公交支付方式及其效率调查分析

智能系统的广泛使用,带来了移动支付的普及。公交支付在传统IC卡和现金支付的基础上,加入了云闪付和二维码支付。为探究移动支付对公交支付效率的影响,基于杭州市公交发展现状,制定了公交支付情况的调查方案。通过对所选10、93、97公交线路的早、晚高峰和平峰的三天实地调查,采集视频数据并使用SPSS进行定量统计分析,发现公交乘客刷卡占62%、二维码占27%、云闪付占6%、现金占5%。当乘客提前做好准备时,刷卡支付时间为1.29 s,低于云闪付的1.42 s和二维码的1.65 s,而未准备好时用时分别为6.74 s、10.94 s、8.54 s。通过相关性和多元线性回归分析得出"提前拿卡"、"上车掏卡"、"提前开二维码"和"上车开二维码"四种支付方式对公交停留时间延长的影响最大。     

A review of the evidence for induced travel and changes in transportation and environmental policy in the US and the UK

This paper reviews recent research into the demand inducing effects of new transportation capacity. We begin with a discussion of the basic theoretical background and then review recent research both in the UK and the US. Results of this research show strong evidence that new transportation capacity induces increased travel, both due to short run effects and long run changes in land use development patterns. While this topic has long been debated amongst transportation planners, the fundamental hypothesis and theory has long been apparent in studies of transportation economics and planning that evaluated different issues (e.g. travel time budgets and urban economic development effects). We summarize much of this work and relate the theoretical issues to recent empirical research. We then proceed to examine recent changes in transportation and environmental policy in the US and the UK. The role of the new knowledge of induced travel effects would be expected to lead to changes in the conduct of transportation and environmental policy. Changes in policy and implementation of those policies are still occurring and we provide some suggestions on how to move forward in these areas.     

Zambia,the TAZARA and the alternative outlets to the sea

Zambia has attempted to reduce her excessive transport dependency on her traditional transport routes via South Africa and the former Portugese colonies. The costly construction of the Tanzania‐Zambia Railway (TAZARA) was part of this diversification strategy. This article examines the nature, extent and direction of Zambian traffic, including its historical evolution. It explores further the place of TAZARA among the various routes to Mozambican, Angolan and South African ports, and the ensuing actual and potential competition. Future traffic patterns will be influenced not only by the direct and service‐oriented costs of the different lines, but also by the region's volatile and uncertain political climate.     

新形势下路桥企业青年员工思想存在的问题及对策

文章针在当前路桥企业青年员工思想状况以及存在的问题,提出做好青年员工思想政治工作的看法和对策,为新形势下企业如何做好青年员工思想政治工作,提供参考。     

Problems of the carless in the United Kingdom and the United States

An examination of current population statistics shows that in the U.S. more than half of the population is without immediate access to a car, and in the U.K. more than three-fifths of the population is without access to a car. This phenomenon has been accentuated by national investment in both countries in major highway programs. The term carless refers to more than just households that own no cars. It extends, in households with cars to those without licenses (old and young), the handicapped, and even the licensed drivers who have no access to the family car when it is in use elsewhere (e.g. at work). The most severely effected are those in urban areas and especially the urban poor. Transportation expenses are limited for the poor when other family expenditures (food, shelter) take a high priority. Once the work trip has been satisfied, money for other trips, for the poor, is not always available. One solution to cost-free travel is pedestrianism (walking), but this too is difficult in urban areas where the pedestrian has been overlooked in favor of the car. Solutions to problems of the carless include dial-a-ride, better public transit, and better design of urban form.     

Bridging the gap between evacuations and the sharing economy

Transportation - This paper examines the opportunities for addressing evacuations by leveraging the sharing economy. To support this research, we use a mixed-method approach employing archival...     

“一带一路”中老泰铁路运输风险评价及保费研究

随着“一带一路”设施联通建设的不断推进,作为泛亚铁路中线工程的中老泰铁路也是其中重要的一部分。为研究一带一路中老泰铁路货物运输风险以及相关保费计算,本文首先采用层次分析法得到铁路货物运输过程中存在的政治因素、气候因素、运维因素和自然力因素的风险以及不同风险因素组合的权重;其次基于N-K模型对风险进行耦合,并且结合权重计算风险耦合值,根据风险耦合值划分风险区间,不同风险区间对应的附加费率不同,最后利用保费计算公式可以得到保险费用。本文末以中老泰铁路运输水果为例,基于不同风险因素的耦合得到15个风险耦合值,并计算保费,得出不同风险下的保费结果。     

On the relationship between the discrete and continuous models for combined distribution and assignment

The relationship between the discrete and continuous models for the combined distribution and assignment problem is presented. In particular, it is shown that, under certain conditions, the classic continuous flow formulation of the combined distribution and assignment problems can be viewed as the continuous approximation of the discrete model formulated in terms of the Efficiency Principle.     

