Estimation of valve spring surge amplitude using the variable natural frequency and the damping ratio

Internal vibration of the valve spring is a critical factor in determining the dynamic characteristics of high-speed valve train systems. Because precise prediction of the spring surge amplitude is a difficult problem, especially for nonlinear variable-pitch springs, the development stage requires a process of trial and error. In the present study, a new method that considers the variable natural frequency and variable damping ratio is proposed to predict the spring surge amplitude. First, the change in the natural frequency and damping ratio caused by compression is predicted from the initially given pitch curve at the free height. Second, the spring surge amplitude is estimated by solving the wave equation with nonlinear variable coefficients. The surge amplitudes of typical valve springs are also measured using a motoring test rig and are compared with theoretical results predicted by the spring drawing and cam profile data.     

大客车空气弹簧动态特性的试验分析

空气弹簧具有变刚度特性，其振动频率要比钢板弹簧低得多。对客车用空气簧动态特性进行了试验分析。结果表明，空气弹簧在多种载荷工况下特性曲线具有相似性，说明一种空气弹簧适合于多种载荷的汽车；空气弹簧的动刚度主要取决于激励频率，在低频范围内幅值比较小，高频范围内幅值比较大。     

67CrVA弹簧钢在斯太尔发动机气门弹簧上的应用试验

针对由67CrVA弹簧钢制造的斯太尔发动机气门弹簧进行了各项性能试验，结果表明，气门弹簧经合适的喷丸强化、热强压工艺处理后，其疲劳寿命、负荷损失率均达到标准要求；松弛试验结果表明，67CrVA弹簧钢是一种具有良好的抗松弛性能和疲劳性能的材料。最后进行了装机试验，经l000h台架试验，67CrVA弹簧钢制造的斯太尔发动机气门弹簧性能指标达到了QZZ1ll8—1994标准的要求。     

Research on the electro-hydraulic variable valve actuation system based on a three-way proportional reducing valve

As the internal combustion engine moves into the 21st century, fully flexible valve actuation systems are being proposed as an enabling technology for advanced internal combustion engine concepts. Electro-hydraulic valve actuator systems are being considered as a potential variable valve technology. Compared to the servo control system, the system using a proportional valve has the advantages of low price, high anti-pollution ability and high reliability. Our research focuses on exploring the dynamic characteristic of the electro-hydraulic variable valve system, which is based on three-way proportional reducing valve. In this paper, the structure and working principles of the system are described. The dynamic mathematical model of the system is derived. From the analysis of a linearized model and dynamic simulation, it is demonstrated that the system will be stable only if the proportional reducing valve has a positive opening. Some structural factors that affect the system’s dynamic characteristics, such as input signal, the stiffness of the return spring and the pre-tightening force of the return spring, are studied using AMESim. The experimental results coincide with the theoretical and simulated analyses. Further study shows that the dynamic response can be improved effectively by adopting closed-loop control of valve lift.     

考虑桩-土相互作用的结构自振频率计算

以弹簧模拟桩-土的相互作用,建立了桩-土结构的有限元模型。结合工程实例,采用该模型计算了桩基的自振频率,分析了弹簧等效刚度的变化对模型自振频率的影响。     

配气机构有限元动力计算及分析

本文应用配气机构有限元动力模型对顶置气阀下置凸轮轴配气机构进行了动力计算，计算结果与实测数据相符，并用此模型对６１０２Ｑ柴油机配气机构在各种转速工况下进行了动力分析，求出了该机构运动规律，接触应力，振型，自振频率及气阀弹簧各圈的运动和振动。     

某款125发动机气门弹簧的选择计算

气门弹簧是四冲程发动机配气系统的关键部件，其参数设计不仅影响发动机的动力性，更重要的是影响发动机能否在高转速下正常运行。通过对某款125mL摩托车发动机配气参数及现有气门弹簧参数的计算，确定了新机型气门弹簧的选型，通过校核计算表明，甲机型的气门弹簧应用于新机型，可以保证使用可靠性和稳定性。     

