承上启下继往开来--庆贺修船技术学术委员会20华诞

今年是修船技术学委会成立20周年,20年来修船技术学委会在中国造船工程学会和各级领导机关、挂靠单位及修船行业各单位帮助和支持下,经过委员们共同努力,取得了可喜成绩.特别是1996年第四届修船学委会挂靠到海军装备修理部以来,做了不少工作,本文重点回顾这一届学委会部分工作,以示庆贺.     

《国外船舶维修研究文集》出版

在院校、研究所等单位的修船同行教授、专家、学者帮助下，修船技术学委会组织编辑《国 外船舶维修研究文集》在日前出版。文集收集了国外近年来船舶维修管理、视情维修、四新 技术、防污防腐、战场抢修等文章32篇，近28万字。该文集是继《海军装备维修》编辑部出 版的《外国海军舰艇维修》译文集专辑第11集后可以借鉴国外修船经验的一本读物。     

百年沧桑 庆祝广州中船黄埔造船有限公司160华诞

二、华南海军修船基地的建立和发展 黄埔修造船厂的建设和发展是在党中央和军委的亲切关怀和支持下进行的，1951年开始基建，至1955年已建设成为华南海军修船基地，并在此基础上逐步发展造船业：在省、市领导的关心鼓励下，造船厂发挥军工厂的特长，积极支援地方社会主义建设，职工的文化教育事业和生活福利也获得初步改善。     

乘风破浪会有时——访海军4806工厂厂长沈继军

阳春2月，北国还是寒风凛冽，而地处东海之滨的千岛新城——舟山市却是 一片春意盎然的景象，在这美丽的春日里，笔者采访了海军4806工厂厂长沈继军。 刚刚过去的一年，海军4806工厂在沈继军厂长的带领下，全厂干部、职工认真落实“内 抓管理，以成本、质量为重点；外争市场，以技术创新为先导”的经营方针，在各方面取得 了长足的进步，经济效益大幅提高，创下了工业总产值和销售收入双双突破亿元大关的历史 最好成绩，工厂在激烈的市场竞争中站稳了脚跟，得到了发展。 沈厂长热情地向我们介绍说，海军4806厂创建于1951年，经过几代人的艰苦奋斗，现已发 展成为海军大型舰船修造企业。〖HK〗 修船是4806工厂的主导产品。工厂的设施设备都是根据修船的需要而配置的。配套齐全的修 船设施再加上一支技术精、作风硬的维修队伍，确保了修船任务的圆满完成。随着海军舰船 装备的不断更新和发展，使我厂的修船能力在实践中得到了快速增长，从建厂初期只能修理 50 t以下的小艇发展到现在能承修海军大型现代化水面舰艇和万吨级辅助船只。我们厂不仅 以最好的质量及时完成军品修船任务和战备突击抢修任务，保证了海上战斗力。同时，我厂 还多次完成了大型客船的改装和维修，承接过2万t的民用货船的修理。由于我厂注重修船 质量和周期，价格合理，以对待军船修理同样严谨负责的态度对待民船修理，因而受到了船 方的一致好评。新的一年里，我们还将积极创造条件，以取得舰船修理质量体系认证。     

学习借鉴 以民促军 推动舰船维修进步发展

30年光阴,弹指一挥间,修造船大国梦想成真。伴随着国家修造船和海军舰船装备的快速发展,海军修船企业也经历了修理能力和管理水平的同步提高,中国造船工程学会修船技术学术委员会(以下简称"学委会")发挥了积极的推动作用。     

《中国修船》杂志征稿启事

1．《中国修船》杂志的办刊特点是实用性与科学性相结合，理论与实践相结合。探讨修船企事业单位的发展方向和模式，介绍修船新工艺、新技术，切磋保证修船质量、缩短修船周期、提高修船效率的有效措施。文章力求有前瞻性、先进性、实用性。     

《中国修船》征稿启事

1．《中国修船》杂志的办刊特点是实用性与科学性相结合，理论与实践相结合。探讨修船企事业单位的发展方向和模式，介绍修船新工艺、新技术，切磋保证修船质量、缩短修船周期、提高修船效率的有效措施。文章力求有前瞻性、先进性、实用性。     

《中国修船》征稿启事

1．《中国修船》的办刊特点是实用性与科学性相结合，理论与实践相结合。探讨修船企事业单位的发展方向和模式，介绍修船新工艺、新技术，切磋保证修船质量、缩短修船周期、提高修船效率的有效措施。文章力求有前瞻性、先进性、实用性。     

《中国修船》征稿启事

1．《中国修船》的办刊特点是实用性与科学性相结合，理论与实践相结合。探讨修船企事业单位的发展方向和模式，介绍修船新工艺、新技术，切磋保证修船质量、缩短修船周期、提高修船效率的有效措施。文章力求有前瞻性、先进性、实用性。     

激光技术在船舶维修中的应用

文章通过近几年来工厂在船舶维修业上的发展，阐述了激光技术在船舶维修中的应用，使船舶维修质量得到了进一步提高。在海军装备维修保障及民船维修工程中，大量广泛地运用先进的科学技术，进行检验、确认、检测，必将使海军装备保障与民用船舶维修质量更加提高，修船业必将快速、稳定地发展。     

