共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 890 毫秒
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分析了内河航道现有绝对高程与相对高程计算与相互转换的人工分带计算和转换方法,提出了微型计算机自动计算与转换方法,并进行了Windows平台上的计算与转换程序设计,进行了不同计算方法转换前后的数据比较,比较结果表明本自动计算方法和程序是准确可靠的,可以在内河航道绝对高程与相对高程数据计算与相互转换中推广应用。 相似文献
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吊舱推进器定常水动力性能计算 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用FLUENT软件进行拖式吊舱推进器水动力性能的计算,将整体计算域划分为三个区域进行从而达到合理减少计算网格的目的.对于吊舱推进器的整体计算由于涉及到转子/定子物体的相互干扰问题,文中在模拟相互干扰平均效果的定常情况计算中,采用混合面模型进行.对计算方法及边界条件的设置进行了详细介绍.讨论了两种壁面函数对计算结果的影响.计算了不同进速系数下吊舱推进器的推力系数、扭矩系数.采用四套网格进行了吊舱推进器水动力性能计算的比较分析,给出了详细的计算网格参数.分析了计算网格数对吊舱推进器理论预报精度的影响. 相似文献
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文章介绍了半潜式平台总体波浪载荷的几种计算方法,通过对两座在建半潜平台进行波浪载荷计算,分析了不同波浪载荷计算方法的结果,总结不同波浪载荷计算方法的优缺点,为以后波浪载荷计算选取合适的载荷计算方法提供了参考。 相似文献
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极地重载甲板运输船照度计算主要分成了两个部分,室内照明的照度计算和室外照明的照度计算,其中室内照明的照度计算是利用系数法计算,室外照明的照度计算通过3D照度计算软件计算. 相似文献
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分析了不同方法应用于偶极子影响系数的计算,并详细介绍了Gauss‐Bonnet定理在偶极子影响系数计算中的应用。探讨了这些计算方法的近似处理及由此造成的误差,进而以Gauss‐Bonnet定理为基础提出了计算偶极子影响系数的修改办法。将此种修改办法应用于面元法的计算中,以×××桨及×××桨为计算对象,分析修改前后的偶极子计算方法对计算结果精度的影响。从理论上探讨了面元法中,有关偶极子影响系数计算环节的误差及减小此部分误差的办法。 相似文献
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Nathan J. Bennett 《Coastal management》2019,47(1):67-87
The world’s oceans and coasts are awash in a sea of politics. The marine environment is increasingly busy, changing, and a site of degradation, marginalization, injustice, contestation and conflict over declining resources and occupied spaces at local to global scales. Themes of political ecology, such as power and politics, narratives and knowledge, scale and history, environmental justice and equity, are thus salient issues to understand in ocean and coastal governance and management. This subject review examines research on these themes of political ecology in the ocean and coastal environment and reflects on how the insights gained might be applied to governance and management. Political ecology provides important insights into: the influence of power in ocean management and governance processes; the manner in which narratives, knowledge, and scale are used to legitimize and shape policies and management efforts; the effects of historical trajectories on present circumstances, options, and practices; and the nature of inequities and environmental injustices that can occur in the marine environment. Moreover, ocean and coastal researchers, practitioners, and decision makers ought to engage with the political processes and injustices occurring in the ocean. Moving from critical insights to constructive engagements will ensure that political ecology helps to plant seeds of hope in the Anthropocene ocean. 相似文献
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Georgina Santos Hannah Behrendt Tara Shirvani 《Research in Transportation Economics》2010,28(1):2-629
Road transport imposes negative externalities on society. These externalities include environmental and road damage, accidents, congestion, and oil dependence. The cost of these externalities to society is in general not reflected in the current market prices in the road transport sector.An efficient mobility model for the future must take into account the true costs of transport and its regulatory framework will need to create incentives for people to make sustainable transport choices. This paper discusses the use of economic instruments to correct road transport externalities, but gives relatively more weight to the problem of carbon emissions from road transport, as this is particularly challenging, given its global and long-term nature.Economics offers two types of instruments for addressing the problem of transport externalities: command-and-control and incentive-based policies.Command-and-control policies are government regulations which force consumers and producers to change their behaviour. They are the most widely used policy instruments. Examples include vehicle emission and fuel standards in the US as well as driving or parking restrictions in Singapore. The implementation cost of these instruments to the government is small. Although from an economic perspective these policies often fail to achieve an efficient market outcome, the presence of political constraints often make them the preferred option, in terms of feasibility and effectiveness.Economic theory shows how policies, which affect consumption and production incentives, can be used to achieve the optimal outcome in the presence of externalities. Incentive-based policies function within a new or an altered market. We first examine incentive-based policies, which cap the aggregate amount of the externality, such as carbon emissions, by allocating permits or rights to the emitters. The emitters are then free to trade their permits amongst them. The permit allocation mechanism is important-although market efficiency would be satisfied by an auction, political influences usually favour a proportional allocation based on historic emissions. We discuss EU ETS as an example of a cap-and-trade system, however, no such policy for CO2 emissions in road transport has been implemented anywhere in the world to date.Fiscal instruments are, like command-and-control, widely used in road transport, because they are relatively cheap and simple to implement. They include the use of taxes and charges in order to bridge the gap between private and the social costs and, in principle, can lead