德国重型高机动性战术车辆的发展

德国是最先研制高机动性战术车辆的国家之一.20世纪50年代末期,前西德开始为陆军规划发展军用车辆,包括装载质量系列和机动性等级系列,由曼MAN公司主导的工业团队于1975年开发了MANKATI系列高机动性战术车辆,包括4×4 MAN4510、6×6 MAN 4520和8×8 MAN 4540三种车型.90年代末,德国开始开发第二代高机动性战术车辆SX和HX系列,这2个系列车型已经大量编配德国、英国、加拿大等国部队.     

影响车辆越野机动能力的因素研究

文章通过对典型越野工况进行分析,研究了影响车辆越野机动能力的影响因素,对提高军用车辆越野机动性具有一定的参考价值。     

军车轮胎评价指标体系探究

简述了国内外军用车辆配套轮胎发展现状,分析了军用车辆对轮胎的特殊技术要求,根据轮胎与整车性能的相关性分析,运用系统分析和逻辑推理的方法,分别从单胎和整车两个角度构建了军车轮胎的评价指标体系,为军车的轮胎选型、设计和试验评价提供了借鉴。     

中型越野车转向问题浅析

在提高中型越野车机动性研究中,分析了在低等级路面高机动性行驶时出现的方向盘打手驾驶体验差问题的主要原因,提出了配装电动辅助转向系统(EAS)的解决方案。某中型越野车分别配装液压助力转向系统(HPS)和EAS进行了对比试验研究。试验项目包括试验场低等级路面(大小圆凸起路、卵石路、搓板路和石块路)高机动性行驶和转向回正,得到了配装2种转向系统的方向盘手力矩对比数据。结果表明,中型越野车配装EAS能够较好解决前述问题。     

应用铁谱仪测量气缸套磨损研究

气缸套的磨损状况是影响军用车辆发动机寿命的重要因素,目前主要的方法是通过测量气缸套磨损量来预测发动机的寿命,本篇主要描述一个应用铁谱仪进行发动机磨损分析计算的例子,并验证了其科学性和可行性。     

军用轮式车辆装备技术发展趋势

军用轮式车辆作为部队机动的重要手段和车载武器系统的平台,直接制约着部队的机动能力,影响着武器系统战斗效能的发挥。因此,应用新技术,提高军用车辆的机动性,改善其平顺性、燃油经济性、操作方便性等,已成为各主要国家军队非常重视的问题。本文主要对军用轮式车辆装备的技术发展趋势作一介绍。 发动机柴油化 柴油发动机与汽油发动机相比,不仅具有动力     

军用车辆管理信息系统基本模式初探

文章根据军用车辆管理系统现行体制及管理现状，描述了军用车辆管理信息系统的组成元素，初步探讨了军用车辆管理信息系统的基本模型及结构。     

混合动力技术军事化应用现状

混合动力汽车(Hybrid Vehicle)是当前汽车行业发展的研究热点,是一种提高车辆经济性,降低车辆污染的技术。对于强调机动性、隐蔽性及动力性的军用车辆其具有广阔的应用前景。文章简要介绍了混合动力技术军事化应用现状,对混合动力车辆的基本构型进行了说明,并列出了部分的基于混合动力技术的军用车辆。依据现有车型的混动技术特点及构型,以军用车辆所关心的环境适应性、电磁兼容性(EMC)、整车控制策略为关注点,分析了现阶段混动技术在军用车型上应用的技术瓶颈。并对未来混合动力军事发应用发展的趋势进行了分析。从使用角度考虑,以满足任务为最终目的,既继承传统动力底盘的优势,解决传统动力底盘动力性的不足,同时又不带来新的技术、成本及可靠性问题。     