船舶制造技术成熟度评估系统

在船舶制造中,技术成熟度的评估意识薄弱且缺少信息化手段。通过确定评估指标、设定权重,建立船舶制造技术成熟度评估系统,由系统计算成熟度的得分和等级,从总体设计、建造工艺、船厂建造资源能力、船舶研制定型后等方面进行评估。该系统可减少返工带来的时间成本、人力成本,提高船舶制造技术成熟度评估的科学性、准确性、可靠性、灵活性及效率。     

港口系统设备钢轨连接技术

港口系统设备一般外型尺寸和质量较大，多采用截面积较大的起重机钢轨作为行走轨道。根据港口系统设备使用特点和工程施工现场条件，结合码头和堆场结构，借鉴轻轨和重轨的无缝连接技术，对各种焊接工艺进行比较，分析钢轨的材料组成和焊接过程内部组织变化，推荐一种保证设备使用安全和操作人员舒适度、连接质量稳定、便于维护、操作简便、满足港口系统设备钢轨安装现场要求的连接方法和工艺,有助于实现工期目标，可推广应用于矿山、港口、电厂、码头及堆场等大质量机车或起重设备的钢轨连接。     

面向复杂装备AR辅助维修的混合跟踪技术研究

装备维修是生产制造、作业运转的基础,特别是在船舶、航空等领域。由于在维修过程中装备结构复杂、维修人员经验技术不足和缺少直观维修手段导致容易导致维修效率低下和操作出错。因此,通过研究基于增强现实的装备维修方案,直观交互地进行维修作业,能够有效地提升维修的质量和效率。由于装备体型较大,结构复杂,给跟踪定位带来了新的困难,针对实际的工程需求,创新性地将主流方法进行结合,提出了多Marker和ORB-SLAM混合跟踪的方法。通过二次调整多Marker定位结果的动态权值,提高局部定位维修的精度和可靠性。分析比较现有的特征点算法,选择ORB-SLAM作为方案,实现全局的定位和导航,对维修过程给以指导,并设计开发装备诱导维修系统,为大型复杂设备地维修提供了通用解决方案。     

A Review of Whale-Watching and Whaling with Applications for the Caribbean

Whale-watching is a significant and growing tourism industry worldwide. Whaling has a long history and, although largely curtailed today, still occurs in a few countries around the world and in the Caribbean. Whaling has been labeled an incompatible activity with whale-watching because, in some cases, it reduces the number of whales available for use and changes whale behavior. Moreover, in some situations, whale-watching generates greater revenue than whaling, and whaling may detrimentally affect the larger tourism industry because of negative attitudes toward whaling by whale-watchers, other tourists, and host communities. This article examines the potential impacts of whaling on the whale-watching and tourism industries, and places these impacts in the Caribbean context. In doing so, the article outlines the history and current status of whale-watching in the Caribbean, outlines other potential constraints, and highlights the need for research about the impacts and roles of these industries. In the highly competitive global tourism industry, maintaining and nurturing a country's tourism image is critically important.     

High-resolution surveys of the biogeochemistry of the New England shelfbreak front during Summer, 2002

We present the observations from a pair of field experiments at the New England shelfbreak front in June and August of 2002, each consisting of 14 cross-frontal surveys using the Lamont Pumping SeaSoar. Measurements of the front's physical, chemical, and bio-optical characteristics were made at high spatial and temporal resolution. The front, based on water-column hydrographic distributions, was found within a few km of the 200 m isobath during both cruises. We present here composite sections, based on averages of individual sections shifted in space to a common frontal location, of the cross-frontal distributions of these properties as a measure of the mean state of the front in both June and August. The observations show the familiar temperature, salinity, and density distributions of the summertime front, dominated by surface thermal heating. Nutrient and bio-optical distributions show the combined effects of water-mass exchange and biological processes. T, S, silicate, and phosphate distributions are suggestive of cross-frontal exchange of slope- and shelf waters, although transport mechanisms and pathways are not apparent. These properties, along with nitrate and optical measures of the suspended particle distributions, show vertical displacements of isopleths as the front is approached: property contours slope upwards toward the front from the shoreward side, and downwards toward the front from the seaward side. Again, actual water-movement pathways are not constrained by these suggestive patterns. Bio-optical distributions show elevated indicators of photosynthetic efficiency both seaward and shoreward of the front, but the front itself is a minimum in biomass. Accumulation of photosynthetic biomass appears to be controlled primarily by nitrate scarcity in waters within and above the pycnocline. At the base of the pycnocline, light limitation appears to be the controlling factor, although the base of the euphotic zone is deeper than the biomass maxima and the base of the pycnocline. Mechanisms explaining this phenomenon are unclear, but tenuous evidence suggests low stratification at the depth of the 1% light level may not allow phytoplankton to optimize for the low-light, high-nutrient conditions at depth. Cross-frontal differences in nutrient and bio-optical parameters, particularly in August, suggest distinct phytoplankton assemblages, and the presence of calcite-forming or nitrogen fixing groups to the community structure, especially in very shallow waters across the front and in pycnocline waters seaward of the front.     

