采用SCR-M调速系统的实验电站的故障分析

此文对教学用船舶电站运行过程中的一些典型故障进行了分析,介绍了查找和排除故障的一些基本方法及预防故障发生应采取的相应措施。     

Alfa-Laval分油机常见故障分析

本文通过对Alfa-Laval分油机的一些故障进行分析,并且列举了一些解决问题的方法,为今后的实际工作中对故障的判断和解决提供一些理论性的见解和指导。     

船舶电站系统的典型故障分析

对船舶电站运行过程中的一些典型故障进行了分析,介绍了查找和排除故障的一些基本方法及预防故障发生应采取的相应措施。     

弓网故障的原因分析及预防措施

针对弓网故障发生的原因进行了深入分析,找出了发生故障的规律,提出了一些预防措施。对减少弓网故障的发生,具有一定的参考意义。     

船舶电气设备常见故障实例分析

介绍了排除电气故障常用的几种方法和思路,分析了几例典型的船舶电气设备故障,为船舶电气管理人员在分析和排除船舶电气故障时提供一些参考。     

CZIZ-3伙食制冷装置膨胀阀故障分析及排除

文章分析了船舶制冷系统发生故障时,相关各部件引起故障的原因。阐述了查找、排除故障的方法,并总结了膨胀阀的选用事项,为相关船舶排除此类故障,提供了一些借鉴。     

某艇经航调节器检测电路板故障维修分析

在舰艇远航的过程中,很难预防各种随机因素引起的故障.文章以某艇航行期间经航调节器检测电路板故障诊断的案例,详细介绍了故障的现象,故障诊断的过程和故障抢修的过程,并对整个故障排除过程进行了经验总结,可以给此类故障的解决提供一些有益的借鉴.     

采用SCR-D调速系统的发电机组的故障分析

分析了船舶电站实验教学采用SCR－D调速系统的发电机组及电站运行过程中出现的一些典型故障，介绍了查找和排除故障的一些基本方法及预防故障发生应采取的相应措施。     

某船发电柴油机高温冷却淡水低压故障原因分析与解决

本文介绍某船发电柴油机高温冷却淡水低压故障的发生过程,根据故障表现形式和冷却水系统的特性,结合冷却水系统原理图,分析了冷却水低压故障的原因。阐述了故障的排除方法和处理措施,并就故障产生的直接原因,提出了一些预防措施。     

主机遥控系统起动故障一例

就某船主机遥控系统起动故障的机理及其成因从理论上进行了分析和探讨,并对故障现象确定、故障部位查定进行了论证,且对降低故障率,提高维护管理水平提出了一些建议。     

潜艇超空泡技术应用分析

结合目前国内外超空泡技术的发展,论述发展超空泡潜艇的必要性,介绍了超空泡技术基本原理。依据超空泡鱼雷的配置,提出“变形空化器”的概念;论证超空泡潜艇推进和控制系统的选择;分析导引设备和尾舵的作用以及可能出现的问题。结合4种超空泡航行体稳定模式,分析超空泡潜艇水下稳定性问题,提出超空泡潜艇发展设想。结合对潜艇操纵研究,分析超空泡潜艇的水动力特性问题。同时,对 Suboff潜艇模型进行了流场特性的仿真计算,结果表明：潜艇的头部、指挥室的迎风面、指挥室的两侧艇体和潜艇的尾翼均存在一定的沾湿区域。基于此结果,提出相应的改进方案。对超空泡潜艇未来主要工作进行展望。     

台风条件下TLP串行立管系统碰撞分析

TLP立管系统以丛式方阵排列,台风条件下立管在波浪、海流及平台的联合作用下可能发生碰撞,有必要深入研究TLP串行立管系统的碰撞情况。文章基于DNV-RP-F203规范和Huse半经验尾流模型,提出台风条件下串行立管下游立管来流速度计算方法和立管系统碰撞分析方法,建立串行立管—井口—导管系统耦合有限元模型,研究台风条件下串行生产立管系统碰撞时的力学特性,在整体碰撞分析的基础上进行立管局部碰撞精细化分析,对比分析立管局部碰撞理论解和仿真解的不同。结果表明:下游立管来流速度的计算至少采用文中建立的方法迭代3次。串行立管发生碰撞时的最大应力发生在泥面导管处,碰撞位置应力发生了突变;立管发生碰撞的位置在水深100-120 m范围内。立管局部碰撞分析的理论解和仿真解基本吻合。     

