刚性桨叶工作位置对涡旋流堵漏效果的影响

为了克服船舶现有堵漏手段固有的不足,提出涡旋流堵漏的新技术思想.设计制作了相应的试验装置,研究刚性桨叶工作位置对涡旋流堵漏效果的影响.结果表明:当刚性桨叶与破口处于同一高度且距离破口越近时,对降低破口进水量的效果越明显,可用于堵漏的时间延长到300%以上.研究结论可为船舶涡旋流堵漏方法的完善提供理论基础和试验依据.     

舰船涡旋流堵漏方法实验

舰船涡旋流堵漏是为克服现有堵漏手段存在的不足而提出的一种新技术思想。为此专门设计制作了相应的实验装置,分别研究了3 cm,5 cm和7 cm刚性桨叶生成的涡旋流对破口进水量的影响规律。实验结果表明,在转速相同条件下,破口距离越小,桨叶尺寸越大,生成的涡旋流对破口进水量的降低效果越明显,相比自然状态,可降至50%以上。研究结论可为舰船涡旋流堵漏方法的实际应用和装备设计提供必要的实验依据。     

涡旋流堵漏桨叶位置与堵漏效果关系机理

为克服现有堵漏手段的不足,提出一种新技术方法——船舶涡旋流堵漏方法。根据物理试验的具体情况,在利用Gambit软件完成桨叶实体和计算域模型建模的基础上,通过Fluent软件完成刚性桨叶生成涡旋流的数值仿真,根据仿真得到的涡旋流场速度矢量和压强分布,对试验得出的桨叶工作位置对破口进水量的影响规律进行理论剖析,进而从运行机理上揭示桨叶位置与涡旋流形成效果的关系。     

船舶破舱后排水施救能力的确定

建立了船舶破舱瞬时进水量速度的计算模型。考虑不同装载状态下对船舶破口的大小及其位置进行计算，给出了船舶下沉、纵倾后达到新的平衡水线乃至沉没所需的时间及进水量速度的变化规律。提出破舱临界渗透率的概念，明确船舶破舱后进水量速度的变化规律。通过比较、分析船舶破舱进水量速度与船舶排水设备能力的关系，确定船舶抗沉施救能力的可行性。为驾驶员迅速判断船舶破舱后的安全性及如何采取安全、合理的施救措施提供理论依据。     

船舶破舱后排水施救能力及其影响因素

建立了船舶破舱瞬时进水速度模型,通过比较、分析船舶破舱进水量速度与船舶排水设备能力的关系,确定船舶抗沉施救能力的可行性。并分析了当破口参数变化时,进水量速度的变化规律和对船舶浮态的影响。     

基于CFD的船舶破舱进水流量系数研究

在船舶安全性研究过程中船舶破舱进水始终是重点关注的危险事件之一。本文通过建立船舶舱室底部破损的简化模型并使用流体力学计算软件Fluent,采用VOF法进行仿真计算。通过检测进水量得出基于瞬态的船舶破舱进水流量系数,并比较在底部破损口的情况下,不同破损大小、形状及破口所处水深对进水流量系数的影响,为船舶破舱事件中可以更加快速准确地评估船舶破损状况并选择合理救援救助方案提供参考。     

枢纽下游泄水波传递及对船队航行影响研究

根据已建枢纽非均匀下泄水流的调度和实测资料,采用二维水流数学模型研究模式,结合水流对船舶的阻力计算,研究了泄水渡传递运动规律和对上行船舶的阻滞作用.研究表明:泄水波波锋处产生的附加水面比降和流速与泄水波产生前水面比降和流量以及枢纽下泄流量方式有关,泄水渡传递速度呈沿程递减、波峰逐渐坦化规律.通过对碍航河段采取工程措施减小水流流速以及减小枢纽泄流变化幅度、延长流量增加的调度时间等方法,可减小泄水波尺度,削弱水流对行船的阻滞作用,有效改善船舶上滩条件.     