提高军用汽车通过能力的有效手段——军用急造路面

军用车辆在遂行战斗、战斗支援和后勤保障任务时，不可避免地会经常在坏路或无路地带行驶。在机械化行军时，若遇到通行困难的路段如松软土地、泥泞道路、沙滩、沼泽、滩涂等，有时就是机动性较高的越野汽车也难以正常通行。如果就地构筑临时性道路，不仅费时多、造价高，而且道路使用过后大多数失去了再使用价值。因此，发展使用时铺、不用时拆、可反复使用的机械化作业人工路面，便成了……     

交通效率的度量方法研究

在全面分析交通效率内涵的基础上,提出了4种交通效率度量方法,即可达性、机动性、生产率、效用方法。分析了各种方法的优点与局限性。对珠江三角洲两个城市高速公路网络交通效率的验证分析表明这4种方法意义明确、算法简便。经进一步的理论分析,可以认为,这4种度量交通效率的方法将为规划工程师和决策人员提供直观、丰富而又简练的信息和决策帮助。     

Performance of spade-less wheeled military vehicles with passive and semi-active suspensions during mortar firing

Many armies are replacing heavy slow tracked vehicles with their lighter wheeled counterparts for their high mobility and better shoot and scoot capabilities. These features make the vehicle hard to track and target in counter-battery fire. However, when firing high calibre guns, spades are needed to connect the vehicle chassis to the ground, so as to transmit parts of the large firing force directly to the ground. Use of spades hinders the vehicle mobility, while elimination of them paves the way for having quicker and more mobile wheeled vehicles. In this article, vibration response of a spade-less High Mobility Multi-purpose Wheeled Vehicle with a mounted mortar is studied and controlled using stock passive, optimised passive, and optimised semi-active dampers as primary suspensions. The spade-less vehicle with optimised passive and semi-active dampers has a better response in heave, pitch, and fore-aft motions and can fire with better accuracy compared to a spade-less vehicle with stock passive dampers. Simulation results indicate that the spades can be removed from wheeled military vehicles if the precautions are taken for the tyres.     

Experimental study on mobility of a vehicle with CTIS in soft soil

Recently, the domestic military vehicles currently being developed are installed with a central tire inflation system (CTIS) to control the pressure of tires to increase the contact area between the tires and the ground and improve mobility on soft soils. On the other hand, it is difficult to find technical data based on experiments for designing a CTIS. In this study, to obtain the technical data to set proper pressures according to road conditions a range of mobility tests were performed on soft soil roads, such as sand and clay, according to the CTIS operating modes to obtain the technical data to set proper pressures according to the road conditions. The characteristics of the mobility and its correlation with the tire pressures in each operating mode were analyzed. The results confirmed that a wheeled vehicle with a CTIS showed better performance on soft soil than a vehicle without a CTIS.     

越野汽车的机动性研究

研究了越野汽车机动性及其影响因素,并且基于越野汽车机动性模型对车辆进行评定。根据研究结论,对某两款越野汽车进行分析,得出其为真正意义上的高机动性越野汽车。     

混合动力与现代陆军装备

简要介绍了美国陆军与戴克集团、通用公司等合作在陆军装备的履带车辆和轮式车辆上应用混合动力的研制和试验情况,日本三菱公司等在民用车辆采用混合动力方面取得的成果,德国磁电机公司在军用车辆上的研究情况;论述了混合动力在燃油经济性、加速性、可靠性和排放等方面所具备的优势及应重点掌握的关键技术;对发展我国军民用混合动力时应注意的一些原则提出了自己的建议。     

军用全挂汽车列车爬坡能力计算

分析计算在坡道上行驶的全挂牵引车的行驶速度,比较采用不同动力总成及传动系统时车辆性能的变化,总结影响车辆爬坡能力的主要因素,为特殊要求用途的军用车辆配置选用提供参考数据。     

Analytical Wheel Models for Ride Dynamic Simulation of Off-road Tracked Vehicles

This paper outlines various analytical approaches of varying complexities to model the wheel in the ride dynamic formulation of off-road tracked vehicles. In addition to a proposed model, four analytical models available in the literature are compared to study their effectiveness in modeling the wheel/track-terrain interaction for ride dynamic evaluation of typical high mobility tracked vehicles. The ride dynamic model used in this study describes the bounce-pitch plane motion of an armoured personnel carrier (Ml 13 APC) traversing over an arbitrary rigid terrain profile at constant speed. The ride dynamic response of the tracked vehicle is evaluated with different wheel models, and compared against field-measured ride data. The relative performance of different wheel models are assessed based on the accuracy of response prediction and associated computational time. The proposed wheel model is found to perform very well in comparison, and is equally applicable for the case of wheeled vehicles.     

