基于制动轨迹检测的汽车路试模拟技术

为提高汽车制动性能检测结果的客观性,解决对同一辆汽车进行台试与路试的检测结果不一致的问题,提出路试模拟技术.该技术得以实现的关键是汽车制动轨迹的检测,具体方法是:在单个矩形测试平板的4个角,分别安装相同的压力传感器,以矩形平板的相邻边,建立平面坐标系,当车轮在平板上制动时,利用力矩平衡原理,求得车轮制动时的运动轨迹.将测试平板并排串联放置,组成路试模拟系统,可以对汽车各个车轮的制动轨迹同时进行检测.利用该方法可实现对汽车制动距离、横向位移、航向角等参数进行实时检测,从而模拟路试法进行汽车制动性能的评价.     

计算机仿真汽车ABS性能评价方法

采用计算机仿真方法实现了对汽车ABS制动过程的模拟仿真，开发了一套ABS性能评价系统。该系统具有图形与数字显示功能，能直观地反映汽车ABS性能，可以迅速地显示车辆参数和道路参数对ABS性能的影响。在基于计算机仿真的基础上提出了反映ABS性能的7大评价指标：附着系数利用率、附着系数利用率均方差、滑移率均值、滑移率均方差、稳定系数、制动压力均值、制动压力均方差，综合利用这些指标可以较好的评价计算机仿真下的汽车ABS的基本性能。     

高原高寒环境对汽车制动性能的影响

汽车的制动性能对于汽车安全行驶至关重要且极易受到气候影响,文章针对高原与高寒环境对汽车制动性能的影响进行了研究。通过分析气压、空气中氧气的质量浓度与海拔的关系,以及在高原和高寒环境下汽车制动性能的表现,得出可采用提高真空助力器真空度和改变真空管接头位置的方法来改进汽车的制动性能。该方法为后续汽车制动性能的改善提供了指导和依据。     

基于功能原理的汽车ABS制动距离计算及分析

对装有ABS汽车的制动过程进行分析;依据根据功能原理,建立了制动距离的计算数学模型,用该模型推导了ABS汽车在平路和坡道上制动距离的计算公式,该公式表明汽车制动距离的相关影响因素。同时该公式可以应用于汽车制动性能的分析。     

制动噪声试验方法及模糊评价

本在大量道路试验的基础上，针对制动噪声随机性大和重复性差的特点，提出了一套关于制动噪声测试的试验方法和评价方法，该评价方法应用了模糊数学的原理，对制动噪声进行模糊综合评价，最终给出汽车的总评分和评语，具有明显的分辨率，这种模糊综合评价方法出同样适用于汽车其它性能的综合评价和汽车的总评分。     

汽车弯道制动试验响应分析

汽车弯道制动是一种危险而复杂的工况，其复杂性表现在影响因素多和评价方法两方面。文中通过试验，分析了影响汽车弯道制动性能的主要因素。从试验结果来看，用稳定性和偏移量两个评价指标，可以较全面评价汽车弯道制动性能。     

汽车ABS弯道制动的阶梯控制

提出了汽车ABS弯道制动的阶梯控制模型,在不同附着性能的路面上对该控制模型进行分析验证并与其它滑移率控制方法进行比较,分析表明该控制模型显著改善了汽车ABS弯道制动的制动性能,提高了汽车弯道制动的稳定性和保证了制动效能。     

制动力分配比固定式双轴货车制动性能的评价方法

讨论了汽车制动性能的评价方法,提出应以车轮抱死之前所能达到的最大制动减速度、制动距离和附着系数利用率等作为制动性能的评价指标,并用以比较各轴的最大制动强度,预测先抱死的车轮。设计了程序框图,并以 EQ140型汽车为例进行了计算。     

乘用车制动标准对汽车制动性能的评价

汽车制动性能是汽车安全性的重要评价指标之一,本文主要通过分析我国现有乘用车制动有关标准:GB 7258-2017《机动车运行安全技术条件》、GB 21670-2008《乘用车制动系统技术要求及试验方法》中的相关要求,对乘用车制动性能进行评价。     