船舶前置导管流态的数值计算与分析

利用Fluent 6.0软件计算和分析了船舶螺旋桨前置导管的平面流流态.比较了安装前置导管前后船体艉部流态,发现安装后流态发生了改变,旋涡大幅减少,流速显著增加,伴流不均匀性减小.用数值方法再显了现有模型试验分析的结果.     

无舱盖集装箱船干舷设计研究

本文针对无舱盖集装箱船这种全新概念的船舶，分别论述了如何用计算方法和实验方法来研究干舷大小与货舱进水量的关系，对无舱盖集装箱船的航行安全性设计提出了良好的依据。     

关于船舶破舱后进水量的快速算法

破舱后船舶性能计算是有关船舶的最复杂的计算之一。在船舶设计阶段可以使用NAPA．Tribon．Damcargo等软件计算,而在航行过程中如果发生破损则需要航海人员能迅速估算出结果。以便及时采取适当有效的措施。曾有文章对此提出了一种快速计算船舶破舱进水量的方法,但文中没有解释这种计算方法的原理和适用范围。本文将就船舶发生第三类破损情形下,也就是破损位置在水面以下,舱柜上部开敞时。分析进水量的变化,以及如何进行快速合理的计算最终进水量提出一些浅显的看法。     

Effects of bulbous bow on cross-flow vortex structures around a streamlined submersible body at intermediate pitch maneuver: A numerical investigation

A flow field around a streamlined body at an intermediate angle of incidence is dominated by cross-flow separation and vortical flow fields. The separated flow leads to a pair of vortices on the leeside of the body; therefore, it is essential to accurately determine this pair and estimate its size and location. This study utilizes the element-based finite volume method based on RANS equations to compute a 3D axisymmetric flow around a SUBOFF bare submarined hull. Cross-flow vortex structures are then numerically simulated and compared for a submarine with SUBOFF and DRDC STR bows. Computed results of pressure and shear stress distribution on the hull surface and the strength and locations of the vortex structures are presented at an intermediate incidence angle of 20°. A wind tunnel experiment is also conducted to experimentally visualize the vortex structures and measure their core locations. These experimental results are compared with the numerical data, and a good agreement is found.     

基于纳潮差分析人工岛对海湾水环境的影响*

针对大连湾人工岛的建设预案,在人工岛多种长度及宽度的组合条件下,运用MIKE21 flow model模块进行人工岛建设前、后的海湾流场模拟,在纳潮差的概念下,探讨研究嵌入人工岛后海湾水体交换的变化规律,进而评价人工岛对海湾水环境的影响。在不同的人工岛功能定位前提下,综合考虑人工岛和水体交换的诸多因素,分别给出了可供规划参考的人工岛推荐方案。     

淤泥质海床上人工岛水流冲刷试验

港珠澳大桥人工岛局部冲刷是大桥工程设计亟待解决的关键技术问题。在现场资料分析与物理模型验证的基础上,采用正态系列模型延伸法,在潮汐宽水槽中研究了淤泥质海床上人工岛周围流态变化和局部冲刷的发展过程。研究结果表明,在洪季大潮情况下,东、西人工岛最大冲深分别为10.3 m和9.0 m,冲刷坑集中在岛桥结合部和隧道防护段及防撞墩附近;最大冲刷深度与人工岛的几何形状、流速、工程水域的沙土特性以及水深等相关,冲刷坑的平面形态则与岛型、水流夹角、涨落潮流速差以及潮流历时有密切关系。     

URANS simulations of static and dynamic maneuvering for surface combatant: part 2. Analysis and validation for local flow characteristics

Part 2 of this two-part paper presents the analysis and validation results of local flow characteristics for a surface combatant Model 5415 bare hull under static and dynamic planar motion mechanism simulations. Unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) computations are carried out by a general-purpose URANS/detached eddy simulation research code CFDShip-Iowa Ver. 4. The objective of this research is to investigate the capability of the code in relation to the computational fluid dynamics-based maneuvering prediction method. In the current study, the ship is subjected to static drift, steady turn, pure sway and pure yaw motions at Froude number 0.28. The free surface, three dimensional vortical structure and, the validation of two dimensional local flow quantities together with the available experimental data are of the interest in the current study. Part 1 provides the verification and validation results of forces and moment coefficients, hydrodynamic derivatives, and reconstructions of forces and moment coefficients from resultant hydrodynamic derivatives.     