西气东输二线府河定向钻穿越设计与施工

西气东输二线长输管道定向钻穿越府河工程,采用了大口径、长距离、入土端含卵砂石条件下的水平定向钻技术。文中介绍输气管道在府河复杂地质条件下定向钻穿越的设计方法与施工方案,论述定向钻穿越设计、处理卵砂层方法、导向孔钻进、扩孔、回拖、泥浆配置等技术,总结工程设计及施工经验,为大口径长输管道定向钻穿越技术在复杂地层中的应用和发展提供新的实践资料。     

道路货运成本结构与通行费下调效应分析

"超限超载"的产生与发展,蕴藏着深层的内在运作机理,包含着复杂的经济社会原因.其中道路货物运输价格体系的长期扭曲失衡与成本结构的有欠合理是一个不容忽视的根本原因.为此,公路所开展了货运市场运价与成本"治超"专项研究,先后历时一个多月,行程数千公里,深入7省市运输一线,对21家典型企业和个体业户的23辆货车、24条线路进行了跟踪调查,获取了大量的第一手资料与原始数据,并对此进行了解析.     

Universities and the cycling culture

Environmental analysis consistently shows transport as being amongst the top three contributors to a university’s ecological footprint. This paper reports on a study undertaken at the Mawson Lakes Campus of the University of South Australia into cycling as a sustainable transport option. First, the paper analyzes the campus as a text: an artifact which addresses a particular audience and is actively read and interpreted by those who travel through it. In reading the campus, we go beyond examining levels of cycling infrastructure provision to consider the way infrastructure provision constitutes and positions different travelers as (ab)normal. Second, the paper looks at different groups of cyclists on campus, why some commuted to university and others did not and the experiences of each of these groups. It is found that cyclists are largely written out of the Mawson Lakes text which challenges their legitimacy as travelers and as users of campus space. The research also found substantial differences between groups of commuter and non-commuter cyclists and this division fell along staff and student lines. We conclude by suggesting ways that this and other universities might legitimize cyclists and facilitate cycling as a mode of travel.     

Social Impacts of Transport: Literature Review and the State of the Practice of Transport Appraisal in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom

Abstract

Transport appraisals in European countries increasingly address three dimensions of sustainability—economic, ecological and social. However, social impacts of transport have been underexposed in (ex‐ante) transport project appraisal, at least in the Netherlands. Firstly, this article presents a theoretical framework describing the relationships between determinants of social impacts of transport; it also provides a definition and categorization of those impacts. Secondly, the article reviews the state of the practice of national transport project appraisal in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. The article shows that social impacts of transport investments can take on many forms and their levels of importance may vary widely, in project appraisal. The UK transport appraisal guidance includes a spectrum of social impacts through quantitative and qualitative assessments that is broader than the Dutch appraisal guidance. However, it does not cover the full range as identified in the literature. This holds, in particular, for the temporary impacts of transport investments, health impacts, social cohesion, the distribution and accumulation of impacts across population groups and social justice. All in all, it can be concluded that there is a long way to go before social impacts of transport projects are completely included in appraisals, in a way that allows us to compare them to economic and ecological effects.     

新老路基结合部处治技术

文章分析了路基拓宽工程的主要方式和工程技术问题,提出了新老路基不协调变形的计算方法和路面结构对路基不协调变形的力学响应模式,通过建立基于不协调变形控制的路基拓宽设计理论和方法,系统地提出不同条件下的新老路基结合部处治技术及其施工控制方法,为公路路基拓宽工程的设计与施工提供了科学依据。     

漏磁式智能检测在管道中的运用及管道腐蚀分析

天然气输送管道在生产运行中，在内部不可避免的受到输送介质的腐蚀，在外部由于施工建设质量、绝缘层的缺陷、阴极保护不足等诸多因素的影响，同样存在腐蚀，并且随生产年限延长而逐年加重，安全隐患增大。因此，对管道内外腐蚀检测是监测、评价管道的重要项目之一。西南油气田分公司在国内首次引进国外漏磁式智能检测技术。文章分析了该项技术的检测参数、置信度、经济效果评价和存在的缺陷，论述了管道内、外腐蚀的原因，提出了减缓腐蚀的各项建议。     

Climate change and the contribution of transport: Basic facts and the role of aviation

There is a world-wide consensus that climate change policy has to be intensified to achieve reduction goals set for 2020 and 2050. But it is heavily debated which contribution should be expected from the transport sector. It is often argued that in the transportation sector CO₂ marginal mitigation costs are higher such that – together with high growth of transport activities – the reduction targets for this sector should be relaxed. Green transport policy is contrasting this view and underlines that considerable reductions of climate gases in the transport sector are possible without risking economic prosperity. The aviation industry is in the focus of this discussion and first attempts are being made in the European Union to integrate aviation in an emission trading system. It will be shown that the impact of this policy will be very low in the medium term and that additional measures are necessary to create enough incentives for the aviation industry to exploit their reduction potential.     

土压平衡盾构故障诊断及保养系统的研制与开发

文章以目前地铁建设中常用的土压平衡盾构为背景,介绍了盾构故障诊断及保养系统的总体结构方案、知识库知识的获取建立、推理机的设计及系统的主要工作流程等,旨在通过系统的研制与开发,提高盾构掘进机的施工效率.