高速公路路基边坡滑坡治理的锚索技术分析

为提高公路路基边坡的稳定性和安全性,可采用预应力锚索技术进行路基边坡加固。针对某高速公路滑坡地段的治理实践,全面探讨路基边坡防护设计形式、锚索工法以及施工要点,旨在为高速公路路基边坡滑坡治理工程施工提供技术参考。     

山区高速公路边坡生态防护技术探讨

高速公路建设过程中,利用生态防护技术可在实施边坡防护的同时实现边坡绿化的效果,从而促使高速公路边坡表面不受温度变化及雨水等其他因素影响,降低软土地基剥蚀风险,维持整体高速公路运行的稳定性。文章结合覆盖率、抗冲刷及抗剪强度增加率、生态性能等山区高速公路边坡生态防护指标,阐述了边坡生态防护技术的实施原理,介绍了边坡植被生态防护技术与边坡土壤设计生态防护技术在山区高速公路建设中的应用,并总结了生态边坡防护注意事项。     

生态防护技术在高速公路边坡防护中的应用

文章针对高速公路建设所带来的诸多环境问题,介绍生态防护技术在黄榆高速公路边坡防护中的应用,并通过对这些技术的使用效果进行比较、分析,提出了公路边坡防护中的一些不足以及仍需研究和解决的问题。     

边坡生态防护与景观建设——中国·路域生态工程有限公司

中国·路域生态工程有限公司,专门从事挖方边坡的生态防护与景观建设的设计和施工,属于北京市高新技术企业,拥有先进的施工技术和装备。公司引进了日本成套的取代浆砌片石等刚性防护手段的边坡生态防护与景观建设技术,应用厚层基质喷附技术、棉网状植生带技术和连续纤维加固喷附技术等,对不同地区的公路、铁路、矿山、水利及城建边坡开展生态防护与景观建设。公司自1999年成立以来,先后完成多项大型边坡生态防护与景观建设工程。例如:①山西太原绕城高速公路边坡生态防护与景观建设工程、②内蒙古呼集高速公路边坡生态防护与景观建设工程、③内蒙古老集高速公路边坡生态防护与景观建设工程、④陕西省西禹高速公路合阳段边坡生态防护与景观建设工程、⑤北京市平程路边坡生态防护与景观建设工程等。所有工程均取得了集边坡防护、景观美化和环境保护为一体的可持续效果,获得了社会各界和所有业主的一致好评。     

鄂尔多斯高原黄土干旱地区公路边坡植物防护技术

文章针对鄂尔多斯高原黄土干旱地区的特点,通过内蒙古世界银行贷款公路项目国道210线包头至东胜高速公路的修建,系统研究了公路边坡植物防护技术。从植种的选择、防护类型和施工方法的确定、适合当地条件的路基边坡植物防护形式以及防护效果和效益等方面作了全面的分析和介绍。     

新型生态防护技术处理软岩边坡的适用性研究

由于传统的挂网喷混和浆砌片石封闭护坡技术的持续性和生态效果达不到公路边坡的功能需求,文章对处理软岩边坡的新型生态防护技术进行模拟实验分析,研究其在高速公路边坡防护中的适用性,以期应用于高速公路建设实践,为提高高速公路安全指数以及环保性能提供有效保障。     

资兴高速公路边坡滑塌治理措施分析

文章针对资兴高速公路施工过程中出现的边坡滑塌问题,根据各种地层岩性的特点,分别提出了不同的边坡防护治理措施,为类似的高速公路边坡防护处理提供借鉴。     

边坡生态防护与景观建设——中国·路域生态工程有限公司

中国·路域生态工程有限公司,专门从事挖方边坡的生态防护与景观建设的设计和施工,属于北京市高新技术企业.拥有先进的施工技术和装备。公司引进日本成套的取代浆砌片石等刚性防护手段的边坡生态防护与景观建设技术,应用厚层基质喷附技术、棉网状植生带技术和连续纤维加固喷附技术等,对不同地区的公路、铁路、矿山、水利及城建边坡开展生态防护与景观建设。公司自1999年成立以来,先后完成多项大型边坡生态防护与景观建设工程。例如:①山西太原绕城高速公路边坡生态防护与景观建设工程,②内蒙古呼集高速公路边坡生态防护与景观建设工程,③内…     

