弯道诱发道路交通安全事故分析

道路交通安全关乎我们的切身利益,其诱发因素颇多,而弯道是交通安全事故高发地。文章从汽车行驶特性、不良视距、会车超车等方面入手,分析弯道诱因与交通安全事故间的内在关系,并提出了基于GPS、GIS信息系统工程的智能交通预警思路,为交通安全控制提供理论参考依据。     

道路交通事故发生机理与实例分析

交通事故发生机理是认识道路交通事故发生过程、交通事故预防和改善交通安全的基础。文章以道路交通系统为研究对象,分析道路交通事故的形成过程,将交通事故发生机理分为驾驶行为差错类事故发生机理、外部因素突变类事故发生机理、综合性事故发生机理三类,并在此基础上绘制了道路交通事故发生机理图,同时结合国道109线兰州八盘村路段进行了实例分析。     

基于关联规则的乌鲁木齐道路交通事故分析

交通事故的发生具有随机的特点,但从统计学的角度看,一个地区在较长时间内发生的交通事故又具有一定的规律性。本文先对乌鲁木齐市2014年至2016年上半年道路交通事故的原因构成、时间和空间分布特征进行分析,然后运用关联规则对事故结果作进一步分析,找出易导致事故发生的频繁因素组合,总结出事故多发的原因和规律,为以后交通事故的预防提供参考依据。     

重特大道路交通事故的成因模型及应用分析

道路交通事故已成为威胁社会发展的公害,特别是特大交通事故影响最为恶劣,因此有必要研究具有重大社会影响的特大道路交通事故的成因。本文提出了一个新的道路交通事故成因模型,分析了一起典型的特大道路交通事故案例,指出了该特大道路交通事故成因特征,并结合道路交通事故成因模型对该事故案例进行成因分析,最后提出关于特大道路交通事故预防措施的建议。     

重型道路交通事故模块化智能综合救援车的研制

针对拥堵及狭窄道路环境、多种等级路面以及灾害破损路面条件下的交通事故快速抢通救援需求,研发设计具有作业系统模块化设计组合及集成匹配技术、适用于多路况的专用底盘技术、智能化多传感辅助操作及安全监控技术等多种技术融合的重型道路交通事故模块化智能综合救援车,使得道路交通应急救援技术装备更加专业化、高效化。     

西部项目研究成果提升天山公路病害防治能力

编者按：西部地区地形地质条件复杂,生态环境敏感脆弱,交通建设必然会遇到许多技术难题。西部项目“天山公路工程地质病害研究”,提出了天山公路建设中的灾害防治措施和环境保护对策及技术建议,不但保障了天山公路改造工程的顺利实施,而且对于新疆乃至全国山区公路泥石流等公路病害防治具有科学指导和经验借鉴作用。本篇对西部项目天山公路工程地质病害研究成果进行介绍,以期推广使用。     

高等级沥青公路路面水损害及防治措施分析

沥青路面作为我国高等级公路中最常见的路面形式,具有施工速度快、行车舒适度高、噪音小等优点,但在公路的使用过程中,极易产生水损害现象,尤其是在南方降雨量多的季节。本文通过分析沥青公路路面产生水损害的主要原因,针对具体原因提出了相应的防治措施,希望为公路工程的建设和维护提供参考,以提高高等级沥青公路的建设质量和使用年限。     

公路桥梁伸缩装置病害原因及防治措施

公路桥梁伸缩装置是桥梁结构中最易遭受破坏而又较难以修补的部位。文章基于桥梁伸缩装置的主要病害形式及具体工程现况调研,从设计、装置本身、施工及管理维护等方面分析了桥梁伸缩装置产生病害的原因,并提出了针对性的防治措施。     

Valuing road noise for residents in Hong Kong

This study estimates the willingness-to-pay value for a one dB(A) change over a range of initial noise levels for a sample population in Hong Kong. It establishes a protocol for estimating the willingness-to-pay values by first establishing an annoyance–dB relationship. The protocol takes into account the characteristics that the probability of being annoyed at a particular level varied with the initial objective noise level, and the annoyance–dB relationship varied for a range of initial annoyance level. The study shows that household income level and initial annoyance levels exert considerable influences on the individual’s willingness-to-pay values. However, age and educational level were found not to exert any significant influence on individual’s willingness-to-pay values.     

Valuing reductions in environmental pollution in a residential location context

A stated preference ranking experiment is designed to estimate the willingness-to-pay (WTP) for reducing the amount of atmospheric pollution in a group-based residential location context. Important issues are the proper definition of the context and the variable metric for the environmental attribute. Sample members were asked to rank 10 options arising from variations in the attributes travel time to work and to study, rent of the house and an environmental attribute (the number of days of Alert, in terms of concentration of PM₁₀, at a dwelling’s location). Multinomial logit models based on a consistent microeconomic framework were estimated for various stratifications of the data (income, pollution sensitivity, and type of dwelling currently inhabited). From these subjective values of time and WTP were derived for reductions in the number of days of alert and hence the amount of pollutant concentration at a given location. The WTP came out at about 1% of the family income for reducing one contingence day per year; this is approximately 60% higher than an estimate reported for the city of Edmonton, Canada, but the average PM₁₀ concentration in Santiago is about six times higher.     

