Hot judder simulation of a ventilated disc and design of an improved disc using sensitivity analysis

In a disc brake system, thermal expansion of the material is caused by friction energy that is generated by the sliding contact between a disc and pad during braking. This phenomenon, thermo-elastic instability, can lead to hot spots on the disc surface and a hot judder phenomenon. Transient finite element analysis has been used to simulate this phenomenon. Three dimensional finite element models of a disc, pad, and cylinder were created. Each part was connected by a joint. Contact condition was applied to the disc and pad with a friction coefficient (μ) of 0.4. A convective heat transfer coefficient was set as 40 W/m²K. Using a commercial program SAMCEF, the simulation of the thermo-mechanically coupled system was performed. In order to find the sensitive parameters of brake judder, sensitivity analysis was carried out with consideration for disc design parameters. As a result, the hot spot phenomenon was confirmed and hot judder was predicted. Moreover, the more sensitive parameters of the hot judder phenomenon were presented. Finally, an improved disc model and an analysis technique were verified by comparison to dynamo test results.     

盘式制动器车辆的制动抖动现象

盘式制动器的制动抖动现象，会影响车辆的行驶安全性和驾驶舒适性，其产生原因是制动盘的原始几何尺寸及热膨胀作用造成几何变形的共同作用引起制动压力的波动，进而产生对制动系统及悬架和转向机构的激振作用。制动管路和悬架等传递途径的自振特性，也会对抖动的振幅产生影响。文章在结合国内外相关文献和实验分析数据的基础上，对盘式制动器特有的制动抖动现象进行了研究。主要包括制动抖动现象的成因和相关各方面的实验与分析方法，最后提出了改进建议。     

Vibration path analysis and optimal design of the suspension for brake judder reduction

Brake judder is abnormal vibration, which is mainly generated by uneven contact between the brake disc and pad. The abnormal vibration from BTV (Brake Torque Variation) is transferred to the suspension and the steering system during braking. In this paper, judder simulation is carried out using a multi-body dynamic analysis program to analyze the relationship between judder and the transfer mechanism, which consists of the suspension and the steering system. In order to verify the analytical model, test results are compared with the simulation results. A sensitivity analysis is also carried out. In addition, an optimization method is presented for judder reduction, using the design of experiments.     

某轿车离合器不平整度引起的爬行抖动研究

某轿车采用双离合变速器,在起步爬行工况存在明显的整车抖动现象,并且导致变速器异响。本文通过试验分析手段发现整车抖动频率与发动机转速、输入轴转速以及转速差相关,结合离合器颤振的发生机理和发生条件,得出离合器执行过程中压力变化引起的颤振是整车爬行抖动的主要原因,离合器压力变化主要与本身结构参数—离合器不平整度(MGF)相关,通过整车试验方法和主观评价方法分析不同的离合器MGF值对整车抖动的影响,从而获得最优MGF值,有效解决该车抖动问题。     

盘式制动器制动抖动现象机理研究

介绍某轿车的制动抖动试验情况,根据实测的制动盘几何特征建立数学模型,从理论分析该车制动时转向盘抖动是因制动盘端面跳动过大。同时还分析制动盘厚薄差和端面跳动对制动抖动的影响。分析结果表明,制动盘厚薄差对制动抖动的影响大于端面跳动的影响,并且两者之间还存在着相位匹配的关系。     

制动引起转向盘抖动的传递途径试验研究

通过制动抖动整车道路再现试验和DYNAMO试验台的制动器台架试验研究,确定了制动器制动力矩的波动(BTV)向转向盘传递的主要途径,并考察了传递途径中各个零部件对制动抖动的吸收与放大,为寻求传递途径的衰减控制措施奠定了良好的基础。     

浮钳盘式制动器及其零部件的模态分析

通过对比浮钳式盘式制动器各零部件的有限元模态分析和试验模态分析所得出的模态阵型,验证了有限元模型的正确性。根据理论及试验的结果拟合出了各零部件的材料参数,并排除了制动抖动是由制动器部件的共振引起的可能性。     

Investigation of influential factors of a brake corner system to reduce brake torque variation

This paper investigates the brake corner system to reduce brake torque variation in the brake judder problem. A numerical model for determining brake torque variation was constructed using the multi-body dynamics model. Using this model, the brake torque variation for a given disc thickness variation was obtained in the time domain. The multi-body dynamics model was verified by a dynamometer test via the comparison of brake torque variation and load distribution patterns of the pad. To reduce the simulation time and cost required to determine factors that influence the reduction in brake torque variation, a simple mathematical model was constructed and used to determine both the brake torque variation and influential factors. The multi-body dynamics model and dynamometer test were modified on the basis of the results of the simple mathematical model and deformed shape of the multi-body dynamics model. These influential factors were verified to reduce the brake torque variation.     

