海事执法自由裁量权的法律思考

海事执法自由裁量权的滥用必将导致执法不公和效率低下的问题,也会严重影响到海事执法活动的顺利进行。文中试图从海事执法自由裁量权的含义、种类、作用等方面进行初步研究,并在对存在问题进行分析的基础上,提出了防止海事执法自由裁量权被滥用的相关建议。     

海事行政执法的主要风险形式及规避对策

近年来，依法行政的要求越来越凸显其重要地位，随着海事管理工作不断发展，海事部门的执法风险也越来越大。如何正确对待海事执法风险，减少行政责任追究，避免引发社会矛盾和问题，已成为新形势下海事执法人员在履行职责中必须研究解决的重要课题。文中在总结海事执法存在的主要风险和环节基础上，具体分析海事执法风险产生的原因，并提出了规避执法风险的相关对策。     

海事船检人才队伍建设的思考

党的十七届四中全会的召开和江苏沿海大开发上升为国家战略，对盐城海事船检发展规划带来深刻影响，水上交通安全监管执法将面临严峻的形势。同时，交通执法体制势必有较大的变革，海事管理也将面临新的课题和新的形势。     

《海事行政执法全过程记录管理办法》起草过程及相关内容说明

建立健全海事行政执法全过程记录,是深入贯彻落实四中全会依法治国若干重大问题的决定及依法行政应当建立的一项重要制度。镇江海事局在率先推行海事执法视音频记录工作规范,不断规范海事执法行为的基础上,代交通运输部海事局起草了《海事行政执法全过程记录管理办法》并将在全国实施。对《海事行政执法全过程记录管理办法》(简称《办法》)的起草背景、起草过程和相关内容进行详细说明,能够让海事执法人员更好地理解和落实《办法》。     

新《海安法》下非现场执法在海事执法领域的应用研究

新修订的《海上交通安全法》将“电子监控”确定为海事管理机构实施监督检查的一种非现场执法手段。在梳理非现场执法内涵和相关法律规定以及非现场执法程序主要内容的基础上,对非现场执法在海事执法领域的应用现状和存在问题进行了分析,提出通过建立健全非现场执法设备技术标准、构建电子监控网络、建立海事非现场执法标准、建立大数据平台和保障电子监控数据安全等方面逐步稳妥推进海事非现场执法,构建标准、规范、高效的非现场执法体系。     

“2009年福建沿海海空联合巡航执法活动”取得圆满成功

3月31日至4月2日，“2009年福建沿海海空联合巡航执法活动”在福建沿海顺利进行，取得圆满成功。此次巡航执法活动是福建海事局首次联合目前全国海事系统最大的海巡船“海巡31”轮开展的福建沿海巡航执法活动，也是福建海事局与交通运输部东海第二救助飞行队签订《关于建立海空救助训练与巡航执法合作机制的协议》后，正式启动的海空救助训练与巡航执法行动。     

海事调查的管辖权

为明确船旗国、沿海国、港口国和其他有关国家对海难或海上事故进行调查的管辖权，便于我国有关部门人员正确履行海事调查职能和国际义务，通过研究《联合国海洋法公约》，IMO有关海事调查公约、规则和指南等国际规定以及我国的相关法律法规，分析我国海事调查管辖在立法和管理体制中存在的问题，提出应加强有关海事调查的国际和国内法研究，适时调整我国的法律制度，进一步完善海事调查的国内法体系，配合法律法规的修改完善海事调查的相关机制，以适应履约的需要。     

在西沙水域实行海事识别制度的可行性分析

文中结合国际海事法律,从法律依据和实际情况两方面来分析其是否具备在我国西沙群岛水域实行海事识别制度的可行性,并建议对海事识别制度提出改进,缩小海事识别制度适用范围,赋予我国海事机构在专属经济区采取措施的权利。     

肇庆海事:全面列装 规范执法

3月15日上午,肇庆海事局举行海事现场执法记录仪全面列装仪式,推进依法行政、规范海事执法、监督执法行为、防范廉政风险。仪式后,肇庆海事局为基层各站点和机关有关业务处室配发了24台执法记录仪,将全面用于船舶现场检查、船舶现场检验、船员履职能力检查、事故现场调查等相关海事业务。执法记录仪的推     