Evaluation of consequence assessment methods for pool fires on water involving large spills from liquefied natural gas carriers

This article concerns thermal radiation hazards associated with unconfined liquefied natural gas (LNG) spills on water. Consequence assessment methods were compared to clarify their model characteristics in large-scale LNG spills from an LNG carrier (LNGC). The consequences of LNG release, pool spread, and pool fire hazards were estimated using the following practical methods: the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission’s (FERC) method, the Sandia National Laboratories’ method, and the Fay method. The sensitivity of consequence analysis results to the breach size of a tank was examined under the assumption that LNG is released from a common type LNGC of 125000 m³ cargo capacity. Consequently, it was found that the FERC method is useful from the practical viewpoint of being applicable to any breach size. Finally, thermal radiation hazards from pool fires involving spills from one of the latest and largest LNGCs (250 000 m³ cargo capacity), which are currently considered for construction, were investigated using the recommended FERC method, and the results are discussed in comparison with those for common type LNGCs. As a result, it was found that the maximum thermal hazard distance is longer by only about 24% compared with the common type LNGC, whereas the spill volume is twice as much.     

二维数模研究拆船码头工程对航道的影响

按贴体正交坐标系下的二维水流运动方程建立工程影响河段二维潮流数学模型,通过计算分析表明,工程将引起局部水动力环境及流态的改变,对附近水域潮位的影响很小,对航行条件的影响不大,对航道回淤的影响也很少;并提出了减小上述影响的措施建议。     

江苏如东人工岛工程对周边海域水动力的影响

利用MIKE21软件水动力模块建立和验证了西太阳沙二维潮流数学模型,并将该模型应用到工程项目中,分析了工程前后水动力条件的变化。应用结果表明:人工岛方案实施后整体流场基本不变,即使出现流速、流向的变化也仅局限在人工岛周围的局部区域,对烂沙洋深槽流场不会产生影响。因此,在现状纵横岸线边界条件下,实施人工岛工程后,要维持工程附近的滩槽稳定,潮流优势是关键,所以在实施任何建港或围垦工程时都必须以维持现状水流特征和动力环境为前提,应尽量消除不稳定因素,以保证烂沙洋海域滩槽的稳定。     

爆破挤淤技术在大连新机场深水围堰施工中的应用

大连新机场工程建设采用离岸填筑人工岛方案,深水围堰采用爆破挤淤填石法施工。有效确定炸药药量以及炸药埋深等相关施工参数是深水围堰处理过程中的重点与难点。针对深水围堰爆破参数的问题,以B27围堰中点为研究对象,进行爆破参数计算、施工工艺拟定,并进行施工效果分析。     

URANS simulations of static and dynamic maneuvering for surface combatant: part 1. Verification and validation for forces, moment, and hydrodynamic derivatives

Part 1 of this two-part paper presents the verification and validation results of forces and moment coefficients, hydrodynamic derivatives, and reconstructions of forces and moment coefficients from resultant hydrodynamic derivatives for a surface combatant Model 5415 bare hull under static and dynamic planar motion mechanism simulations. Unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) computations are carried out by a general purpose URANS/detached eddy simulation research code CFDShip-Iowa Ver. 4. The objective of this research is to investigate the capability of the code in regards to the computational fluid dynamics based maneuvering prediction method. In the current study, the ship is subjected to static drift, steady turn, pure sway, pure yaw, and combined yaw and drift motions at Froude number 0.28. The results are analyzed in view of: (1) the verification for iterative, grid, and time-step convergence along with assessment of overall numerical uncertainty; and (2) validations for forces and moment coefficients, hydrodynamic derivatives, and reconstruction of forces and moment coefficients from resultant hydrodynamic derivatives together with the available experimental data. Part 2 provides the validation for flow features with the experimental data as well as investigations for flow physics, e.g., flow separation, three dimensional vortical structure, and reconstructed local flows.