基于雷达測速技术的混动汽车道路制动性能分析

一汽丰田开发的普锐斯混动汽车,可以将制动能量回收来充电,提高了能源利用率。而汽车的制动性能直接影响汽车使用安全性,是汽车安全行车的重要因素之一,是汽车检测诊断的重点。基于雷达测速技术及装备,在LabVIEW软件平台的支持下,测试混动汽车制动过程中的速度、距离、加速度、时间等参数的变化,对混动汽车道路制动性能进行评价分析。     

驾驶机器人车辆动态制动力矩补偿

为了减小长期自动驾驶过程中制动性能下降带来的影响,提出了一种驾驶机器人车辆动态制动力矩补偿方法。首先建立了以车速和制动踏板力为输入,制动力矩为输出的驾驶机器人车辆制动性能离线自学习模型。然后考虑到驾驶机器人车辆长期自动驾驶导致离线自学习模型可靠性下降,建立了以车速和制动踏板力为输入,制动力矩为输出的扩展自回归在线辨识模型,并采用模糊变遗忘因子递推最小二乘法进行参数辨识。模糊变遗忘因子递推最小二乘法通过引入遗忘因子的方式,对数据施加时变加权系数,以避免出现数据增长导致的数据饱和现象。模糊变遗忘因子控制器以制动力矩辨识误差为输入,经模糊规则推理实时输出合适的遗忘因子进行参数辨识,能够有效均衡驾驶机器人车辆制动性能参数辨识的稳定性与收敛速度。驾驶机器人车辆自动驾驶过程中,根据当前车速与目标车速的大小计算出所需的制动力矩,加上反馈回来的制动力矩误差,并结合当前时刻的车速,利用制动性能离线自学习模型与机械腿逆向运动学模型实时计算出制动电机输出位移量,实现对驾驶机器人车辆制动力矩的在线补偿。仿真与试验结果表明:利用所提出的方法对车辆动态制动力矩进行辨识时,通过调节遗忘因子,辨识结果能够快速收敛且辨识误差较小。在此基础上,控制驾驶机器人车辆进行纵向车速跟踪时,能够有效减小制动性能下降造成的影响,保证控制车速跟踪误差在±1km·h-1之内。     

Braking Force Distribution Control for Improved Vehicle Dynamics and Brake Performance

This paper describes the feasibility of improving the braking performance of a commercial vehicle by using an electronic braking system. An electronic braking system enables the braking force at each wheel to be independently controlled. Braking force distribution control makes the braking force at each wheel proportional to each wheel's load. Results of computer simulation and vehicle test showed that the proposed control laws can eliminate the effects of a laden condition on the braking distance and can increase the degree of deceleration at which wheel lock occurs, resulting in improved vehicle attitude stability during a critical maneuver.     

Braking Force Distribution Control for Improved Vehicle Dynamics and Brake Performance

SUMMARY

This paper describes the feasibility of improving the braking performance of a commercial vehicle by using an electronic braking system. An electronic braking system enables the braking force at each wheel to be independently controlled. Braking force distribution control makes the braking force at each wheel proportional to each wheel's load. Results of computer simulation and vehicle test showed that the proposed control laws can eliminate the effects of a laden condition on the braking distance and can increase the degree of deceleration at which wheel lock occurs, resulting in improved vehicle attitude stability during a critical maneuver.     

Development of the brake system design program for a vehicle

It is quite challenging to estimate the braking performance of a vehicle because the brake system is comprised of many parts, including a booster, master cylinder, and caliper. Calculation of characteristics such as braking force through vehicle tests requires much time and money. Therefore, the development of a method to estimate the braking performance of a vehicle using qualitative methods is beneficial. In this study, a program that can analyze the braking capabilities of a vehicle such as pressure, efficiency, and pedal travel is presented. The increase in disc temperature during braking as well as the properties of various boosters can be calculated using the proposed program. Dynamic characteristics of a vehicle equipped with a Load Sensing Proportional Valve (LSPV) were computed more precisely by obtaining the change in valve pressure according to the displacement of a suspension system. Since all input and output files are composed in the Microsoft Excel format, both design data management and database construction can easily completed.     