攻角空化器的超空泡形态非对称特性研究

为了满足水下高速超空化航行体运动平衡性和稳定性要求,必须采用非对称超空泡流动模式,采用具有非零攻角的空化器是实现该要求的一种重要策略.基于冲量定理,理论分析了非零攻角空化器引起的超空泡轴向变形量随轴向长度的关系,获得了空化器攻角对超空泡非对称性及其影响因素之间的定性和定量关系,其一阶近似与同类文献的结论是一致的,数值模拟表明了所得结论的合理性和分析的正确性.研究表明,非零攻角空化器引起的超空泡轴线变形量与沿空泡长度的距离呈线性规律增加,并在空泡尾部达到最大,不可能单独利用空化器攻角沿空泡长度来中和重力影响.     

Wind-triggered events of phytoplankton downward flux in the Northeast Water Polynya

Phytoplankton carbon fluxes were studied in the Northeast Water (NEW) Polynya, off the eastern coast of Greenland (79° to 81°N, 6° to 17°W), during summer 1993. The downward flux of organic particles was determined during 54 days using a sediment trap moored at a fixed location, below the pycnocline (130 m). The hypothesis of the present study is that wind events were ultimately responsible for the events of diatoms downward flux recorded in the trap.Wind conditions can influence the vertical transport of phytoplankton by affecting (1) the environmental conditions (e.g. hydrostatic pressure, nutrient concentrations, and irradiance) encountered by phytoplankton during their vertical excursion, and (2) the aggregation and disaggregation of phytoplankton flocs. The first mechanism affects the physiological regulation of buoyancy, whereas the second one affects the size and shape of settling particles.Using field data (wind velocity, density profiles and phytoplankton abundance), we assessed the potential aggregation and the vertical excursion of phytoplankton in surface waters. The results show that, upstream from the trap, wind and hydrodynamic conditions were sometimes favourable to the downward export of phytoplankton. Lag-correlation between time series of wind and phytoplankton downward flux shows that flux events lagged wind events by ca. 16 days. Given that the average current velocity in the top 100 m was ca. 10 cm s⁻¹, a lag of 16 days corresponded to a lateral transport of ca. 130 km, upstream from the sediment trap, where phytoplankton production was lower than at the location of the trap. According to that scenario, 21% to 60% of primary production was exported to depth during wind events. If we had assumed instead a tight spatial coupling between the material collected in the trap and the relatively high phytoplankton production at the location of the trap, we would have concluded that <7% of primary production was exported to depth. The difference between the two scenarios has great implications for the fate of phytoplankton. Our results stress the importance of investigating the spatial coupling between surface and trap data before assessing the pathways of phytoplankton carbon cycling.     

Use of SeaWiFS data for light availability and parameter estimation of a phytoplankton production model of the Bay of Biscay

Processing SeaWiFS (Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor) data provides useful information for the observation and modelling of the phytoplankton production of the Bay of Biscay. Empirical algorithms allow the retrieval of chlorophyll a and non-living Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) concentrations. These data are used to constrain a coupled 3D physical–biogeochemical model of the Bay of Biscay continental shelf. Two issues are investigated, depending on the variable used, to constrain the winter to spring phytoplankton production for the year 2001. First, SPM data is used as forcing data to correct the corresponding state variable of our model. This allows the realistic simulation of the light limited bloom at the end of February 2001, as observed with SeaWiFS chlorophyll a images and from the NUTRIGAS field cruise. Second, chlorophyll a data is used for parameter estimation of the biogeochemical model. The ability of assimilating these data is tested to improve the simulation of strong blooms observed in late May 2001 in the Loire and Gironde plumes. A global optimization method (Evolutive Strategies) is adapted to the complete 3-D coupled model, in order to find the best set of parameters. The hydrological conditions during the bloom can be validated with data from the PEL01 field cruise. After selection of the most sensitive parameters, the method is tested with twin experiments. Then, the use of real SeaWiFS data reduces the model/data misfit by a factor of two, improving the simulation of bloom intensities and extensions. The sets of parameters retrieved in each plume are discussed.     

