主动噪声控制技术(ANC)在商用车上的应用

随着商用车用户对车辆舒适性要求的不断提高,降低驾驶室内部噪声已成为重要的研究课题之一。本文首先对商用车驾驶室内原始噪声进行了分析,发现发动机引起的噪声是其主要成分。根据这一特征建立了主动噪声控制的前馈自适应控制模型,采集实车噪声数据仿真并进行了试验验证。仿真及试验结果表明,运用主动噪声控制技术可以有效地降低商用车驾驶室内由发动机引起的低频周期阶次噪声。     

商用车驾驶室主动噪声控制技术试验研究

以某商用车驾驶室主动噪声控制系统的开发过程为主线,进行了一系列主动噪声控制技术的试验研究。通过对驾驶室内实际噪声的测试、分析,确定了以发动机2阶、4阶和6阶噪声为降噪对象的主动噪声控制方案：建立商用车驾驶室主动噪声控制模型．并采用驾驶室内真实噪声信号进行了计算机降噪效果仿真试验：最后在实际驾驶室驾驶员位置建立双通道主动噪声控制系统,并进行了实车降噪效果测试。试验结果表明：利用主动噪声控制技术改善以发动机低频、周期噪声为主要噪声源的商用车驾驶室内噪声环境是一条有效的技术途径。     

Analysis of acoustic radiation characteristics of engine compartment and application to reduction of vehicle pass-by noise

With the growing interest in environmental problems, the control of vehicle pass-by noise has become stricter. In this paper, the acoustic radiation characteristics of the engine compartment are investigated to reduce effectively noise radiated from the engine. These characteristics were found to vary with relative position of the noise source on engine surface and edge of body panel. The evaluation method was improved by considering these characteristics on engine component bench testing. This makes it possible to predict accurately the effect of modifying the engine structure on the pass-by noise test.     

轿车发动机舱左纵梁修改前后碰撞性能对比仿真研究

应用动态非线性有限元方法对某型轿车左纵梁修改前后发动机舱的变形过程进行了计算机模拟对比。运用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件,在合理简化的基础上,建立了左纵梁修改前后发动机舱的有限元模型,模拟了整车质量改变和左纵梁结构变化对发动机舱碰撞变形和吸能的影响。计算结果表明,修改后发动机舱的碰撞变形形态未发生变化,在变形量和加速度值方面都有所增加,但未产生较大差异。     

发动机声激励下的车内高频噪声分析

为研究发动机声激励下中高频噪声和整车声学包隔声性能,在VA One软件中建立整车统计能量分析模型和声学包模型,并进行基于能量的整车隔声量测试和发动机噪声采集试验,验证了整车模型的准确性.通过对驾驶员头部声腔和腿部声腔的输入能量贡献量分析,发现前围和地板是车内噪声的主要传播路径,为后续汽车声学包的优化设计和车内噪声控制提供了帮助.     

Analytical study of pressure pulsation characteristics according to the geometries of the fuel rail of an MPI engine

In a conventional MPI engine, a pulsation damper is usually mounted on the fuel rail to diminish undesirable noise in the vehicle cabin room; however, pulsation dampers are quite expensive. Therefore, several studies have focused on reducing fuel pressure pulsation by increasing the self-damping characteristics of the fuel rail. This paper details the development of a fuel rail that reduces pulsation using a self-damping effect. Using an oil hammer simulation technique, pressure pulsation characteristics were investigated with respect to the aspect ratio of the cross-section, wall thickness, and fuel rail material. Increasing the aspect ratio and decreasing the wall thickness efficiently reduced the pressure pulsation. In addition, the pressure pulsation characteristics were investigated with respect to the resonant engine speed and injection period. These simulated data can be used to reduce the pressure pulsation peak and to avoid the resonant point in the design stage during the development of a fuel rail.     

