进气道滚流比对发动机充气模型精度影响的试验研究

进气道结构是决定发动机缸内气体滚流强度的主要因素。针对一款直列四缸1.2 L增压直喷、DVVT汽油机,通过试验的方法,研究了发动机不同转速、负荷工况下,进气道滚流比参数对发动机进气状态和燃烧过程的影响,并对比了不同滚流比情况下的汽油机充气模型精度。研究结果表明,进气道滚流比对发动机的进气状态有显著影响。针对相同的ECU标定数据,滚流比的改变会造成充气模型精度较为明显的偏差。     

Effects of valve timing and intake flow motion control on combustion and time-resolved HC & NOx formation characteristics

In SI engines, valve events have a major influence on volumetric efficiency, fuel economy and exhaust emissions. Moreover, swirl and tumble motions in the intake charge also improve combustion speed and quality by stratifying the mixture as well as intensifying the mixing rate of air and fuel. This paper investigates the behaviors of an engine and the combustion phenomenon for various intake valve timings and intake charge motions using CVVT system and port masking schemes. Test condition includes a part load and a cold idle condition inclusive of a cold start of the engine. Time-resolved HC and NOx emissions were also measured at an exhaust port to examine their formation mechanisms and behaviors with fast response HC/NOx analyzers. In conclusion, the fast burning of fuel and improved combustion quality by enhanced charge motions reduced unburned HC emissions, and advancing the intake valve opening reduced HC as well as NOx. Furthermore, HCs during the cold transient phase and idle conditions decreased with recalibrated start parameters such as lean air-fuel ratio and spark retardation via the enhancement of intake charge motions.     

TJ376Q二气门汽油机准均质稀混合气燃烧实验研究

本文对夏利TJ376Q汽油机进气系统进行了改造，大大提高了涡流和滚流比，强化空气运动的结果有利于组织燃料在缸内的浓度分布，从而为在二气门汽油机上实现稀燃烧打下基础；原发动机油器式供油系统被改为电控气道内燃油喷射系统。在此基础上，采用了两次燃油喷射技术。通过对这两次喷油时刻、喷油量的分别调节，在缸内形成精细分层的混合气即所谓准均质混合气，从而优化了油耗和排放指标，成功地在产品二气门汽油机上实现了稀薄燃烧。     

Numerical analysis of homogeneous mixture formation for a direct injection liquid LPG engine

A method to form a homogeneous mixture using low pressure direct injection of liquid phase LPG, pent-roof combustion chamber, flat-top piston and center-located injector layout is presented. To validate the method, the mixture formation processes in the cylinder were investigated using the CFD code. The effect of different injection timing and engine loads on the mixture formation processes were researched. The simulated results showed that, the intake tumble for high load conditions or the inclined intake swirl for part load conditions would break into small-scale vortex (turbulence) near the end of compression stroke, which enhanced the homogeneous mixture formation. The results also showed that if the liquid phase LPG was injected at 60–80°CA ATDC in intake stroke even at different loads, the homogeneous mixture would be formed under any engine load conditions.     

Development of in-cylinder gasoline direct injection engine

An in-cylinder gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine, incorporating novel combustion technologies, has been developed. Such innovative technologies consist of the upright straight ports to generate tumble motion, the electro magnetic swirl injector to realize optimized spray dispersion and atomization and the compact piston cavity to maintain charge stratification, and in addition other highly advanced technologies to achieve desirable engine management. This new GDI engine is thus available with ultra lean stratified combustion for higher thermal efficiency under partial loads as well as homogenous combustion to realize higher performance under full load.     

甲醇发动机缸内EGR分层的研究

针对一台具有螺旋进气道的点火式甲醇发动机,采用进气道加装EGR管的方式实现了EGR和新鲜充量的分开引入。应用CFD仿真软件Fire模拟了不同EGR通入时间、不同燃烧室凹坑形状等对EGR分层的影响。结果显示,加装EGR管能够实现EGR的分层,EGR的通入时长和燃烧室凹坑形状都对EGR的分层产生影响。当燃烧室凹坑形状为浅圆柱型、新鲜充量的通入压力为100kPa、EGR通入压力为160kPa时,在300°BTDC(压缩上止点前)停止通入,能够形成火花塞周围EGR浓度低、越远离燃烧室顶部EGR浓度越高的EGR分层结构。同时,在保证EGR率和燃油消耗量相同条件下,通过改变点火提前角,分析分层EGR和均质EGR对甲醇发动机缸内燃烧的影响。分层EGR能有效地提高缸压峰值、缩短燃烧滞燃期、提前燃烧始点,有利于发动机缸内燃烧的改善。     

