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制动系统的真空助力效果关系到汽车的行驶安全。在汽车制动助力系统中,由于真空助力器不能获得真空或获得的真空不足,将导致制动系统助力效果差。电动真空泵能通过真空度传感器监测助力器内的真空度变化,进而保证驾驶者在各种工况下,都能提供足够的助力效果。现代车辆大多采用真空助力器作为制动系统的辅助助力方式;真空助力器通过单向阀与发动机进气歧管相通;当发动机运转时,产生负压,进而在助力器膜片两端形成压力差,从而达到减轻制动踏板操作力的作用,真空度的大小直接影响制动效果。可见真空度对于制动系统的重要作用。随着发动机排放及用户对于汽车性能的要求日益提高, 相似文献
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<正>电动汽车使用驱动电机代替发动机驱动车辆,其制动系统无法像传统内燃机汽车制动系统那样,可以从发动机处获得真空源,从而让真空助力器为驾驶员提供辅助。为了弥补这一不足,电动汽车使用电动真空泵来产生车辆制动时所需的真空,从而达到助力的目的。制动系统真空助力效果的优劣直接影响到汽车的行驶安全。在汽车制动助力系统中,如果真空助力器不能获得真空或获得的真空不足,将导致制动系统制动效果差,且制动踏板发硬。整车控制器利用真空度传感器采集真空助力器或真空管道中真空压力变化,并作出电动真空泵是否运转的决策,来确保在各种工况下都能提供足够的助力效果。 相似文献
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3 真空助力器总成
真空助力器总成在制动时提供助力,以减少制动时所需要的踏板力,其结构如图13所示。输入推杆连接在制动踏板上,输出推杆位于制动主缸的主活塞内,控制阀从后壳伸出的地方安装有橡胶保护套。在前壳上有孔,连接到从发动机过来的真空管,在真空管上安装有单向阀。 相似文献
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真空助力器故障的诊断①检查其密封性。启动发动机,加速到中等转速(1500转/分钟左右)后,将发动机熄火,同时迅速抬起加速踏板,使发动机进气歧管中有较高的真空度。发动机熄火约90秒后,踩下制动踏板,此时,若能听到真空助力器附近有清晰的进气声,抬起制动踏板再踩一下。 相似文献
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C. -H. Lee J. -M. Lee M. -S. Choi C. -K. Kim E. -B. Koh 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2011,12(2):193-198
Since the invention of automobiles, the need to know the braking performance of vehicles has been acknowledged. However, because
there are numerous design variables as well as nonlinearities in the braking system, it is difficult to predict the performance
accurately. In this paper, a computational program is developed to estimate the braking performance numerically. This synthetic
braking performance program accounts for pedal force, pedal travel and deceleration of braking parts, such as master cylinder,
booster, valve, brake pad, rotor, and hoses. To improve the accuracy of program, a semi-empirical model of a braking system
is introduced by using the empirical test data of pad compression, hose expansion and the friction coefficient between the
pad and rotor. The accuracy of the estimation is evaluated by comparing it to the actual vehicle test results. The developed
program is easy for the brake system engineers to manipulate and it can be used in the development of new vehicles by incorporating
the graphical presentations. 相似文献
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S. P. Jung K. J. Jun T. W. Park J. H. Yoon 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2008,9(1):45-51
It is quite challenging to estimate the braking performance of a vehicle because the brake system is comprised of many parts,
including a booster, master cylinder, and caliper. Calculation of characteristics such as braking force through vehicle tests
requires much time and money. Therefore, the development of a method to estimate the braking performance of a vehicle using
qualitative methods is beneficial. In this study, a program that can analyze the braking capabilities of a vehicle such as
pressure, efficiency, and pedal travel is presented. The increase in disc temperature during braking as well as the properties
of various boosters can be calculated using the proposed program. Dynamic characteristics of a vehicle equipped with a Load
Sensing Proportional Valve (LSPV) were computed more precisely by obtaining the change in valve pressure according to the
displacement of a suspension system. Since all input and output files are composed in the Microsoft Excel format, both design
data management and database construction can easily completed. 相似文献
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汽车真空助力器的原理参数计算 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
简述了制动真空助力器的结构和工作原理,强调了反馈盘在制动真空助力器中的重要作用。分析了制动真空助力器的起动值、跳增值、残留值等几个重要参数的计算方法和特征曲线,提出影响以上几个参数的因素主要是空气阀柱的配合尺寸,同时其它零件的尺寸与精度也影响这三个值。 相似文献
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Jiawang Yong Feng Gao Nenggen Ding Yuping He 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2017,18(4):603-612
This paper presents a novel electric booster (E-booster) that exibits superior performance advantages over traditional vacuum boosters. The proposed E-booster, consisting of an electric motor and a ball screw assembly, is designed for electro-hydraulic brake (EHB) systems to meet relevant requirements for electric vehicles and active safety technologies. A mathematical model for an EHB system is generated to determine the desired values of the parameters for the E-booster prototype using numerical simulation in MATLAB. Simulation results of the EHB system with the virtual E-booster demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the innovative technique. Built upon the results derived from the numerical simualtions, an integrated algorithm based on the Kalman filter and a sliding mode control technique is designed to control the E-booster motor and to implement the brake booster function. A hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) real-time simulation system equipped with the E-booster prototype is developed. HIL real-time simulations are conducted to evaluate the proposed algorithm. The HIL real-time simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm generates booster brake forces fast, and forces the ball nut to track the push rod well to ensure comfortable brake pedal feel. 相似文献
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为了减小长期自动驾驶过程中制动性能下降带来的影响,提出了一种驾驶机器人车辆动态制动力矩补偿方法。首先建立了以车速和制动踏板力为输入,制动力矩为输出的驾驶机器人车辆制动性能离线自学习模型。然后考虑到驾驶机器人车辆长期自动驾驶导致离线自学习模型可靠性下降,建立了以车速和制动踏板力为输入,制动力矩为输出的扩展自回归在线辨识模型,并采用模糊变遗忘因子递推最小二乘法进行参数辨识。模糊变遗忘因子递推最小二乘法通过引入遗忘因子的方式,对数据施加时变加权系数,以避免出现数据增长导致的数据饱和现象。模糊变遗忘因子控制器以制动力矩辨识误差为输入,经模糊规则推理实时输出合适的遗忘因子进行参数辨识,能够有效均衡驾驶机器人车辆制动性能参数辨识的稳定性与收敛速度。驾驶机器人车辆自动驾驶过程中,根据当前车速与目标车速的大小计算出所需的制动力矩,加上反馈回来的制动力矩误差,并结合当前时刻的车速,利用制动性能离线自学习模型与机械腿逆向运动学模型实时计算出制动电机输出位移量,实现对驾驶机器人车辆制动力矩的在线补偿。仿真与试验结果表明:利用所提出的方法对车辆动态制动力矩进行辨识时,通过调节遗忘因子,辨识结果能够快速收敛且辨识误差较小。在此基础上,控制驾驶机器人车辆进行纵向车速跟踪时,能够有效减小制动性能下降造成的影响,保证控制车速跟踪误差在±1km·h-1之内。 相似文献
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