Development of twin-chamber on-wheel resonator for tire cavity noise

Tire cavity noise is a noise which produces reverberations. Given the ringing in the ears that it causes vehicle occupants, it has long been one of the main road noise issues. For the countermeasure against tire cavity noise, since drastic solution is still more difficult for the downstream measure against a body system with the increase of big weight, its device in the tire cavity of the countermeasure against the origin is the most effective for a light weight and drastic solution. Some reduction devices of tire cavity noise have come to be commercialized in recent years. As a commercialization example, what equipped the tire inside surface with the noise absorbing material, and the thing which equipped roadwheel with the resonator are developed. However, application of these devices is limited to some of tires and high-class vehicle types from cost restrictions, and at present, it does not result in technical generalization and has not diffused through it so much. Since the new structure which reduces weight and cost by 50 % or more was suggested towards generalization of the Helmholtz resonator technology which is a flexible device which can equip roadwheel and does not limit a tire brand and commercial production was realized, this paper introduces that theoretical background and realization structure. And this device has been successfully applied to mass-production models on the market.     

后置客车发动机的选配

发动机选配的好坏直接关系到整车动力性及经济性。本文主要就后置客车发动机选配时的原则、动力性、经济性及振动和噪声进行阐述。     

Assessment of diesel combustion noise overall level in transient operation

Combustion noise in passenger cars powered with direct injection (DI) diesel engines is frequently the main reason why end-users are reluctant to drive this type of vehicle. Thus, the great potential of diesel engines for environment preservation — due to their lower CO₂ emissions — could be missed. This situation worsens with the current design trends (engine downsizing) and the emerging new diesel combustion concepts (Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition-HCCI, Premixed Charge Compression Ignition-PCCI, etc.), which are intrinsically noisy. This negative feature can be even more critical in transient operation due to the contribution of the temporal changes of both source and transmission path on engine noise. Therefore, combustion noise must be considered as an additional essential factor in engine development, together with performance, emissions and driveability. Thus, suitable evaluation procedures that can be integrated into the global engine development process in a timely and cost-effective manner are imperative. Regarding the evaluation procedures, most of the work available in the literature addressed combustion noise at steady operation. To surpass this limitation, two possible approaches — adapted from the classical and multiple regression methods — for the overall level assessment of combustion noise in transient conditions are evaluated in this paper.     

加速行驶车外噪声试验研究及我国载客汽车噪声水平分析

通过对加速行驶车外噪声源的分析，确定了发动机排气噪声和轮胎滚动噪声是目前汽车加速行驶的主要噪声源。在阐述了我国汽车加速行驶车外噪声的试验方法后，提出驾驶员操作是影响测量结果的最主要因素。结合大量试验测量数据，对比分析了GB1495-2002第二阶段噪声限值实施前后我国汽车加速噪声的变化，建议将加强M3类大型载客汽车的降噪研究工作作为今后我国大中型城市汽车噪声控制的重点。     

Development of an Active Control Engine Mount System

In an attempt to reduce idling vibration and booming noise in automobile engines, the authors have developed an engine mounting system we call the ACM(Active Control engine Mount) system. Comprising a pair of electromagnetic actuators and hydraulic mounts, the system incorporates an adaptive control strategy based on the synchronized filtered-X LMS (SFX) algorithm. The crank angle pulse signal is detected as the synchronization signal and the force transmitted to the car body through the engine mounts is detected as a residual signal. Application of the ACM system to a vehicle with a transversally mounted four-cylinder engine resulted in significantly reduced idling vibration and booming noise.     

Development of an Active Control Engine Mount System

In an attempt to reduce idling vibration and booming noise in automobile engines, the authors have developed an engine mounting system we call the ACM(Active Control engine Mount) system. Comprising a pair of electromagnetic actuators and hydraulic mounts, the system incorporates an adaptive control strategy based on the synchronized filtered-X LMS (SFX) algorithm. The crank angle pulse signal is detected as the synchronization signal and the force transmitted to the car body through the engine mounts is detected as a residual signal. Application of the ACM system to a vehicle with a transversally mounted four-cylinder engine resulted in significantly reduced idling vibration and booming noise.     