威乳高速公路的边坡防护形式

介绍了威乳高速公路的几种边坡防护类型、技术特点、适用条件,针对边坡绿化防护施工技术中的难点问题,从因地制宜的着眼点出发,提出了威乳高速公路边坡防护的对策与建议.     

高等级公路挖方路段边坡治理对策分析

为了提高公路挖方路段边坡治理成效,通过对挖方路段边坡类型及病害问题进行分析,以隰吉高速公路工程为例,从抗滑桩、钢管桩及柔性防护等多个方面,提出高等级公路挖方路段边坡治理对策,从而提高边坡稳定性。     

Noise prediction for highways in Thailand

A model of highway traffic noise is formulated based on vehicle types. The data were collected from local highways in Thailand with free-flow traffic conditions. First, data on vehicle noise was collected from individual vehicles using sound level meters placed at a reference distance. Simultaneously, measurements were made of vehicles’ spot speeds. Secondly, are data for building the highway traffic noise model. This consists of traffic noise levels, traffic volumes by vehicle classification, average spot speeds by vehicle type, and the geometric dimension of highway sections. The free-flow traffic noise model is generated from this database. A reference energy mean emission level (the basic noise) level for each type of vehicles is developed based on direct measurement of Leq (10 s) from the real running condition of each type of vehicles. Modification of terms and parameters are used to make the model fit highway traffic characteristics and different types of vehicle.     

Costs and benefits of US aviation noise land-use policies

Aircraft noise affects human health and welfare. One method US airports use to mitigate the impact of noise on nearby residents is through sound insulation and residential land acquisition projects. Costs of residential insulation and acquisition projects are taken from federal grant summaries while the benefits of noise reduction are calculated as the combined willingness-to-pay for abatement and direct and indirect costs of illness from hypertension, myocardial infarction, and stroke. We show that the average cost of sound insulation projects is $15,600 per person affected while that of land acquisition is $48,900 per person affected. We find that for only in 15% of projects do the benefits to residents from willingness-to-pay for reduction and reduced risk of mortality and morbidity exceed the costs of sound insulation for residences exposed to 65 dB Day Night Level (DNL) of noise. Our estimates suggest that noise insulation projects are more cost-effective than fleet wide mandatory aircraft retirement.     

公路交通噪声监测方法和防治措施研究

本文分析了交通噪声产生的危害,强调交通噪声防治的重要性,结合现行高速公路交通噪声声环境功能区质量监测、衰减断面监测等监测方法,从路线选择、新技术运用、声传递控制等方面综述了可行且有效的交通噪声防治方法,并提出应基于降低噪声污染源源强角度出发,加强降噪路面及低噪声运输工具研发工作,从源头控制噪声污染,从根本上解决噪声污染问题的建议。     

甘肃高速公路施工期噪声污染分析及控制

为进一步了解甘肃某高速公路施工期噪声对周围敏感物的影响,于2018年春夏秋冬昼夜对此高速公路施工期进行了环境噪声监测,对高速公路施工期噪声污染进行了分析并提出合理的控制措施。     

公路噪声预测达标距离超出评价范围现象的探讨

文章根据公路项目环保竣工验收的交通噪声监测结果,通过理论值与实测值的比较,分析了典型路段交通噪声预测达标距离超出评价范围现象产生的原因,并提出了相应的解决措施及建议,为公路建设项目环境影响评价工作提供参考。     

Comparing aircraft noise pollution and cost-risk effects of inland and offshore airports: The case of Dalian International Airport,Dalian, China

China’s Dalian International Airport is taken to compare the aircraft noise pollution and the cost-risk effects of the expanded an existing inland and a proposed offshore airport. The findings show that the aircraft noise pollution of the offshore airport is much less than that of the expanded inland airport; the land-use cost, noise reduction charges and other risks of the offshore airport are also much less; the creation of the offshore airport may be more favorable to the city’s development.     