Valuing crowding in public transport: Implications for cost-benefit analysis

This paper investigates the valuation of crowding in public transport trips and its implications in demand estimation and cost-benefit analysis. We use a choice-based stated preference survey where crowding levels are represented by means of specially designed pictures, and use these data to estimate flexible discrete choice models. We assume that the disutility associated with travelling under crowded conditions is proportional to travel time. Our results are consistent with and extend previous findings in the literature: passenger density has a significant effect on the utility of travelling by public transport; in fact, the marginal disutility of travel time in a crowded vehicle (6 standing-passengers/m²) is 2.5 times higher than in a vehicle with available seats. We also compare the effects of different policies for improving bus operations, and the effect of adding crowding valuation in cost-benefit analysis. In doing that, we endogenise the crowding level as the result of the equilibrium between demand and supplied bus capacity. Our results indicate that important benefits may be accrued from policies designed to reduce crowding, and that ignoring crowding effects significantly overestimate the bus travel demand the benefits associated with pure travel time reductions.     

Valuing time and reliability: assessing the evidence from road pricing demonstrations

This paper compares results from evaluations of two recent road pricing demonstrations in southern California. These projects provide particularly useful opportunities for measuring commuters’ values of time and reliability. Unlike most revealed preference studies of value of time, the choice to pay to use the toll facilities in these demonstrations is relatively independent from other travel choices such as whether to use public transit. Unlike most stated preference studies, the scenarios presented in these surveys are real ones that travelers have faced or know about from media coverage. By combining revealed and stated preference data, some of the studies have obtained enough independent variation in variables to disentangle effects of cost, time, and reliability, while still grounding the results in real behavior. Both sets of studies find that the value of time saved on the morning commute is quite high (between $20 and $40 per hour) when based on revealed behavior, and less than half that amount when based on hypothetical behavior. When satisfactorily identified, reliability is also valued quite highly. There is substantial heterogeneity in these values across the population, but it is difficult to isolate its exact origins.     

公路隧道火灾事故调查分析

公路隧道内一旦发生火灾事故,其后果通常极其破坏性和危害性。文章根据对欧洲、日本、中国等多起重大公路隧道火灾事故的调查资料,研究分析了公路隧道火灾事故的成因、特点以及应急救援措施;总结了以往公路隧道火灾事故的分布、类型,以及防火安全工作的经验教训,以期为我国公路隧道防灾减灾设计与应急救援管理提供参考。     

地下连续墙施工中的常见事故及对策

文章介绍了地下连续墙施工中的常见事故及其预防措施和处理方法.工程实践证明,地下连续墙的施工必须选择合理的成槽设备及工艺,做好工序控制和施工事故的预防,才能确保施工质量.     

穿村路段公路噪音影响与防治分析

通过对山东省沂南县境内国省道干线公路穿村路段声环境分析与研究,在已设置18个监测点中,发现其中9个敏感点存在噪音影响,但噪声超标量都比较小,针对此情况,本文就其降噪防治策略进行研究,根据不同程度的噪声超标敏感点提出防治策略,以解决国省干线公路的噪音影响。     

“以树养路”举措在百色农村公路的实践

经费短缺一直是农村公路养护中的“瓶颈”难题,文章介绍百色农村公路通过建立以树养路的管养模式,利用公路边坡有效的坡面面积,种植速生桉等经济林木,破解农村公路养护经费短缺的难题,实现了“有路必养”的目标。     

Life cycle assessment of bituminous pavements produced at various temperatures in the Belgium context

Bituminous mixture is the premier material for road construction in Belgium. Innovative technologies to improve energy efficiency of pavement constructions are necessary. Warm mix asphalt may provide significant energy savings to the asphalt industry, but the environmental impact of the total life cycle has to be investigated. The use of additives may counteract the reduced environmental impact due to energy savings. This paper presents the results of an environmental impact assessment of four wearing course test sections. Using life cycle assessment, hot mix asphalt is compared to a cold asphalt mix with emulsion and warm mix asphalt with two types of additives: a synthetic zeolite and an organic Fischer–Tropsch wax. Neither hot nor warm mix asphalt could be preferred based on the results of this study, because the additive has a major influence on the environmental results. It was seen that the production of bitumen, the transport and energy in order to generate heat mainly contribute to the total environmental impact. The results from the sensitivity analyses show that the total environmental impact of the life of the pavement can vary significantly based on the choice of the specific data source and service life.     

我国道路运输服务业发展评述

道路运输服务是指对在公共道路上使用汽车或其他车辆从事道路旅客或货物运输及其相关业务活动的总称。道路运输业是综合运输体系中服务范围最广、承担运量最大、运输组织最灵活、运输产品最多样、就业人员最多的运输方式,在国民经济和社会发展中发挥着重要的作用。本文对道路运输服务水平作了理论解释,对我国道路运输服务做出了正反两方面的评价,并分析了问题的原因。