基于OTPA方法的怠速噪声分析

某车型怠速时因拍频产生的嗡嗡声影响到车内声品质和舒适性,本文运用OPTA从源-路径-响应的技术路线分析车内怠速10阶噪声,采用模态试验方法验证OPTA分析结果。通过结构分离和结构优化,验证优化方案对车内10阶噪声的影响。试验结果表明,排气系统结构噪声对车内10阶嗓声起主要贡献,通过排气吊耳和车身脱开及更改排气吊耳硬度(刚度)可降低车内怠速10阶噪声,车内嗡嗡声改善明显。     

变速器的异常噪声与控制

本文通过对变速器产生异常噪声的原因的分析，找出了产生异常噪声的整车因素及变速器本体因素，针对发动机，离合器等方面存在的问题提出了改进方案，并对变速器进行了降低异常噪声的设计，这对于新型整车的设计及变型变速器的设计，有一定的参考价值。     

整车排气系统匹配研讨

发动机被公认为汽车的心脏,随着法规及人类环境意识的增强,针对发动机排放提出的要求也越来越高。排气系统对降低排气损失、保证发动机良好的性能、合理控制及减少污染物排放、发动机排气噪声控制都起到了关键性作用。因此排气系统匹配对整车来说至关重要,本文研讨了整车排气系统的基本匹配方法,为以后其它产品的开发提供了参考。     

发动机振动隔离控制技术研究进展

介绍了发动机橡胶悬置、液压悬置、半主动悬置和主动悬置的工作原理,由于被动悬置不能满足运载器减振降噪的要求,半主动悬置和主动悬置已经成为发动机减振降噪发展方向;分析了悬置系统的动力学模型,包括悬置的动力学模型和控制系统的动力学模型;介绍了发动机振动隔离控制中几种主要的控制方法,包括模糊控制、神经网络控制、自适应控制和最优控制等。最后提出了发动机振动隔离控制目前存在的主要问题和发展动向。     

进气噪声原理的研究探讨与降噪措施

对进气噪声的产生原理进行分析和研究,利用赫姆霍兹谐振消声器的设计原理,设计了适合某车型的谐振腔,降低了进气噪声的声压级。消声降噪效果明显。     

汽车发动机主动隔振系统自适应控制

对压电作动器与液阻悬置组成的主动控制悬置进行了研究，采用前馈自适应控制对汽车发动机主动隔振系统进行了仿真。结果表明，相对于目前轿车上普遍采用的液阻悬置，主动控制悬置可以大大降低发动机在高速运转时向车身的振动传递，减小车内噪声，提高乘坐舒适性。     

汽车发动机舱散热特性研究

根据汽车产品研发的需要,应用商用CFD软件Fluent和KULI,采用基于Navier-Stokes方程的汽车外流场与发动机舱内流场耦合计算方法,对某汽车发动机分别处于额定功率点和最大扭矩点下发动机舱的散热特性和温度场特性进行研究。快速而准确地指导发动机舱内冷却系统的参数选择与判定。研究发动机舱内的温度分布特性及最高温度值,控制发动机舱内空气最高温度低于设计目标值,从而判别发动机舱内的温度特性是否满足设计要求。     

汽车风洞双车试验来流湍流特征研究

基于自主研发的真实道路来流参数测量系统,对多地区、多场景真实道路行驶来流湍流强度进行了测试,发现车辆道路行驶时来流湍流强度远高于风洞水平,道路平均湍流强度为4%,沿海地区湍流强度最高可达20%,在跟车或超车时湍流强度可达 28%。在汽车风洞内模拟了道路行驶跟车、超车等试验场景,对测试车辆气流环境进行了采集分析。结果表明,跟车和超车时,后车来流湍流强度较高且伴随有速度损失,湍流强度及速度损失大小与前车尺寸和跟车距离有关,湍流强度分布范围为2%～33%,与道路实测相当,且速度损失最大为19%。进一步探究了前车放置角度、风洞风速对后车来流湍流强度的影响规律,建立对后车来流湍流强度定量调节的方法。完成了双车风噪测试,结果表明,风洞内高湍流强度环境车内风噪测试调制频谱结果与道路行驶测试结果相符,车内风噪频谱曲线差异主要集中在小于70 Hz的低频段。