Optimized design for a MacPherson strut suspension with side load springs

Undesired lateral force inevitably exists in a MacPherson suspension system, which is liable to damper rod’s side wear and promotes the damper’s inner friction decreasing the ride performance from the suspension system. Substituting a new side load spring with curved centerline for the conventional coil spring has been proven able to solve these problems and Multi-body Dynamics combining with Finite Elements Analysis may be an efficient method in optimizing its design. Therefore, taking a passenger car as example, a detailed multi-body dynamics model for the suspension system is built to simulate forces exerted on the damper and the minimization of its lateral component is selected as the design target for the spring. When the structure optimization of the side load spring is performed using FEA software ANSYS, its vertical and lateral elastic characteristics, supported by test data, are analyzed. After importing FEA results back to the suspension system, the dynamics simulation can be performed to validate the optimization result.     

变参数压缩螺旋弹簧的性能评述

对变参数压缩螺旋弹簧进行了分类，研究了主要性能，指出了优越性，提出了评价指标，制订了设计原则，进行了对比计算。     

板簧动态特性的研究

本文对板簧进行了动态试验研究,提出了板簧惯性修正方法,它具有严格的理论依据并经试验证明合理。文章还依据试验结果,修改了板簧指数模型,使板簧模型更加实用,对车辆动力学的研究具有一定意义。     

发动机气门弹簧的可靠性分析和可靠度估算

本文论述了发动机气门弹簧可靠性分析的方法,特别是介绍了在只有弹簧动态应力的实验数据而缺乏材料疲劳性能有关数据时,对气门弹簧可靠度进行估算的方法。     

金属主簧-复合材料副簧复合刚度计算模型

为了揭示金属主簧-复合材料副簧的变形机理并快速预测其复合刚度,综合应用板弹簧设计理论、复合材料层合板理论及有限差分法建立了金属主簧-复合材料副簧复合刚度的理论计算模型,并编写了相应的MATLAB计算程序。采用ABAQUS软件建立了某金属主簧-复合材料副簧总成的有限元模型并对其刚度特性进行有限元模拟。有限元模拟刚度与理论计算刚度之间的误差低于3%,从而验证了理论计算模型的正确性。建立的理论计算模型不但阐明了金属主簧-复合材料副簧的变形机理,而且适宜编程计算,能准确快速地预测金属主簧-复合材料副簧的复合刚度,这对复合材料板簧的推广应用具有重要意义。     

Influential factors for HLA pump up in a roller finger follower engine

In an HLA (hydraulic lash adjuster) piston engine, “pump up” can occur when a valve is opened by the HLA when it should be closed. HLA pump up is more frequently encountered with exhaust valves than with intake valves. When HLA pump up in occurs in the exhaust valve, exhaust gas from the exhaust manifold enters the cylinder on the intake stroke, and fresh air-fuel mixture exits through the exhaust manifold on the compression stroke and is burned in the catalyst, causing partial burning, misfire, catalyst melting and power drop. HLA pump up occurs when the force on the valve from the HLA is higher than the force on the HLA from the valve. HLA pump up is related to design parameters, such as oil pressure, rocker ratio, spring load, spring surge, and both intake and exhaust valve timing. In this study, valve lift and load on a roller finger follower were measured at varying engine firing conditions to evaluate HLA pump up. The results indicated that effective measures to reduce HLA pump up include a higher rocker ratio, a lower oil supply pressure to the HLA, a higher spring installation load and a lower spring surge.     