钢-混凝土箱型组合斜拉桥主梁混凝土收缩徐变分析

组合梁斜拉桥兼有混凝土和钢结构的优点,但作为两种材料的结合体,混凝土收缩徐变会引起组合截面的应力重分配,可能促使混凝土裂缝的提前出现或加速裂缝的扩展,从而降低结构的受力性能和耐久性。采用有限元方法分析了混凝土收缩徐变对组合梁斜拉桥主梁应力重分布的影响,并对混凝土的加载龄期的影响进行了参数分析。计算结果表明：混凝土加载龄期越早,组合截面的应力重分布越明显;混凝土收缩徐变对混凝土桥面板的应力影响不大,但对钢梁应力影响较为显著,钢梁的应力增量达到钢材容许应力的30%左右。     

土工格栅加固港区道路基层效果分析

我国华南港区,高温多雨,因荷载轮压很大造成路面不同程度的破坏。港区道路基层强度承载能力决定港区道路使用性能。考虑港区深软土地基,基于塑性理论,运用有限元软件模拟分析土工格栅加固港区道路基层效果。分析研究表明,采用有限元方法模拟土工格栅加固港区基层的结果与试验段结果相对应;弯沉与极限荷载成反比关系,弯沉值小,极限荷载大,表明土工格栅能提高港区基层结构承载能力,并且,土工格栅放置位置越接近面层,加固效果越好。     

Mechanical model and characteristics of deep-water drilling riser-wellhead system under internal solitary waves

Internal solitary waves with a huge amount of energy easily trigger the large dynamic responses of riser-wellhead system and threaten its structural safety. However, previous studies have only focused on the dynamic response of the riser under internal solitary waves. The riser may experience excessive traction from the platform, especially from the mooring platform, in response to the arrival of internal solitary waves. The bottom of the riser connects to the wellhead system, which in turn exerts a reaction force on the riser. To address this problem, a coupled dynamic model of deep-water drilling mooring platform-riser-wellhead system under internal solitary waves is developed in this paper. A dynamic response analysis method based on the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method and finite element method is also proposed for the mooring platform-riser-wellhead system. A dynamical solver for the coupled system is then developed using MATLAB. The dynamic response characteristics of the riser-wellhead system under internal solitary waves are calculated. Results show that the displacement and bending moment of the system initially increases and then decreases along with the propagation of internal solitary waves, and finally reach equilibrium position. The displacement and bending moment reach their peak before the trough of internal solitary waves passes through the riser-wellhead system. The dynamic responses of the riser-wellhead system under the influence of internal solitary wave loads are much larger than those without the effect of internal solitary wave loads. The riser system experiences shearing loads at the interface of internal solitary waves, which trigger a step-like bending moment variation. The bending moment of the conductor under the mudline is greatly increased by the internal solitary waves.     

USB同步传输在实时数据采集中的应用

讨论了基于USB接口的同步多路数据采集系统的设计。采用单片机控制数据实时采样，在主机WDM驱动程序设计中利用链表技术增加IRP(I／0Request Packet)USB总线驱动程序提交URB(USB Request Block)的数量，改善了采样数据的完整性，使整个采集系统的实时性能有所提高。     

The impact of exceptionally warm summer inflow events on the environmental conditions in the Bornholm Basin

In late summer 2002 and 2003, exceptionally warm inflow events of saline water were observed in the Baltic. These warm saline waters were embedded in the halocline of the Bornholm Basin and caused a strong anomaly of the seasonal temperature cycle. The temperature in October 2002 was the highest ever observed in the halocline of the Bornholm Basin.Although the oxygen content of the inflowing water was only about 1.5 ml l^− 1 at the Darss Sill, it caused a moderate ventilation of the halocline in the Bornholm Basin. On the way through the Arkona Basin, the entrainment of ambient water increased the oxygen content of the inflowing saline water masses.Warm summer inflows were rare events in the last 50 years, but their frequency has increased since 1990. This is likely caused by climate change. The analysis of a 50-year time series of hydrographic parameters reveals significant changes of the thermal regime around the year 1988. The winter surface and intermediate water temperatures of the Bornholm Basin increased by about 1 °C. Also, the duration of warm water in the surface layer was prolonged after 1988. A high correlation between the minimum intermediate winter water temperatures and the NAO winter index was found.Since temperature is a key parameter for many biological processes various responses of the ecosystem to the change in hydrographic conditions could be expected. Possible biological implications of the warm inflow events for the ecosystem are discussed.