隧道内新型组合轨枕块式无砟轨道结构分析

针对复杂艰险山区铁路隧道内区段较为严重且整治难度较大的基础变形病害,提出了一种隧道内新型组合轨枕块式无砟轨道,能充分适应轨道下部基础的变形,并基于有限元法对该结构的不同参数进行了力学分析。结果表明:为保证钢轨垂横向位移及轨道结构各部分所受拉应力值较小,建议组合式轨枕块的长宽高分别为830,276,140 mm;凹槽的深度宽度分别为80,970 mm;凸出高度为60 mm;为保证结构的整体性,建议组合式轨枕块选取聚氨酯材料;列车在新型组合轨枕式无砟轨道上运行时,其安全性与平顺性均满足要求。     

庄行镇水利小包围工程分析

奉贤区庄行镇地处低洼,易受涝灾。随着大暴雨频率增加及地区经济的发展,低洼地区的防洪排涝日显重要,直接影响人民生活关系密切的居民区,更需及时解决排水除涝问题,以确保人民安居乐业。该文在对该地区水情作模型分析的基础上,提出实施水利小包围工程的建设意见,在小范围内彻底解决防洪排涝问题,减少大暴雨造成的损失。     

灵宝环城斜交桥病害分析与加固技术

在分析灵宝环城大桥病害的基础上提出斜交桥上下部整体加固设计方法。该推荐方案为基本构件和节点碳纤维加固和桥面浇筑整体化钢筋混凝土层、基础砌筑片石混凝土防护。该方案不仅提高了桥梁结构的整体刚度和承载力,达到荷载等级提高的目的;而且很好地控制裂缝的发展。通过对比加固前后静载和动载数据,得出该推荐方案在旧桥加固中的优势。     

全站仪免棱镜测距技术在隧道施工测量中的应用

通过全站仪在隧道施工测量的现场使用,详细地总结了免棱镜测距技术在隧道开挖与衬砌过程中的具体使用方法,能够有效的减少传统隧道工程测量中断面放样及检查对施工速度的影响,为施工决策提供数据基础,避免了超挖、欠挖,为整个工程顺利完成提供了基础保证.     

盾构到达突发涌水处理及水中到达方案分析

盾构到达时易出现涌水、涌砂、上覆土体坍塌等事故,是盾构施工的重大风险点之一。通过盾构到达突发涌水事故解决实例,介绍事故发生后采用钢筋混凝土接收洞室进行盾构水中到达的施工经验。钢筋混凝土接收洞室基于平衡到达理念,采用密闭的箱型混凝土结构与隧道洞门密闭连接,并在箱体内灌入填充物,以达到与土层压力平衡,模拟盾构在土体中的掘进状态,使盾构安全进入接收洞室内。     

双洞互补式通风系统在两河隧道中的应用研究

针对两河特长公路隧道左右线通风负荷差异较大的情况,采用双洞互补式通风设计理论及方法,对两河隧道通风系统进行优化设计。采用横向通风道使上下行隧道形成整体通风网络,以下坡隧道内污染物浓度较低的空气去稀释上坡隧道中污染严重的空气,使2条隧道内的通风均满足娩范要求。互补式通风方式充分利用隧道内部空间与下坡隧道的富裕通风能力,取消通风竖井,使通风系统整体经济效益得到显著提高。     

山区第四系堆积物边坡工程地质分类及施工

依据工程建设对边坡变形、稳定的要求,结合中国目前公路工程地质勘查、路基设计和施工的实践经验,针对山区第四系松散堆积物与基岩构成的自然边坡,尝试建立一种简洁、清晰的工程地质分类,使施工建设者更容易理解和把握不同类型自然边坡的内在规律,避免设计缺陷和失误,防止人为灾害和工程隐患。     

勘察设计单位知识型员工的管理思考

对于知识密集、人才密集的勘察设计单位,发挥好勘察设计单位知识型员工在资源配置中的作用,建立有效的管理和激励机制,调动其积极性和主动性,具有重要意义。该文论述了勘察设计单位知识型员工管理上的几点看法,可供企业管理人员参考。     