汽车发动机气门弹簧残余应力的研究

根据气门弹簧失效机理和气门弹簧的应力分析,阐述了与钢丝轴线呈45°(或135°)方向的残余应力是直接影响气门弹簧疲劳性能的因素。采用X射线应力测试仪对去应力退火和喷丸强化处理两道关键工序中弹簧的内、外圈表面和不同喷丸强化处理参数下次表面的残余应力进行了试验,并对气门弹簧进行了模拟发动机实际工况疲劳试验验证,得到了气门弹簧在这两道关键工序中残余应力和疲劳性能的关系,为今后通过优化工艺来改善气门弹簧的疲劳寿命和性能奠定基础。     

少片簧优化设计

通过举例和理论计算分析少片簧的片数、长度和应力状态对少片簧质量的影响,指出在少片簧设计中其产品质量与应力状态成反比关系,与其片数和长度无关系,进而得出在少片簧设计中提高设计应力和选择较少片数和较短长度是生产成本最低、质量最轻的优化设计方法。     

外置串联阀式阻尼可调油气弹簧研究

对外置串联阀式阻尼可调油气弹簧的基本结构和工作原理进行了分析;建立了以阻尼阀结构数据为参数的阻尼力算法模型。通过对BJ2020JC改装后的油气弹簧进行理论分析和台架试验,结果表明该模型可用于指导阻尼可调油气弹簧的设计。     

Modeling and simulation of a dual-mode electrohydraulic fully variable valve train for four-stroke engines

In modern four-stroke automotive engine technology, variable valve timing and lift control offer potential benefits for making a high-performance engine. In this paper, a novel design named dual-mode electrohydraulic fully variable valve train (EHFVVT) for both engine intake and exhaust valves is introduced. The system is mainly controlled by either proportional flow control valves or proportional pressure relief valves, and hence two different families of valve displacement patterns can be achieved. The construction of the mathematical model of the valve train system and its dynamic analysis are also presented in this paper. Experimental and simulation results show that the dual-mode electrohydraulic variable valve train can achieve fully variable valve timing and lift control, and has the potential to eliminate the traditional throttle valve in the gasoline engines. With the proposed system, the engine performance at various speeds and loads will be significantly improved.     

涡轮增压器旁通放气阀杆疲劳断裂研究

针对某型涡轮增压器旁通放气阀杆断裂故障,对断口进行了分析,确定了放气阀杆断裂为双向弯曲疲劳失效。在此基础上,运用有限元方法对放气阀杆断裂的失效机理进行了分析,并给出了相应的改进措施。研究表明,由于放气阀的一阶固有频率过低,落在发动机振动激励频率范围之内,很容易引起放气阀杆共振而发生疲劳断裂。建议对放气阀杆进行改进设计以提高其一阶固有频率;同时,结合发动机工作剖面,在设计阶段对放气阀进行动态设计。     

膜片弹簧疲劳断裂的试验分析

通过对几种典型的汽车离合器膜片弹簧的疲劳试验及分析，从力学方面分析了以下三个问题：（1）膜片弹簧疲劳断裂时，裂纹沿碟形部分窗孔径向发展的原因；（2）为什么导致膜片弹簧疲劳断裂的根源是Ⅱ点附近的疲劳源；（3）膜片弹簧上表面为什么也会出现多个裂纹源，且裂纹扩展到一定深度后停止发展。并用试验证明了离合器在正常运行的情况下，膜片弹簧子午截面上Ⅲ点附近不可能产生疲劳断裂的裂纹源。从而提出，在膜片弹簧设计时应以Ⅱ点应力来建立疲劳强度条件。     

基于ADAMS的空气悬架客车平顺性仿真与试验

以多体系统动力学理论为基础,应用机械系统仿真分析软件ADAMS,创建空气悬架客车前悬架、后悬架的多体系统动力学模型,包括转向系、发动机、车身、前后轮胎等在内的整车虚拟样机模型。并通过编制路面谱文件对虚拟模型进行平顺性仿真和悬挂系统固有频率仿真试验,结果显示该车的平顺性能比较理想。将仿真结果与样车道路试验结果进行对比,发现二者比较吻合,从而验证了所创建的虚拟样机模型的可靠性。研究结果表明虚拟试验可以有效地分析汽车的平顺性。