高热效率混合动力自然吸气汽油机提高进气道流通能力方法研究

开发了一款用于混合动力的2.0L直列四缸自然吸气(NA)汽油机,采用高速燃烧技术实现更高的动力性和热效率。对于采用EGR技术的自然吸气汽油机来说,如何平衡更多进气充量的同时尽可能提高缸内湍流强度成为实现快速燃烧的关键因素。为了提高进气流通能力,借助CFD模拟仿真技术,针对进气道流通截面面积变化、气道关键结构尺寸控制、缸盖燃烧室结构等影响流通能力的因素进行规律性研究和优化设计。研究结果显示通过优化气道截面面积、气道气流走向及缸盖燃烧室结构可显著提高进气道流通能力,同时也实现了更高的滚流强度。     

螺旋气门的结构优化及对无节气门汽油机燃烧性能的影响

由于进气方式的改变,气道喷射式无节气门汽油机中小负荷时泵气损失显著降低,但燃烧性能却明显恶化.为改善其燃烧性能,本文中设计了一种在进气过程中能产生较强进气涡流的螺旋气门,并使用仿真软件STAR-CCM+对螺旋气门的主要结构参数进行了优化.在稳流气道试验台上测量其进气涡流比和流量系数,证明该螺旋气门在开启升程较小时能产生...     

滚流测试装置对汽油机进气道稳流试验的影响

采用气道稳流试验对缸内滚流进行测试和评价是广为采用并行之有效的方法,但是由于没有统一的标准,滚流测试装置结构的差异对测试结果造成了较大影响,针对此问题,着重研究了不同结构的滚流模拟缸套对稳流试验结果的影响。研究表明:缸头结构对滚流比的影响幅度接近20%;缸套高度每增加一倍缸径,滚流比的衰减幅度约为6%;滚流强度测试结果与出气口直径成反比,当出气口直径接近缸径,为0.857B时,跃升现象不再出现。     

进气滚流强度对直喷发动机燃烧特性的影响

以光学单缸直喷汽油发动机作为试验平台,通过在进气法兰处安装不同的滚流导流板调节进气截面积来获得不同强度的滚流气流。利用Converge软件对缸内滚流强度和湍动能进行评估,采用高速彩色相机拍摄不同滚流强度下火焰状态随曲轴转角的变化,同时采用燃烧分析仪采集缸压数据。通过图像处理分离蓝色火焰和黄色火焰,其中,蓝光被认为主要来自火焰中CH释放的化学荧光,而黄光被认为主要来自炭烟颗粒的辐射。试验发现:随着滚流强度的提高,蓝色火焰面积增加,缸内燃烧速率得以提升,缸内平均指示有效压力增强,相关性分析表明,蓝色火焰面积和燃烧放热率有很好的正相关性。同时,黄色火焰随滚流强度增加而减少,表明炭烟生成量降低。此外,燃烧的循环波动也随滚流强度的增加而降低。     

气缸壁涂加催化剂对均质压燃发动机燃烧特性的影响

通过修改CHEMKIN软件包中的SENKIN模块,对气缸壁涂有催化剂的HCCI燃烧过程进行了数值计算。对比分析了缸内催化燃烧对HCCI发动机的着火时刻及NOx排放的影响;讨论了当气缸壁涂有催化剂时进气温度、进气压力、压缩比、过量空气系数及催化剂种类等多种工况参数对HCCI燃烧特性的影响。     

进气道对增压汽油机流动特性及性能的影响

基于某款增压发动机,通过C FD软件对不同进气道的进气组织及燃烧过程进行模拟计算,并分析了气道对发动机着火特性和燃烧参数的影响。研究结果表明：减小气道拐角半径 R或进气门直径,均可提高发动机滚流比和湍流强度;火花塞处较低的湍动能强度不利于火焰中心的形成;湍动能较强区域位于燃烧室中间区域更有利于点火之后火焰向四周迅速传播,优化了发动机的燃烧过程。     

一款1.5L缸内直喷汽油机的燃烧系统设计

基于进气道三维流场测试装置、定容弹喷雾试验台和光学单缸机测试系统组成的缸内直喷汽油机燃烧系统可视化开发平台,开发设计了满足设计要求的高性能进气道,并匹配了缸盖燃烧室和活塞,有助于缸内混合气的形成,提高燃烧速率;综合考虑排放与机油稀释量的基础上,优化设计了喷雾靶点。对所设计的燃烧系统进行了光学单缸机试验和热力学多缸机试验验证。结果表明,进气道和燃烧室组织引导的气流在缸内形成高滚流,对喷雾油束有强烈的弯卷作用,极大促进了均质混合气的形成,并减小喷雾碰壁的风险;喷雾靶点的合理设计有效避免喷雾油束与壁面的碰撞,减少了机油稀释率和起燃工况HC排放;所设计的燃烧系统搭载1.5TGDI发动机实现了80kW/L、最大扭矩250N·m、排放较低的性能指标。     

