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《现代隧道技术》2021,(1)
公路隧道疲劳缓解灯光带的设置可以改善隧道内视觉环境,但其形式设计过于复杂会导致驾驶员的注意力过多地转移到灯光带上,危害驾驶安全。基于此,文章依托杨林特长隧道,利用眼动仪对驾驶员在隧道内以及疲劳缓解灯光带段的眼动特征进行现场测试,通过对比得到疲劳缓解灯光带对眼动特征的影响规律。研究结果表明:在灯光带段内驾驶员的注视范围扩大,呈线状向两侧隧道壁分布;驾驶员在疲劳缓解灯光带段内对隧道壁的注视时间更长,但仍远小于对中央主视区远方的注视时间;疲劳缓解灯光带段驾驶员在中央主视区远方的眼动类型几乎均为注视,而在两侧隧道壁的区域眼跳占据一定比例;在通过杨林特长隧道疲劳缓解灯光带时驾驶员主要关注的仍是前方的道路情况,驾驶员可以较为容易地获得并感知墙壁图案提供的信息。 相似文献
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正当前,交通行业正在快速发展,出行的车辆越来越多,人们对汽车的安全性要求也越来越高。2018年,我国的交通事故发生数量为364.3万起,相较2017年下降了44个百分点,其中约11.3%的事故起因来自于驾驶员在驾驶时出现了精神疲劳,疲劳驾驶正成为威胁驾驶员生命的主要因素,为了保障驾 相似文献
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结合营运性驾驶员管理的现状及驾驶适应性检测的重要性,本文提出将营运性驾驶员适应性检测方案推广应用于营运性驾驶员的准入机制、继续教育培训、退出机制等安全管理过程中,为营运性驾驶员的安全管理提供了有效的保障措施。 相似文献
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《综合运输》2019,(8)
为得到驾驶员在高原环境下心率变异性特点,利用Biopac多导生理仪在高原公路对28位驾驶员进行实地测试,采集驾驶员行车过程中的心电。分析了不同海拔、前后车速度差影响下,驾驶员心率变异性指标LF/HF的变化情况,同时建立LF/HF与影响因素的相关性模型。结果表明:由于驾驶员持续驾驶,人体逐渐疲劳,所以每个驾驶员的心率变异性指标LF/HF均处于升高的趋势;上行过程中受到海拔升高的影响,为了使机体能迅速适应高原缺氧环境,交感神经活动增加,和下行过程相比,LF/HF升高的趋势更强烈;前后车速度差越小,LF/HF越高,因为速度差越小驾驶员紧张程度越高,交感神经的活动性越高。 相似文献
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道路交通是社会经济发展、人们出行的重要基础,安全、舒适的道路设计是提升驾驶员行车效率的关键.从诸多道路交通安全事故原因中进行分析,发现为数不少的交通事故与驾驶员的视错觉、视觉疲劳、通视范围受限等情况有关.视觉分析是帮助设计师提高道路设计质量、减少道路错觉的一种手段,应用在道路设计中能够起到使行车更安全、更舒适的效果.本文主要分析常见的道路视觉问题,探讨视觉分析在道路设计中的具体应用. 相似文献
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《运输经理世界》2012,(9):136
8月26日,延安发生特大交通事故后,省委副书记、省长赵正永赶到现场查看事故情况,他要求公安、交通等部门本周拿出方案,一周后"必须取消‘红眼客车’",赵正永强调,"长途客车驾驶员凌晨两点后强制休息。"仿照"红眼航班"的命名方式,有人将夜行跨省客车命名为"红眼客车",指由于跨越省境长时间行驶,司机容易疲倦。由于绝大多数"红眼客车"都是日夜兼程,驾驶员的人体生物钟完全被打乱(或被破坏)。开疲劳车就成了"红眼客车"司机的"家常便饭",导致深夜行车时,司机难以准确判断前方路况,碰上危急情况时处于迟钝状态,难以迅速采取避险措施。交通部门的统计表明,疲劳驾驶已经成为道路交通事故高发的重要原因,尤其是在夏季。数据显示疲劳驾驶易发生交通事故的时间为深夜或中午。事故后,取消"**客车"成为"必备方案",我们是否可以从源头上找原因? 相似文献
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2007年春节期间,北京市平均每天一起道路危化品运输安全事故.2007年4月24日金陵交运危险品分公司在山东曲阜发生一起因驾驶员疲劳驾驶,车辆撞护栏造成侧翻、货物泄漏、押运员受伤的重大道路交通事故,直接经济损失24万元. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTThis paper presents a nonintrusive prototype computer vision system for real-time fatigue driving detection. First, we use Haar-like features to detect a driver’s face and conduct tracking by introducing an improved Camshift algorithm. Second, we propose a new eye-detection algorithm that combines the Adaboost algorithm with template matching to reduce computational costs and add an eye-validation process to increase the accuracy of the detection rate. Third, and different from other methods focusing on detecting eyes using the ‘bright pupil’ effect, which only works well only for certain constrained lighting conditions, our method detects and estimates the iris center in the hue (H) channel of the hue, saturation, value color space and fits the iris with an ellipse. After extracting the eye fatigue features, we calculate the PERCLOS measurement for fatigue evaluation. This system has been tested on the IMM Face Database, which contains more than 200 faces, and in a real-time test. The experimental results show that the system possesses good accuracy and robustness. 相似文献
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针对管道的疲劳失效分析,以概率论为基础,结合确定性的疲劳断裂力学估算方法,推导了管道的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命的计算公式.考虑到主要评定参数:初始裂纹尺寸、工况载荷、断裂韧性、机械强度、系数等的不确定性和随机性,应用蒙特卡罗模拟法对这些具有某种特定分布的随机变量进行了随机抽样计算.并利用数值积分法编制了计算机程序,求出在一定可靠度和置信度下的疲劳寿命,并与理论计算方法求得的疲劳寿命进行了比较.还比较了不同初始裂纹尺寸和断裂韧性对疲劳寿命的影响,并给出了算例.分析结果表明:蒙特卡罗模拟法真实地反映评定参数客观存在的不确定性,克服了确定性评定方法的缺点,具有良好的工程指导意义. 相似文献
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采用管道失效评估方法可评估静载荷作用下缺陷是否满足适用要求。但在内压等交变载荷作用下,输油管道环焊缝仍存在疲劳破坏的可能。为评估管道环焊缝缺陷的疲劳寿命,进行管道母材和环焊缝疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验,并分析和统计管道实际运行压力数据以及环焊缝缺陷开挖验证数据,采用BS7910标准方法计算疲劳寿命值。结果显示在仅考虑管道内压波动情况下,管道环焊缝平面型缺陷的疲劳寿命结果满足管道设计使用要求。 相似文献
