总压载量和压载水的调拨量两个主要方面进行综合评价,得出最优的压载方案。最后,总结了起重船压载舱优化的一些规律。     

特殊用途浮船坞作业控制系统研究

供舰船上排、下水用的浮船坞，是一种特殊用途的浮船坞，控制系统必须按其用途要求进行特殊设计。现介绍该特殊用途浮船坞作业控制系统的几个主要方面，包括：手动控制、计算机辅助手动控制、压载舱群液位计算机控制、配载计算及联机控制等。利用计算机实现对浮船坞的作业控制在国内尚无成功的先例，实现对压载舱群液位的控制、配载计算及联机控制等功能更是一次有益的探索。     

《原油油船货油舱保护涂层性能标准》的应用研究

文章简要介绍了《原油油船货油舱保护涂层性能标准》(以下简称"货油舱PSPC"),通过与压载舱保护涂层性能标准(以下简称"压载舱PSPC")的比较,分析了货油舱PSPC与压载舱PSPC相异的技术条款对船舶建造的影响,研究了大连中远川崎船舶工程有限公司满足货油舱PSPC实施难点的对应措施。     

基于CFD的潜艇高压气吹除主压载水舱系统模拟

高压气吹除主压载水舱是潜艇舱室进水情况下最有效的应急挽回手段之一.由于高压气吹除时压载水舱中剧烈的气液混合流动,导致建立的理论模型有一定局限性.本文通过CFD中两相流VOF模型对高压气吹除压载水舱的动态过程进行仿真,分析吹除过程中压载水舱中气-液混合现象、压力变化情况及压载水舱排水速率等特点,以验证高压气吹除压载水舱的理论模型.     

250000 DWT超大型矿砂船总体设计

上海船舶研究设计院为山东海运股份有限公司研发和设计的250 000 DWT超大型矿砂船,主要用于中国和澳大利亚之间铁矿石运输,是能够进入澳大利亚主要港口的最大型船舶。着重介绍了该超大型矿砂船的主尺度及主要参数选取、船舶快速性研究、总布置及分舱布置和压载水配置优化等。该船设计充分体现了"安全、经济、环保、舒适"的原则,满足EEDI、压载水处理等最新的国际规范规则和环保要求。     

船舶压载水领域标准现状及发展分析

对国际海事组织《国际船舶压载水和沉积物控制与管理公约》提出的压载水置换、压载水处理要求及其实施时间进行分析,介绍船舶压载水处理技术和产业现状.通过分析船舶压载水领域国际和国内标准现状,对我国船舶压载水领域标准化发展提出建议,为我国船舶压载水领域标准化工作提供参考.     

大型全回转起重船抗横倾系统设计

大型全回转起重船起重机吊重货旋转时将产生很大的横倾力矩,需配置抗横倾水舱,通过反向调拨压载水,使船舶横倾控制在安全范围之内。文章对合理布置抗横倾水舱、确定抗横倾水舱的舱容、抗横倾泵流量的选取和抗横倾系统的模式进行论述,对于大型全回转和半回转起重船的分析设计提供较好的参考和借鉴。     

晃荡要求对散货船压载舱结构的影响探讨

协调版共同结构规范（CSR-H）对散货船液舱的晃荡强度提出新的要求。针对散货船专用压载舱,通过对晃荡载荷的规范计算,并结合实船统计数据对比,探讨了基于CSR-H的晃荡要求对散货船专用压载舱结构设计的影响,包括有效晃荡长度、有效晃荡宽度和构件尺寸等。     

VLCC改装为VLOC时燃油舱保护的设计特点

主要介绍在超大型油船（VLCC）改装为矿砂船（VLOC）设计中,燃油舱保护要求对改装设计的影响,以及燃油舱的改装方案。影响主要体现在：燃油舱容的减少量,可能会占用压载舱或其他部位增加新的燃油舱舱容;增加新的内壳引起钢料的增加;新增舱室要增加管系、人孔盖及梯子等。燃油舱的改装方案关键在内壳线型。内壳线型首先要满足MEPC．141（54）的要求,其次要考虑内部通道及梯子的布置,还要兼顾改装的特点、船厂施工的要求,可能会不同于新建船舶的设计。     