How much can public private partnership really do for urban transport in developing countries?

A few cities in some of the larger developing countries in Latin America and Asia have made increasing use of multi-year concessions or franchises, competitively awarded to private companies, for construction and operation of urban transport infrastructure and for provision of public transport services. In view of the strong prospective growth of developing-country cities with large transport needs, and the rise in the emerging economies of potential new sources of private capital, it is important to see how effective PPP has so far been in this area. The experience is analyzed principally by thorough comparative review of what has actually happened for some of the main users to date: Bogotá, Santiago, São Paulo, Seoul, and several cities in both China and India. Despite delays and mistakes that have been made in development of most of the projects, the overall results, already delivered and in prospect, are very positive and urban public transport is benefiting substantially, with significant side effects on poorer people's access to work and to services, air pollution levels and road accident rates. The widest and most important advantage of the PPP arrangements, as compared with more conventional short-term contracting, is found to be the innovations, technical and managerial, developed, and, in particular, the mutual capacity building of the countries' private and public sectors and their more effective interaction. The experience in the six countries covered suggests that other developing-country cities may be best assisted to develop sound urban transport PPPs more rapidly through provision of help on chosen items among 7 elements that have proved particularly crucial but sometimes weak in the projects reviewed: Civic consultation systems, Land-use/Transport strategic planning, Land/property market management, Monitoring systems, Progressive policies, Economic regulation, and Public institutional framework for PPPs.     

防波堤及护岸越浪研究综述

近年来防波堤越浪方面的相关研究,分别在越浪影响因素、越浪量计算公式推导论证、越浪数值模拟与越浪量标准4个方面进行归纳总结.已有成果表明:1)越浪影响因素的研究多是集中于常规因素,包括波高周期,堤顶高程,坡肩宽度,护面块体,而对水流、风速、波浪谱以及水的性质等其他因素研究相对较少;2)越浪量计算公式研究中主要集中在影响越...     

广西沿海重力式码头病害分析

采用现场调查的方法,统计分析广西沿海重力式码头病害,主要有裂缝、水工结构附属设施病害、结构破损、不均匀沉降与位移、漏砂、基床淘刷等,讨论病害与泊位吨级、运营时间的关系以及病害的成因与危害,提出病害防治措施。     

三维航道GIS中大型场景的动态组织与可视化技术研究

三维可视化技术以其直观、逼真、实时、动态等特征,目前己成为港口、海岸、航道、运河等相关领域进行科学研究、工程设计、管理与决策的重要手段。文中在对基于该技术实现的天津港三维港区与航道信息管理系统进行简单介绍的基础上,重点研究了基于空间网格索引技术、Delaunay三角网技术与LOD技术的港口地面景观与地形模型的动态组织与管理,以及基于多线程技术和OpenGL的显示列表技术的子场景块与专题信息的实时读取与渲染,并对动态海洋、全景天空、水下地形仿真与漫游、交互操作与信息查询等作了深入探讨。实践表明,文中所开发的三维可视化系统中大数据量、复杂的场景对绘制的速度影响并不大,场景逼真度高,能进行实时操作与漫游,可以满足航道与港口三维可视化、空间分析与管理的需要。     

Matching biological traits to environmental conditions in marine benthic ecosystems

The effects of variability in environmental conditions on species composition in benthic ecosystems are well established, but relatively little is known about how environmental variability relates to ecosystem functioning. Benthic invertebrate assemblages are heavily involved in the maintenance of ecological processes and investigation of the biological characteristics (traits) expressed in these assemblages can provide information about some aspects of functioning. The aim of this study was to establish and explore relationships between environmental variability and biological traits expressed in megafauna assemblages in two UK regions. Patterns of trait composition were matched to environmental conditions and subsets of variables best describing these patterns determined. The nature of the relationships were subsequently examined at two separate scales, both between and within the regions studied. Over the whole area, some traits related to size, longevity, reproduction, mobility, flexibility, feeding method, sociability and living habit were negatively correlated with salinity, sea surface temperature, annual temperature range and the level of fishing effort, and positively associated with fish taxon richness and shell content of the substratum. Between the two regions, reductions in temperature range and shell content were associated with infrequent relative occurrences of short-lived, moderately mobile, flexible, solitary, opportunistic, permanent-burrow dwelling fauna and those exhibiting reproductive strategies based on benthic development. Relationships between some traits and environmental conditions diverged within the two regions, with increases in fishing effort and shell content of the substratum being associated with low frequencies of occurrence of moderately mobile and moderately to highly flexible fauna within one region, but high frequencies in the other. These changes in trait composition have implications for ecosystem processes, with, for example, reductions in permanent-burrow dwellers within one of the regions potentially compromising the ability of the assemblages to process and store chemicals and waste products. However, the connections between environmental conditions and trait composition are complex and incorporate many factors. Experimental investigations will be necessary to determine the extent and consequences of these important relationships.