Improvement of drivability and fuel economy with a hybrid antiskid braking system in hybrid electric vehicles

When braking on wet roads, Antilock Braking System (ABS) control can be triggered because the available brake torque is not sufficient. When the ABS system is active, for a hybrid electric vehicle, the regenerative brake is switched off to safeguard the normal ABS function. When the ABS control is terminated, it would be favorable to reactivate the regenerative brake. However, recurring cycles from ABS to motor regenerative braking could occur. This condition is felt to be unpleasant by the driver and has adverse effects on driving stability. In this paper, a novel hybrid antiskid braking system using fuzzy logic is proposed for a hybrid electric vehicle that has a regenerative braking system operatively connected to an electric traction motor and a separate hydraulic braking system. This control strategy and the method for coordination between regenerative and hydraulic braking are developed. The motor regenerative braking controller is designed. Control of regenerative and hydraulic braking force distribution is investigated. The simulation and experimental results show that vehicle braking performance and fuel economy can be improved and the proposed control strategy and method are effective and robust.     

纯电动乘用车关键系统设计研究及分析验证

本文主要针对某纯电动乘用车进行关键系统选型及匹配分析,首先基于整车性能目标及整车性能参数,确定其动力驱动方式及制动能量回收策略和方案。其次为了更好提升整车能量管理水平,改善能耗,提升续航里程,本文研究的纯电动汽车制动系统采用电液助力系统(IBS)。IBS系统能够有效进行能量计算,确定液压系统是否介入工作,在满足制动需求的同时,改善整车能耗,提升续航里程。最后,在关键系统选型及设计分析上,利用MATLAB仿真软件进行性能初选及设计,结合AMEsim分析软件对选型结果进行加速性能及中国工况续驶里程数据校核,通过仿真与整车试验验证整车性能满足设计指标。     

Vehicle Dynamic Control for In-Wheel Electric Vehicles Via Temperature Consideration of Braking Systems

?Vehicle dynamic control (VDC) systems play an important role with regard to vehicle stability and safety when turning. VDC systems prevent vehicles from spinning or slipping when cornering sharply by controlling vehicle yaw moment, which is generated by braking forces. Thus, it is important to control braking forces depending on the driving conditions of the vehicle. The required yaw moment to stabilize a vehicle is calculated through optimal control and a combination of braking forces used to generate the calculated yaw moment. However, braking forces can change due to frictional coefficients being affected by variations in temperature. This can cause vehicles to experience stability problems due an improper yaw moment being applied to the vehicle. In this paper, a brake temperature estimator based on the finite different method (FDM) was proposed with a friction coefficient estimator in order to solve this problem. The developed braking characteristic estimation model was used to develop a VDC cooperative control algorithm using hydraulic braking and the regenerative braking of an in-wheel motor. Performance simulations of the developed cooperative control algorithm were performed through cosimulation with MATLAB/Simulink and CarSim. From the simulation results, it was verified that vehicle stability was ensured despite any changes in the braking characteristics due to brake temperatures.     

8×4重型自卸车制动性能分析

以某8×4重型自卸车为分析对象,建立了四轴汽车的制动力学模型,对该车在满载、超载情况下进行各轴载荷的计算,前、中、后桥制动力矩和制动力分配分析,在此基础上,提出了多轴汽车的行车制动性能分析方法,并与该车制动性能O型试验结果数据进行对比。实例分析结果表明,该方法简单、实用,能对四轴汽车行车制动性能进行有效分析。     

Worst-Case Vehicle Evaluation Methodology – Examples on Truck Rollover/Jackknifing and Active Yaw Control Systems

A worst-case vehicle evaluation methodology is presented in this paper. This evaluation method identifies worst-case excitation signals so that the vehicle performance under extreme conditions can be assessed. Two case study examples are presented to illustrate the design procedure and potential benefits of this method: the rollover and jackknifing of an articulated truck, and the evaluation of an active yaw control system. In both cases, the worst-case method was able to produce unstable results at very modest steering/braking levels.     

Worst-Case Vehicle Evaluation Methodology - Examples on Truck Rollover/Jackknifing and Active Yaw Control Systems

A worst-case vehicle evaluation methodology is presented in this paper. This evaluation method identifies worst-case excitation signals so that the vehicle performance under extreme conditions can be assessed. Two case study examples are presented to illustrate the design procedure and potential benefits of this method: the rollover and jackknifing of an articulated truck, and the evaluation of an active yaw control system. In both cases, the worst-case method was able to produce unstable results at very modest steering/braking levels.