江苏响水滩涂土壤圆锥指数试验研究

圆锥指数法(WES)是一种用来快速判断车辆通过性的方法。江苏沿海滩涂风力资源丰富,但滩涂土壤松软,普通车辆难以行驶,为保证风电开发施工设备在江苏沿海滩涂安全行驶通过而不发生陷车,三一电气有限责任公司自行设计了一种圆锥指数仪,用以测量滩涂土壤圆锥指数,判断车辆通过性。对响水滩涂T4风机位附近土壤的圆锥指数进行测量,得到了该区域扰动和非扰动两种情况下的土壤圆锥指数曲线,并对滩涂履带运输车的车辆圆锥指数进行了理论计算,根据试验和理论计算的结果进行了滩涂履带运输车实地行驶试验。试验表明,该型运输车在此区域通过性良好。该试验也为评估其它各种车辆在该地区的行驶通过性提供了数据参考。     

Assessing the Potential Impacts of Connected Vehicles: Mobility,Environmental, and Safety Perspectives

The connected vehicle is a rapidly emerging paradigm aimed at deploying and developing a fully connected transportation system that enables data exchange among vehicles, infrastructure, and mobile devices to improve mobility, enhance safety, and reduce the adverse environmental impacts of the transportation systems. This study focuses on micromodeling and quantitatively assessing the potential impacts of the connected vehicle (CV) on mobility, safety, and the environment. To assess the benefits of CVs, a modeling framework is developed based on traffic microsimulation for a real network located in the city of Toronto, Canada, to mimic communication between enabled vehicles. In this study, we examine the effects of providing real-time routing guidance and advisory warning messages to CVs. In addition, to take into account the rerouting in nonconnected vehicles (non-CVs) in response to varying sources of information such as apps, global positioning systems (GPS), variable message signs (VMS), or simply seeing the traffic back up, the impact of fraction of non-CV vehicles was also considered and evaluated. Therefore, vehicles in this model are divided into; uninformed/unfamiliar not connected (non-CV), informed/familiar but not connected (non-CV) that get updates infrequently every 5 minutes or so (non-CV), and connected vehicles that receive information more frequently (CV). The results demonstrate the potential of connected vehicles to improve mobility, enhance safety, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) at the network-wide level. The results also show quantitatively how the market penetration of connected vehicles proportionally affects the performance of the traffic network. While the presented results are pertinent to the specifics of the road network modeled and cannot be generalized, the quantitative figures provide researchers and practitioners with ideas of what to expect from vehicle connectivity concerning mobility, safety, and environmental improvements.     

一级公路路侧干扰对运行速度的影响研究

为了提高一级公路的安全和运行效率,通过对中国多条一级公路的实地调查,将行驶于行车道的慢速车辆、路侧行人等统一按照路侧干扰进行考虑,从主观和客观2个方面分析路侧干扰对运行速度的影响,并给出了多个影响因素的权重,构造成为路侧干扰函数。研究结果表明:通过路侧干扰函数与主线运行速度的关系,可将路侧干扰划分为4个等级;运用统计学的基础原理对4个等级进行验证分析,得出了4个等级对应的推荐折减系数;建立了路侧干扰等级与主线运行速度之间关系模型。     

军用通信车辆接地问题探讨

分析了军用通信车辆接地的意义及作用,介绍了目前军用通信车辆接地的常用方法,对通信车辆接地的现状及存在的有关问题进行了较为详细的理论分析和探讨,提出了解决问题的方案和基本思路.