提升海事执法公信力的探讨

文中首先介绍了海事执法公信力的内涵和提升海事执法公信力的意义,紧接着对影响海事执法公信力提升的主要因素进行了分析,最后从海事系统立法、执法制度完善和执法队伍建设等3个方面提出了提升海事执法公信力的建议。     

Measuring the technology gap and logistics performance of individual countries by using a meta-DEA–AR model

This study presents an alternative approach to evaluate the efficiency of the logistics performance index (LPI) of individual countries. This study considers the differences among technology groups by classifying and comparing the countries as high-income Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), high-income non-OECD, upper-middle-income, lower-middle-income, and low-income countries. The meta-frontier data envelopment analysis with assurance regions (Meta-DEA–AR) model is proposed to evaluate LPI scores and differences accurately among groups. For conformity with the ranking of original World Bank LPI, the assurance region of each logistics indicator is obtained by a regression model. The results show that the LPI rankings obtained by the proposed model are very comparable to those of World Bank LPI. Without distorting the rankings, the results offer several managerial suggestions for those countries with inefficiency in their LPIs.     

高大扶壁式挡土墙墙后土压力特性有限元分析

对扶壁式挡土墙进行三维有限元分析,得到了立板后的土压力分布,结果表明:竖向土压力分布先随覆土深度的增加而增大,但到一定深度后,随覆盖土层厚度的增加土压力增大率减小,当覆盖土层厚度增大到一定数值后,土压力几乎不再增大;水平方向的土压力分布受肋板的直接影响,在立板的上部,受肋板的影响较小,土压力分布较为均匀,在立板的下部,受到肋板的影响较大,表现出中部大,两侧小,呈类似“抛物线”型分布,深度越大,这种现象越明显,“抛物线”越集中。     

Achieving an ASEAN single shipping market: shipping and logistics firms’ perspective

ABSTRACT

To establish an Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Single Shipping Market (ASSM) is an important part of ASEAN governments’ overall plan to achieve an ASEAN Economic Community by 2015. It is expected that a single shipping market will improve the region’s logistics performance and international competitiveness. To achieve this vision, however, the ASEAN countries need to remove any remaining barriers to logistics performance. In this light, the objective of this paper is to identify these barriers and assess their effects on the logistics performance of shipping and logistics firms based in ASEAN countries. Using a questionnaire-based survey, the study revealed several barriers affecting their logistics performance with varying significance among these countries. Unless these barriers from the perspective of the industry are removed, the ability of the shipping and logistics industry to benefit from a liberalized market would be limited. These perceived barriers are examined in detail and strategies to address them are proposed. The ASEAN experience is applicable to similar countries in the process of integrating their international shipping sector as well as contributes to the understanding of the different barriers and how these barriers can affect the logistics performance of shipping and logistics companies.     

舟山海域油品码头布局与溢油风险评估

提出了一个基于不确定性分析理论的区域油品码头空间布局的溢油风险模拟与评估方法。该方法可系统分析沿海区域油品码头空间布局及其产生的海域溢油风险的空间分布规律,能够满足我国当前近海高强度开发形势下战略环评和环境风险评估的技术需求。以舟山海域为研究对象,通过油品码头布局模型和不确定性分析,对舟山海域进行综合溢油风险评估,结果表明该方法可以用于综合评估某一海区的溢油风险水平;基于溢油风险概率和污染损害的时空分布,依据风险值集中度最大及风险总值最小的原则,能够实现多种码头布局方案下的海域溢油风险水平的综合比较,并得到最优油品码头布局方案。     

An analysis and comparison of multinational officers of the watch in the global maritime labor market

ABSTRACT

Officer of the watch (OOW) is an important part of the maritime labor market. For many years, countries have been improving their development of OOWs for the maritime market, in terms of both quantity and quality. As the supply of qualified OOWs for maritime transportation is such an important issue, shipping companies recruit multinational OOWs for both economic and socio-cultural reasons. This study aims to identify the qualifications of an ideal officer that holds office on commercial ships, and to make a comparison among Filipino, Chinese, Indian, Eastern European and Turkish OOWs. The research takes into account expert opinions of a number of shipping companies that employ multinational seafarers. A Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) technique is applied in this study to assist in the comparison of officers. A number of main and sub-criteria are outlined to determine both positive and negative aspects of OOWs from the selected countries for decision making purposes. This study allows maritime countries to evaluate their maritime education and training policies for selection and assessment of OOWs.     