to an efficient market solution. Registration, ownership, fuel, emissions, usage taxes, and parking and congestion charges have been implemented in many countries around the world. On the other side of the spectrum, subsidies can be given to those scrapping old cars and buying fuel-efficient vehicles. Some cities, such as London, have implemented congestion charges and many states in the United States have introduced high occupancy lanes. Other interesting possibilities include pay-as-you-drive insurance and other usage charges. However, the size and scope of taxes and subsidies are determined by governments, and because of their imperfect knowledge of the market the outcome is still likely to be inefficient.Governments have many effective economic instruments to create a sustainable road transport model. These instruments can be used separately or together, but their implementation will be necessary in the nearest future. 相似文献
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中国的独木舟出现可能与西方同期,风帆出现比埃及晚,但是一经问世,技术上先进程度却是惊人的,特别是公元前后到十五世纪,许多发明创造更是举世瞩目。这些发明和创造,不但丰富和发展了自己,而且使世界各国受益非浅,极大地促进了世界造船业发展与航海贸易进行,其贡献是辉宏的。通过以船型、水密舱壁、明轮推进、船舵与使帆技术、船体建造及其工艺、导航技术、造船理论、船舶检验与管理、水战兵器、郑和下西洋意义等十个方面进行介绍,它充分证明了中华民族有着光辉灿烂的文化,中国人民,是勤劳智慧的人民。在增加民族自豪感同时,也激励我们继往开来,与时俱进,勇往直前。 相似文献
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中国修船业在国家改革开放的浪潮中,经历了三十多年的快速发展,如今已稳居世界修船大国的国际地位,而中国修船企业正在引领世界绿色修船科技的进步,也引起了国际修船业的高度关注.然而,在人类社会生态环境面临严峻挑战的当下,作为世界贸易和港口经济重要组成部分的修船产业,如何形成发展新格局,从生态层面推进绿色、低碳、数字"一体化"... 相似文献
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At the time of writing (2010), the world is witnessing the aftermath of the most severe financial sector meltdown in modern economic history caused by the real estate bubble in the United States. Its consequences on the real economy, especially in Europe, are yet to be fathomed, and this of course includes the longer-term impacts on international ocean transportation, ports and the distribution of global production.The economic recession has left the international shipping and port sectors with substantial overcapacity. This has resulted in drastic cost cutting measures on the one hand, and voluntary, often consensual, and coordinated reduction of supply on the other. These measures, together with a noticeable recovery in demand, are gradually leading again to improvement in prices charged by carriers and other transport service providers.In view of the country’s expanse; size of population; and regional inequalities, India’s dry ports (inland cargo consolidation and distribution centres) are seen by the government as a pivot of export-led growth and economic development (Haralambides & Gujar, 2011). Moreover, public and private sectors alike see the coordinated development of dry ports as the only way forward in terms of easing pressures at congested coastal ports, thus improving supply chain efficiency. In spite of this, dry port development and operations are still dominated by the public sector, under prices, capacity, land acquisition policies and other conditions that make private sector participation risky and comparatively unattractive. In order to rationalize dry port capacity and prices, this paper argues in favour of greater devolution through competition-enhancing Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs). The paper puts forward recommendations for the necessary legal, regulatory and general economic policy interventions based on international best practice, while keeping Indian specificities in the right perspective. 相似文献
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Chengjin WangJiaoe Wang 《Research in Transportation Economics》2011,32(1):54-63
Port system is a research focus of transport geography, and most studies believe carriers are important factors in the development and concentration of the port system. Since the 1990s, carriers have played an important role in organizing the global shipping network and reorganizing the port system. But there isn’t a perfect method to evaluate carriers’ influence and the roles of each port in the maritime shipping networks. In this paper, we use the monthly schedule table of international carriers to describe and model the spatial pattern of the global shipping network and identify its hub-and-spoke system. The result shows that a hierarchical structure exists in the global shipping network. The North Hemisphere, especially the East Asia and the Southeast Asia, is a dominant region of the worldwide shipping network. East Asia, Southeast Asia, Northeast Europe, and East coast of the USA are the concentration regions of worldwide shipping lines. The ports of Hong Kong, Singapore, Shenzhen, Shanghai, and Kaohsiung etc have advanced capacity for maritime shipping and high potentials for being hub ports in the global shipping network. Today, the worldwide shipping network is transforming from the multi-port calling system to 44 regional hub-and-spoke systems. Meanwhile, the sub-networks with hub ports of Antwerp, Singapore, and Hong Kong have become the most important ones and dominate the whole global shipping network. 相似文献
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基于200米级高扬程升船机固定壁厚塔柱结构形式,以混凝土用量一致为原则,拟定变壁厚塔柱结构形式。采用有限元软件ABAQUS,分别建立了固定壁厚和变壁厚两种塔柱结构模型,对塔柱结构的动力响应进行对比分析。结果表明:1)在自重荷载、风荷载和8度地震作用下,固定壁厚塔柱结构和变壁厚塔柱结构的顶部最大位移分别为38. 5、34. 7 cm,均满足规范限值。2) 3条地震波作用下,两种塔柱结构的顶部加速度比底部加速度都大,呈现加速度放大效应,放大2倍左右。3)筏形基础与塔柱结构交界面出现了压应力集中,筏形基础左右、中间部分及筒体内部区域出现了拉应力集中。塔柱截面和挡土墙交界处易发生应力集中。4)变壁厚塔柱结构的顶部最大位移,筏形基础的最大拉、压应力,截面最大等效应力,均比固定壁厚要小较多。变壁厚塔柱结构形式更优。 相似文献