基于数值分析法的压载舱的优化设计

针对大型起重船压载舱的特点,提出了数值分析法的数学模型和优化原则.以7500t全回转起重船为研究对象,运用数值分析法对其压载舱进行具体的优化设计.选取四种典型的工况,评价压载舱工作时的各个参数指标,比较原压载舱和优化后的效果,从而得出数值分析法可以作为压载舱优化设计的参考方法.     

港口沉积物控制和管理风险分析及管理建议

为应对外来物种入侵和病原体跨境传播,国际海事组织(IMO)于2004年制定了《国际压载水和沉积物管理和控制公约》。目前的研究主要集中在压载水的管理和控制,压载水沉积物排放、处理、处置和管理体系目前处于空缺状态。文中通过调研和分析比较的方法,了解我国及全球范围内主要港口沉积物处理接收和处置现状,并对可能造成的环境、人员、财产和自然资源的损害进行风险分析,提出相应的对策及管理建议。     

Study on alternative approaches to corrosion protection of ballast tanks using an economic model

One of the most relevant problems in ship construction and maintenance nowadays is corrosion in ballast tanks of modern merchant vessels. On the one hand, there is a general consensus that the economic lifespan of such a vessel depends, to a large degree, upon the corrosion state of its ballast tanks, while on the other hand these ballast tanks, located between the outer hull and the cargo tanks, makes routine inspection and maintenance a difficult task.Today, ship's ballast tanks are usually constructed in steel and protected with an epoxy coating backed up by sacrificial zinc anodes. Such a construction has been applied without significant alterations for many years. The objective of this economic study is to compare this construction method with some potential alternatives. The considered alternatives are: (1) an increase in structural scantlings, eliminating the necessity to replace corroded at a cost of real cargo carrying capacity of the ship, (2) application of the novel and more durable TSCF₂₅ coating (3), the use of corrosion resistant steel in ship construction and (4) a standard PSPC₁₅ coating combined with lifetime lasting aluminum sacrificial anodes. A cost model was used to evaluate these alternative options together with sensitivity analysis. It is concluded that the durable coating and the use of lifetime lasting aluminum anodes are bound to improve the actual basic tank concept. Corrosion resistant steel becomes attractive when the steel price becomes competitive.     

及早加入压载水公约提升我国国际地位

通过船舶压载水将外来水生物引入到新环境已经被认定为世界海洋四大威胁之一。为了解决这一问题,世界海事组织制定并通过了《国际船舶压载水和沉积物控制和管理公约》。该公约将于两年或更长一段时间内,在达到世界海事组织规定的公约加入情况要求后正式生效。本文提供了世界范围内压载水管理方面的信息以及压载水公约的进程。根据对其他国家压载水管理实践以及中国压载水管理现状的分析,本文认为,中国应制定前瞻性战略,在压载水公约生效之前做好充分准备。本文着重分析了压载水处理技术相关问题,包括其市场前景。认为我国应及早加入压载水公约,建议主管机关采取更积极措施,促进压载水处理技术研发的投入,增加研发成果转变为目标产品的可能性,以提升我国在国际舞台的地位。     

满足PSPC要求的舾装生产设计

简要介绍了PSPC标准的基本概况和实施要求,以及实施后对建造和设计产生的影响。以57000DWT散货船为例,简要阐述了舾装生产设计针对油漆保护所采取的应对措施。以图例的方式介绍了各压载水舱内舾装件的布置情况和特点以及现场的建造方法和施工流程。重点讨论了设计过程中的注意要点和现场施工过程中的难点．并提出了有待解决的问题,为以后的生产设计提供了参考。