具有波浪补偿功能的沿海采矿船研发

根据沿海采矿的工况条件,研发一种沿海海域采掘矿砂的采矿船。该船主台车定位桩系统带波浪补偿功能,可满足在沿海较恶劣海况下的采矿作业。本项目的实施,将大大提升疏浚工程领域和采矿领域的先进技术、我国海洋采矿产业的系统研发和产业化转化能力,加速我国海工装备产品的结构调整,创立具有国际影响力的自主品牌,对增强我国海工装备的国际市场竞争力具有十分重要的作用。     

(Law for the Promotion of Competition and Consumer Protection) was passed in early 1995. The impact this law will eventually have, however, is uncertain because rules for its implementation have not yet been established.

Governments in their port reform efforts have experimented with liberalization and commercialization to improve port operations. Because of their failure to meet expectations or because of changing competitive environments, these options have generally been discarded in favour of privatization. In mature large-volume port systems, privatization was a relatively obvious solution, because interport or interterminal competition would be achieved to the extent that the monopolistic tendencies characteristic of their predecessor organizations would cease to exist. In countries with a limited number of ports having relatively small cargo volumes, however, the case is quite different. These countries would have to pursue strategies that would still induce competition in spite of their limited cargo volumes if they hoped to achieve the same privatization benefits and market disciplines enjoyed in other countries. This article examines the port reform approaches used in three distinct competitive settings;the experiences in these countries offer some guidance on how to assure that ports will feel competitive pressures even under conditions of limited cargo volumes.     

Merchant fleet development by legislation: lessons from West and Central Africa

In the late 1960s and early 1970s, several developing maritime nations began to invoke their 'legitimate right' to carry, in their own vessels, cargo generated by their own import and export trades as one way to reverse their underdevelopment and dependency on traditional maritime nations. Consequently, they embarked on the establishment and development of national merchant fleets by means of cargo reservation legislation and flag discrimination practices. West and Central African states have pursued a vigorous policy of merchant fleet development for over two decades. This study examines some of the cargo reservation policies and flag discrimination practices in West and Central Africa and concludes that these two measures alone are insufficient to build up a significant merchant marine. Merchant fleet development depends equally on the resolution of problems such as shortage of ship finance or capital, disruptive bureaucratic politics among the state agencies concerned with shipping, low volume of trade, and contradictory and ambivalent fiscal and macroeconomic policies in these countries that impede the development of the maritime sector.     

Online channel strategies under different offline channel power structures for the Belt and Road of China

ABSTRACT

This paper explores the online channel strategies adopted by Chinese manufacturers with regard to the Belt and Road. It also investigates the effect of offline channel power structures and maritime transportation costs on online channel mode selection and pricing strategies. The offline channel power structures are classified into three types, namely, Chinese manufacturer Stackelberg (MS) structure, vertical Nash (VN) structure, and foreign retailer Stackelberg (RS) structure. Furthermore, a game model is developed among the Chinese manufacturer, foreign retailer, and cross-border e-tailer to investigate the interactions among offline channel power structures, maritime transportation costs, and Chinese manufacturers’ online channel mode selection. The results show that Chinese manufacturers’ preferences for the online agency selling mode increases correspondingly with the decrease in their market position and bargaining power. Moreover, foreign retailers can obtain higher profits in the online agency selling mode under the VN structure. However, the level of profit for foreign retailers depends on the intensity of their competition with cross-border e-tailers under the MS and RS structures. Finally, consumers in countries along the Belt and Road can obtain a higher surplus in the online agency selling mode under all of the structures.     

澜沧江—湄公河国际航运环境影响调查分析

采用SPSS统计方法,通过对澜沧江—湄公河沿岸四国居民、船员的问卷调查分析及不同时期、地点的相关环境监测数据对比分析得出:开展澜沧江国际航运十年来对沿江自然环境影响不大,但对社会环境影响较大,沿岸四国各利益群体间对进一步加快航运发展意见不一。对此提出了相应的对策措施建议。