谈汽车驾驶员如何预防交通事故

本文详细分析了驾驶员如何从本身的素质、机动车、非机动车和行人及乘车人等方面来预防交通事故。     

谈一起追尾交通事故的责任认定

有这样一个案例：某村民张忠春无证驾驶拖拉机在公路上按正常路线行驶,被顺行的一辆汽车追尾,造成汽车驾驶员重伤。当地车管部门勘查后,认为事故系汽车超速、超载和疲劳驾驶所致。但由于张忠春无证驾驶,汽车方证照齐全,车管部门遂认定拖拉机驾驶者张忠春负事故     

汽车交通事故技术鉴定:21世纪的知识型新职业

分析道路交通事故的发展,提出汽车交通事故技术鉴定在中国出现的可能性和必然性。介绍国外汽车交通事故技术鉴定作为一咎职业的概况,概括地分析了汽车交通事故鉴定业务需要的基础知识结构和专业知识结构,构筑了汽车交通事故鉴定职业物粗略框架     

谈“错觉交通事故的防治与对策

本文用统计学观点对构成交通事故的原因进行了分析，认为交通事故是有错觉的行车曹贩概率现象。进而以减少遭遇、减少错觉为出发点，对交通事故的治理对策进行了探讨。     

从一起交通事故谈转向节折断的原因

去年夏天，有一位农民同志前来反映，说他刚买了不到半年的载货车，几天前在拉沙途中左轮转向节折断，导致翻车，其妻子从车内甩出，被迎面而来的另一辆车撞死，目前正准备与肇事车主、汽车经销商及汽车生产厂家打官司，想咨询一下转向节折断是不是零件质量有问题。同时他还说，与他同村的一家买的也是这种型号的车，已经用了一年多了，和他一样也从事拉沙运输，一般也都是超载30％-50％，但人家的车从来未出过任何事故。     

Traffic problems in Southeast Asia featuring the case of Cambodia's traffic accidents involving motorcycles

This article provides the background to the special issue by reviewing the status of traffic problems in South East Asian countries, and in particular, the case of Cambodia. The “Make Roads Safe” report by the Commission for Global Road Safety (2011) confirms traffic accidents as the primary cause of youth mortality worldwide. Thus, the United Nations declared the decade from 2011 to 2020 as the “UN Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011-2020”, promoting road safety and to reduce the number of deaths in road accidents by 2020. Furthermore, the “Sustainable Development Goals” adopted in 2015 highlight the important role of sustainable transport in tackling the exclusion of vulnerable groups. On the other hand, the World Health Organization in 2015 indicate an increase in the death rate due to traffic accidents in low-income countries since 2000. Traffic accidents were already recognized as a social problem before the 2000s in countries such as Thailand and the Philippines. At the same time, other ASEAN member states such as Vietnam and Cambodia which have experienced rapid economic growth since the 2000s are now experiencing the seriousness of traffic problems. It is said that 70% of road accidents in Thailand, Cambodia and Laos involve motorcycles and three-wheelers, but despite this situation, the regulatory framework for motorcycles remains undeveloped. In the case of Cambodia, speeding by young people remains the major cause of road deaths and this can be explained by the fact that people can now travel at a higher speed because of road developments but remaining challenges related to underdeveloped traffic legislation, and limited public awareness and knowledge of road safety are overlooked. In 2010, the Cambodian National Road Safety Action Plan 2010–2020 was drafted, aiming to halve the number of deaths in traffic accidents in 2020. However, in reality, the number of road deaths did not decrease to the level anticipated in the action plan until 2016. In this article, the authors emphasize the importance of implementing the “three Es” namely Engineering, Enforcement and Education in developing countries such as Cambodia. In particular, the authors claim that the role of education to increase people's road safety awareness is neglected compared to the other two dimensions and thus, it is highly important to raise people's road safety awareness through education among the young people.     