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Human fatigue continues to threaten safe transport. There are claims that employers of operators should do more to mitigate the risks, and several regulators are promoting fatigue-risk management in the context of safety management systems (SMS). The current paper reviews fatigue-related risk and exposure factors and control measures for operators of land- and sea-based transport forms. Our review identifies 13 types of measures for the monitoring or control of fatigue risks: optimal staffing; optimal schedule design; optimisation of breaks/naps; monitoring of actual hours worked; optimisation of work content; monitoring and feedback of actual sleep; health screening and treatment; promotion of recovery from work; fitness-for-duty testing; monitoring of fatigue symptoms while operating; control of fatigue while operating; performance monitoring and assistance; and fatigue-proofing. We also identify two systemic measures needed to anchor risk mitigation in SMS: organisational learning and training/other. By structuring monitoring and control measures along Dawson and McCulloch’s [Managing fatigue: It’s about sleep. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 9(5), 365–380] fatigue-risk trajectory, a framework is obtained that acts as a guide for fatigue-risk management by transport employers. To inform transport managers further, evaluations are needed of the effectiveness of individual control measures as well as whole fatigue-risk management interventions. 相似文献
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Stephane Hess David A. Hensher 《Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice》2012,46(3):626-644
Stated choice surveys are used extensively in the study of choice behaviour across many different areas of research, notably in transport. One of their main characteristics in comparison with most types of revealed preference (RP) surveys is the ability to capture behaviour by the same respondent under varying choice scenarios. While this ability to capture multiple choices is generally seen as an advantage, there is a certain amount of unease about survey length. The precise definition about what constitutes a large number of choice tasks however varies across disciplines, and it is not uncommon to see surveys with up to twenty tasks per respondent in some areas. The argument against this practice has always been one of reducing respondent engagement, which could be interpreted as a result of fatigue or boredom, with frequent reference to the findings of Bradley and Daly (1994) who showed a significant drop in utility scale, i.e. an increase in error, as a respondent moved from one choice experiment to the next, an effect they related to respondent fatigue. While the work by Bradley and Daly has become a standard reference in this context, it should be recognised that not only was the fatigue part of the work based on a single dataset, but the state-of-the-art and the state-of-practice in stated choice survey design and implementation has moved on significantly since their study. In this paper, we review other literature and present a more comprehensive study investigating evidence of respondent fatigue across a larger number of different surveys. Using a comprehensive testing framework employing both Logit and mixed Logit structures, we provide strong evidence that the concerns about fatigue in the literature are possibly overstated, with no clear decreasing trend in scale across choice tasks in any of our studies. For the data sets tested, we find that accommodating any scale heterogeneity has little or no impact on substantive model results, that the role of constants generally decreases as the survey progresses, and that there is evidence of significant attribute level (as opposed to scale) heterogeneity across choice tasks. 相似文献
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