发动机进气及压缩过程工质运动强度度量的研究

结合某4气门汽油机进气系统CFD算例及国外相关研究进展,分析了应用涡流比和滚流比作为发动机工质运动强度的度量的不足之处。提出对于稳态CFD分析,可应用流经气门最小流通截面的单位质量工质动能流量与单位质量湍动能流量来评价宏观和微观的工质运动强度,对于进气及压缩过程的瞬态CFD分析,可应用缸内单位质量工质的动能与湍动能来评价宏观和微观的工质运动强度,并探讨了两者在进气及压缩过程的变化规律。     

基于模拟计算的GDI发动机燃烧室优化设计

利用AVL Fire软件,对一款高压缩比直喷汽油机的缸内流动及喷雾过程进行了数值模拟,研究了不同燃烧室设计方案对缸内流动过程的影响。结合滚流、旋流、湍动能、缸内当量比分布等8项评价指标,分析了不同方案对混合气形成的改善效果。通过分析计算结果,并引入优化率对燃烧室设计进行评估,评估结果表明,最优方案在高转速工况和低转速工况的优化率分别达到了25.3%和23.4%,发动机缸内混合气的形成过程得到了明显的改善。     

Effect of injection condition and swirl on D.I. diesel combustion in a transparent engine system

The objective of this work was to investigate the effects of injection conditions and swirl on D.I. diesel combustion using a transparent engine system. The test engine is equipped with a common rail injection system to control injection conditions and to obtain split injection characteristics. A combustion analysis and steady flow test were conducted to measure the heat release rate due to cylinder pressure and the swirl ratio. In addition, spray and diffusion flame images were obtained using a high speed camera. The LII & LIS methods were also used to obtain 2-D soot and droplet distributions. High injection pressure was found to shorten ignition delay, as well as to enhance peak pressure. The results also revealed that the heat release rate in the premixed combustion region was markedly reduced through the use of pilot injection, while the soot distribution and the heat release rate in the diffusion combustion region were increased. The swirl effect was found to shorten ignition delay at certain injection timings, and to enhance the heat release rate in all experimental conditions.     

基于EGR分层的直喷汽油机进气道结构优化研究

为了实现废气围绕在可燃混合气周围,并且废气较浓区域集中于燃烧室底部的EGR分层形式,基于1台缸内直喷汽油机,利用CFD仿真软件Fire针对原机切向气道结构以及切向气道与螺旋气道相结合的气道形式进行了仿真,探究其实现预期EGR分层的潜力,并从缸内进气流场角度分析EGR分层机理。结果表明:原机切向气道由于滚流在压缩冲程中被大幅削弱,不能形成研究预期的EGR分层形式;采用切向气道与螺旋气道相结合的进气道结构形式可以使滚流在压缩冲程中具有较好的保持性,并结合EGR相位调整,实现了约10%的EGR分层梯度,EGR分层形式符合研究预期。     

车用汽油机稀薄燃烧的实现及排放特征分析

研究了车用465汽油机稀薄燃烧的实现与机内净化策略,借助于缸内存在的滚流运动,采用适当的气道内喷射方式,实现了均质稀薄燃烧,不同负荷时的稀燃极限可达21~22,分析了汽油机稀燃排放的特征,NOx排放先升高后降低,HC和CO排放明显降低,合理控制稀燃空燃比,可降低NOx排放。     

滚流对火花点火式发动机性能的影响

火花点火发动机气缸内空气运动的滚流与涡流一样，都可以增加燃烧室中的湍流强度，提高火焰传播速度和燃烧速率，从而改善燃烧过程，提高发动机的动力性能。本文详细介绍了滚流形成机理和影响滚流的气道参数。对2气门TJ376Q发动机的试验结果表明：新进气道的设计提高了缸内空气运动的滚流强度和流量系数，通过进气系统的优化，可以增加发动机最大转矩和最大功率输出，试验在电控燃油喷射下精确控制燃油，降低了最低燃油消耗率。     

气门开启过程对压缩终了缸内涡流运动的影响

首先采用进气道稳流试验和数值模拟方法对两款柴油机进气道的稳态流动进行研究对比,然后利用Converge软件对两款柴油机在标定工况下的进气和压缩过程进行了瞬态数值模拟研究,并对该过程中各个时刻的缸内和燃烧室内涡流运动通过无量纲参数瞬态涡流比来进行分析。结果表明,柴油机实际工作过程中进气道在气门小开度及中等开度下形成涡流的能力对压缩终了时燃烧室内的涡流强弱有很大影响。现有的稳态评价方法不足以体现这一特征,稳态评价方法有待改进。