岭南高速公路路基填筑施工技术研究

岭南高速公路处于豫西丘陵山区,由于料源紧张及土地征用、运输等费用原因,在山区填筑路基往往只能就地取土或利用边坡、隧道开挖的风化岩石渣进行填筑,以节约成本和加快施工进度。为了保证路基的填筑质量,增强路基的整体稳定性,通过详细调查并结合土工试验,提出采用强风化岩进行路基填筑方案,并进行填筑工艺试验,取得了成功。     

基于 NTCIP 协议快速路匝道控制器的设计与实现

匝道控制决定了城市快速路进出口匝道以及与之关联的地面道路交通状况,为确保快速路匝道控制与 ITS 系统组成各单元彼此间的“互操作性”和“互换性”。基于 ARM9G20的 CPU 核心板,实现了多接口控制和扩展的匝道控制器,根据 NTCIP 协议中1207匝道交通信号控制协议 MIB 的内容,构建了包含完整对象操作内容的结构体,通过管理中心和匝道控制器间 SNMP 信息报文接收、发送,完成对数据库中对象的读取、设置,实现 NTCIP 1207中相应功能和灯组交通配时的控制,从而解决不同匝道控制器协调、通信上的障碍。      

工程设计阶段造价控制的探索与研究

随着我国社会主义市场经济体制的逐步建立,投资多元化格局的逐步形成,用有限的资金投入取得最佳的社会及经济效应,是政府、企业或业主的共同期望。在建设项目投资管理中,工程造价的控制贯穿于工程建设全过程。在全过程的投资控制中,设计阶段的造价控制是降低工程造价,提高投资效益,促进我国建筑市场健康、持续、稳定发展的重要环节。如何真正地、有效地合理确定和控制设计阶段的工程造价,己经成为迫切需要解决的问题。该文根据我国工程造价管理体制改革和国外工程造价管理的特点,在深入分析设计阶段影响工程造价因素的基础上,提出了合理确定和有效地控制设计阶段工程造价的途径和方法,对完善设计阶段工程造价管理体制提出了一些有益的建议。     

城市地下空间开发规划与设计——亚洲稠密城市经验研究

由于地下空间开发的不可逆性,为使城市可持续发展,地下空间开发应当合理调研、规划及管理。在大多数城市,由于缺乏地下空间整体开发利用规划,没有相应的明确政策和行政指引,开发引导因素不足,导致地下空间开发往往形成相对单一独立的项目。在亚洲2个人口密集城市——香港和新加坡的地下空间开发经验的基础上,审视地下空间开发经常被忽视但益发重要的课题,这就是如何通过城市规划设计,发挥地下空间资源协调和平衡利用。     

施工索赔策略与技巧分析

承包商承包工程的目的是为盈利,而在目前建筑市场的压价竞争导致的低价甚至是低于成本价的大环境下,传统观念上的施工要想取得较好的盈利是很困难的。索赔似乎成了改变承包商命运的途径之一。该文根据笔者多年从事工程建设的经验,认为要做好索赔工作,索赔策略与技巧尤为关键,并就此作了探讨。     

The cognitive training needs of older drivers

According to a recent publication (OECD, 2001), in many OECD member countries one in four persons will be aged 65 or over in 2030. The significant increase in the number of driving licence holders means the percentage of older drivers will follow this trend. With age, many structural and functional changes occur leading to declines in the ability to perform common daily tasks and to a continuous need for medication. Both these factors affect driving skills. Moreover, changes in driving laws, or modifications (even temporary) in the road environment, may cause confusion and disorientation. Following a review of the literature on age-related declines and their effects on the driver’s activity and compensatory behaviours, this article suggests that the cognitive plasticity concept should be further developed in order to design adequate training programmes centred on systematic cognitive stimulation. The scientific evidence for adult cognitive plasticity suggests that cognitive training may become an important means of reversing or preventing age-related cognitive declines. On its own, an adequate road environment may not be able to improve road safety, an appropriate training programme is also required in order to slow down and/or prevent age-related declines in cognitive abilities, particularly those involved in driving. Also, telematic systems may allow older people to delay mobility loss by adding to their existing compensatory strategies, but a generation effect could cause the elderly to avoid using them. Therefore, training programmes should include adequate materials to familiarize older drivers with new technology, being designed according to current scientific knowledge in the area of cognitive training and aim to meet the identified needs of older drivers. Finally, older drivers should be encouraged to take part in specific re-training programmes, which should be widely available. To achieve this, further research is required, involving longitudinal studies with representative samples in different countries.     