交通影响分析中的交通量预测模型研究

交通量预测是交通影响分析中的基础性工作之一。从面向应用的角度出发，给出了一种用于交通影响分析（TIA）的交通量预测模型。该模型基于回归分析、时间价值原理与重力分布原理预测交通量建立。实例应用表明模型是实用的。较之传统经验方法，模型能够有效定量预测新建公共建筑交通影响分析中的交通产生量。     

综合交通规划中通道运输量预测方法研究

在区域交通运输规划中,通道运输量的预测,是一个新的问题。提出采用基于公路运量的反推法和基于不同运输方式运输量的叠加法,进行通道运输量的预测,并以《皖江城市带承接产业转移示范区综合交通规划》为例,对通道运输量预测方法在实际课题中的应用情况进行了介绍。     

单向交通在城市交通管理中的作用

从各大、中城市普遍存在的交通拥挤与堵塞问题着手,首先介绍了国内外单向交通设置的基本情况,论述了设置单向交通的基本原理;其次,从宏观角度对单向交通这种交通管制方式的设置条件、设置模式以及设置的重要意义进行了概括和总结;最后,针对我国混合交通的特性,阐述了单向交通与公共交通及自行车交通的关系。     

Alcohol and traffic accidents in Japan

Alcohol induces many traffic accidents. Recently, the number of incidences of driving under the influence of alcohol (DUIA) has decreased in Japan; however, the number of drink-driving situations remains constant. Toughening the penalty has not been a particularly effective method for reducing the number of DUIAs. To reduce accidents resulting from DUIA, an approach other than sanctions may be necessary. Alcohol impairs attentional control for simple tasks and increases the propensity for risk-taking behavior; these are the major perils of DUIA. There are many risk factors for DUIA, including area, time, personal traits, the use of other substances, and alcohol use disorder. Each individual has a different risk factor for drink-driving, so it is important to provide more education for individuals and interventions for alcohol usage according to each risk factor.     

感受日本交通——湖州"星级"驾驶员在日本

■"功"者司机 晚饭后,一辆中型旅游车来到门外,一位师傅非常热情地帮我们搬行李.等我们坐上车,才发现原来搬行李的师傅就是给我们开车的司机.     

道路交通安全现状及交通事故分析方法初探

简述了数理统计技术、交叉分析法在道路交通事故分析、预防中的应用,利用统计数据对国内外道路交通安全状况进行了介绍,分析表明交通事故并不会随着汽车数量的增长而成比例增长,这说明交通事故是可以预防的。     

基于一种交通状态系数的城市路网交通状态评价研究

针对以往城市路网交通状态评价研究中大多从中观角度将路口归入路段而忽略了交叉口对路网交通状态影响的问题,选取交叉口进口饱和度和路段平均行程速度作为路网状态评价的基本参数,将宏观路网交通状态评价与微观交通状态分析相结合,定义了一种新的路网交通状态系数,作为交通畅通行驶的阻抗,研究确定了路网交通状态系数临界值,提出了一种新的...     

交叉口交通流仿真研究

针对交通网络中的交叉口车流具有连续时间特性,动态信号灯的切换具有离散事件特性的情况,以4相位单交叉口为对象,建立了1个4相位交叉口的混杂自动机模型,该模型中以车辆排队长度为连续状态变量描述连续车流动态,以信号灯状态为离散状态变量描述离散信号灯动态。在该模型的基础上分析了交叉口各个方向的输入、输出车流动态,采用CheckMate3．6工具箱进行仿真。仿真结果表明该模型不仅能够刻画交叉口车流的动态混杂特性,而且能够验证信号灯配时方案对车流疏导是否有效,从而为信号灯配时设计提供1种检验方法。     

基于浮动车数据的交通事件参数特性研究

利用微观交通仿真软件Vissim搭建交通事件环境,对在不同堵塞程度和不同交通流量的交通事件情况下,浮动车采集的浮动车速、行程时间、浮动车位置等移动检测交通参数变化特性进行了分析比较,总结出交通事件情况下的浮动车移动检测各交通参数变化规律,并以此为基础对模式识别法、统计预测法、时间序列和智能算法等4种基于浮动车数据的交通事件检测算法进行了探讨,具有覆盖面广、成本低等特点。