Hierarchal assessment of noise pollution in urban areas – A case study

Noise pollution in urban areas has many harmful effects on the citizens. There are varieties of noise generation sources of which the traffic noise could be a major source. The point which is perhaps less noticed is that sound level is not the only parameter to indicate the extent and intensity of noise pollution. Situation of urban land uses, distribution of population centers and types of passages can deeply affect the concern on this environmental issue but not with a similar ratio. This article presents an overlaying technique to define noise prone areas using all different factors involved. A case study was carried out in the District 14 of Tehran Metropolitan City where there are busy streets and highways. For this purpose, the share of each criterion in noise pollution intensity was determined using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Afterwards, the map layers were overlaid based upon the relative importance of the criteria to get the final map on which the noise prone areas are specified. The developed method could be used as a tool for indirect estimation of noise pollution by which instead of direct measurement of the equivalent sound level, it would be possible to predict noise susceptible areas considering the most important influential factors.     

The effects of highway development on housing prices

The purpose of this research is to estimate the effects of highway development projects on the price of housing. Transportation development projects, highways in particular, improve a certain area’s accessibility but also increase its levels of exposure to traffic intensity and noise pollution. These externalities are evaluated by homeowners and residents and are reflected in the price of housing. In this paper, we use several repeat sales model specifications, including difference-in-differences estimators, and control for neighborhood effects to examine housing price trends in the municipalities around two newly developed highways in the Netherlands. The results of the research demonstrate that changes in accessibility result in a significant positive effect on the price of housing in nearby municipalities, but that increased noise pollution and traffic intensity levels result in a decrease in prices. The findings also confirm that combining the total effects of all externalities, the effect of highway development on the price of housing is generally positive, and this effect is salient even before the project is completed due to public anticipation effects.     

Transportation planning and quiet natural areas preservation: Aircraft overflights noise assessment in a National Park

Global transportation growth causes several disproportionate impacts on the environment as, for instance, noise pollution which is related to negative effects on human health but also to quiet natural areas decline and biodiversity loss. Besides, sound is a component of ecosystems severely threatened by transportation noise disturbance which is related to negative effects on ecosystem functions. This study deals with aircraft noise impact on natural environments from a multiple innovative perspective. It complementarily combines: noise modeling, field measurements, soundscape audibility, human perception and spatial pattern tools for assessing the chronic growing outdoor noise pollution of ecosystems at landscape scale. Firstly, noticeable soundscape degradation from aircraft overflights has been found causing severe acoustic fragmentation and disruptions in the quietness of a national park in Spain (European Union). Air traffic caused sound pressure levels to increase by approximately 8 decibels from natural ambient levels. Secondly, spatial pattern tools together with noise mapping have been found to be useful in providing decision support for decisions-making through anthropogenic noise impact assessment on the natural environment. Finally, public opinion did not perceive aircraft noise-disruption as being as relevant as that quantified by technical procedures. Although 82% of visitors agree that anthropogenic noise pollution may negatively impact on conservation.     

Valuation of externalities through neo-classical methods by including institutional variables

Externalities are uncompensated influences that are not expressed in a market but that affect the production possibilities or the welfare level of third parties. An example is the noise pollution in airport areas. Although air transport is an important source of economic growth and employment in many countries, the social and environmental problems connected with this sector are rising rapidly. Consequently, airports are becoming a matter of concern to many politicians. On what kind of values should they base their decisions as to further growth or consolidation of the current situation? In this paper we discuss two approaches, one based on mainstream, neo-classical, economics, and one based on institutional approaches, more in particular new institutional economics, which can be seen as a development complementary to the mainstream.