上海长江大桥公轨合建桥梁设计标准与措施

上海长江大桥是我国最大的公路与轨道交通合建的跨江桥梁。由于设计中尚无专门规范遵循,为了确保行车的安全性与舒适性,设计中吸取了国内外轨道交通与铁路建设的经验,积极开展预留轨道交通空间相关技术研究。该文着重介绍上海长江大桥公轨合建桥梁设计标准与相关技术措施。     

基于BIM的物化阶段碳排放简化计算方法

“十四五”时期是我国持续推进节能减排、持续向双碳目标迈进的重要时期，建筑业作为我国碳排放的重要来源，必须在设计阶段就进行碳排放的计算，实现以减少碳排放为目标的设计。为了在结构设计中实现物化阶段碳排放量的快速统计和优化设计，提出综合碳排放因子的概念以简化碳排放计算。与此同时，为了达到碳排放量自动统计及便捷优化设计的目的，尝试将综合碳排放因子同BIM软件结合起来，利用BIM中明细表功能，实现基于构件类别的碳排放自动统计，以达到节能减排的目标。     

高速公路浓雾监测预警系统

为研究浓雾对高速公路运营的影响,通过建设高速公路环境气象监测站以获取与浓雾发生密切相关的气象要素和能见度实测值,并结合高速公路沿线历史浓雾个例研究形成浓雾的环流形势特征和局地监测站气象要素演变与能见度值变化规律和特征,由此建成了高速公路浓雾监测预警系统。系统通过多种通讯传输和显示手段,将自动监测站的实况和预报中心制作的浓雾预警、预报结论传送至公路运营指挥中心,供采取决策措施时应用。该系统目前已由无锡段扩展到常州至苏州段,在试验应用期,沪宁高速公路在试验路段未发生因浓雾而造成的重大交通事故。     

Vehicle Energy Dissipation Due to Road Roughness

Road roughness and surface texture are known to affect tire rolling resistance; however, little emphasis has been placed on the consequent changes in total vehicle energy dissipation due to road roughness. Thus, tire rolling resistance, in isolation from vehicle contributed losses such as dissipation in the suspension, appears to be a weakness in present evaluation procedures as they relate to fuel economy and pollution level testing: Recent work by Funfsinn and Korst has shown that substantial and measurable increases in energy losses occur for vehicles traveling on rough roads. The present investigation uses vehicle axle accelerations as a means of examining various road surfaces. Correlation with computer simulations has allowed the development of a deterministic road roughness model which permits the prediction of energy dissipation in both the tire and suspension as functions of road roughness, tire pressure, and vehicle speed. Comparison to the experiments of Korst and Funfsinn results in good agreement and shows that total rolling loss increases of up to 20 percent compared to ideal smooth roads are possible. The aerodynamic drag coefficient is also found to increase while driving on rough roads.     

Vehicle Energy Dissipation Due to Road Roughness

SUMMARY

Road roughness and surface texture are known to affect tire rolling resistance; however, little emphasis has been placed on the consequent changes in total vehicle energy dissipation due to road roughness. Thus, tire rolling resistance, in isolation from vehicle contributed losses such as dissipation in the suspension, appears to be a weakness in present evaluation procedures as they relate to fuel economy and pollution level testing: Recent work by Funfsinn and Korst has shown that substantial and measurable increases in energy losses occur for vehicles traveling on rough roads. The present investigation uses vehicle axle accelerations as a means of examining various road surfaces. Correlation with computer simulations has allowed the development of a deterministic road roughness model which permits the prediction of energy dissipation in both the tire and suspension as functions of road roughness, tire pressure, and vehicle speed. Comparison to the experiments of Korst and Funfsinn results in good agreement and shows that total rolling loss increases of up to 20 percent compared to ideal smooth roads are possible. The aerodynamic drag coefficient is also found to increase while driving on rough roads.     

常州市BRT一号线规划的新理念和新方法

为推进公交优先发展战略的实施,优化交通结构,提高公交对市民出行的吸引力,近年来,国内许多大中城市相继开展了快速公交线路的规划设计和建设运营。该文就常州市在实施快速公交一号线过程中,在规划设计方面采用的新理念和新方法进行分析探讨,希望能为今后类似的工作提供可借鉴的经验。