制动抖动引起的转向盘振动传递途径分析

建立了基于ADAMS/CAR的多刚体车辆动力学仿真模型,成功再现了制动引起的转向盘振动现象,并与试验结果具有良好的一致性。通过信号时域和频域分析,明确了振动从制动器到转向盘的传递途径,提出了调节橡胶弹性元件刚度的振动控制方法。     

盘式制动器制动抖动问题概述

在参阅大量文献和实际研究实践的基础上,对制动抖动现象、发生机理以及控制措施方面的国内外研究现状进行了综述,最后讨论了当前研究存在的主要问题和今后研究的方向和重点。     

鼓式制动器结构振动噪声研究

本文阐述了制动器制动噪声发生的一般机理,给出了鼓式制动器低频(发啃)和高频(尖叫)振动噪声的实际结构闭环耦合模型,较为完善地考虑了各种结构系数的影响。模型的仿真分析结果和试验结果取得良好一致。提高了对制动噪声的定量分析,证明了通过改变结构的特性参数匹配可有效地抑制制动噪声的发生。     

一种用于柴油机与增压系统匹配的模拟计算方法

为进行柴油机和增压系统的匹配,发展了一种模拟计算方法。该计算方法包括缸内工作过程的简化计算、进排气过程计算、柴油机的功率计算、增压系统计算等计算模块。对柴油机缸内过程的计算,采用定容定压循环代替实际循环。对增压系统的计算,是根据压气机特性图和涡轮特性图进行的。对J6110Z增压柴油机进行了模拟计算,模拟计算的结果与试验结果比较接近。     

基于BDD的车载ATP安全系统可靠性研究

车载ATP安全系统作为信号系统主要组成部分,对列车的安全性起着决定性作用,必须保证其具有高度的可靠性.传统上采用故障树分析方法(FTA)对车载ATP安全系统可靠性进行分析,但是在处理复杂系统时,存在着计算量大、步骤复杂等缺陷.文中在FTA方法的基础上,采用基于迭代法的BDD分析.实验数据表明,在保证计算精度的同时,能够减少分析的复杂度和计算量,并可直接计算出不同重要度,进一步对基本事件排序方法进行了优化.     

Damping Performance of Power Transmission System with Hydraulic Torque Converter

In this work three first-order nonlinear, nonstationary differential equations describing a hydraulic torque converter in a power transmission system are used.

A linear model is obtained on the basis of these equations. This model is verified both theoretically and by an experimental test. On the basis of the calculations the torsional damping was determined. This permitted the damping performance of a power transmission system with a hydraulic torque converter to be defined and established.     

Stochastic Optimal Control of Highway Tractors with Active Suspensions

Stochastic optimal control and estimation theories are used to design an active suspension system for a cab ride in a tractor-semitrailer vehicle. A discrete-continuous vehicle model with eleven degrees of freedom is augmented by a stochastic road excitation model and a human perception of vibration shape filter. Both perfect measurement and estimated state cases are considered. The impact of the measurement noise on the design of the optimal controller is demonstrated. The performance of the optimally controlled system is compared with an optimal passive system. It is shown that significant improvements in ride comfort can be achieved through the use of actively controlled cab suspensions.     

Damping Performance of Power Transmission System with Hydraulic Torque Converter

Abstract

In this work three first-order nonlinear, nonstationary differential equations describing a hydraulic torque converter in a power transmission system are used.

A linear model is obtained on the basis of these equations. This model is verified both theoretically and by an experimental test. On the basis of the calculations the torsional damping was determined. This permitted the damping performance of a power transmission system with a hydraulic torque converter to be defined and established.     

纯电动汽车非热泵型整车热管理系统的控制方法

基于V字形开发模式,开发了满足整车热管理需求的非热泵型整车热管理系统,取得了良好的改善效果.在此系统中采用了低温下的电机余热利用等改善措施,与目前电动汽车普遍采用的PTC电加热方式(不带电机余热)相比,能够显著地增加电动汽车低温续驶里程.     

基于BP神经网络的正交异性钢桥面系多目标结构优化设计

正交异性钢桥面铺装体系结构优化就是设计出力学性能最好、重量最轻的桥面系,给出铺装结构参数的优化组合。本文建立一个钢桥面铺装体系多目标优化模型,其中目标函数是正交异性钢桥面板铺装结构众多参数的复杂函数,可以应用BP神经网络模型模拟这种函数关系。利用大量的有限元计算结果作为BP神经网络的训练样本,将训练后的BP网络用于优化求解过程中的目标函数值的仿真计算。最后给出多目标优化模型的求解步骤和算例。     

利用燃料电池客车废热的吸收式制冷空调系统可行性分析

通过对燃料电池客车的负荷计算及溴化锂吸收式制冷的热力计算,初步分析了溴化锂吸收式制冷用于燃料电池客车的可行性,并设计了简单的系统流程图。计算分析认为吸收式制冷用于燃料电池客车是完全可行的,同时也指出了吸收式制冷用于燃料电池汽车的不足。     

高压共轨柴油机燃烧与排放模型的研究

利用高速闪光摄影技术,对高压喷射喷雾体空间发展规律进行了试验分析,提出了一个计算高压喷射喷雾体发展的数学公式;在正确描述高压燃油喷雾的基础上,建立了一个能预测高压共轨柴油机性能和排放的准维燃烧模型,此模型改进了燃油喷射模型及碳烟的生成与氧化模型,考虑到燃烧区的区间传热和缸内工质的对流辐射传热,对一台高压共轨柴油机进行了仿真计算。计算与试验结果对比分析表明,改进后的燃烧与排放模型能较好地反映缸内各区的燃烧与排放情况。