谈汽车驾驶员如何预防交通事故

本文详细分析了驾驶员如何从本身的素质、机动车、非机动车和行人及乘车人等方面来预防交通事故。     

汽车交通事故技术鉴定:21世纪的知识型新职业

分析道路交通事故的发展，提出汽车交通事故技术鉴定在中国出现的可能性和必然性。介绍国外汽车交通事故技术鉴定作为一咎职业的概况，概括地分析了汽车交通事故鉴定业务需要的基础知识结构和专业知识结构，构筑了汽车交通事故鉴定职业物粗略框架     

从一起交通事故谈转向节折断的原因

去年夏天，有一位农民同志前来反映，说他刚买了不到半年的载货车，几天前在拉沙途中左轮转向节折断，导致翻车，其妻子从车内甩出，被迎面而来的另一辆车撞死，目前正准备与肇事车主、汽车经销商及汽车生产厂家打官司，想咨询一下转向节折断是不是零件质量有问题。同时他还说，与他同村的一家买的也是这种型号的车，已经用了一年多了，和他一样也从事拉沙运输，一般也都是超载30％-50％，但人家的车从来未出过任何事故。     

谈“错觉交通事故的防治与对策

本文用统计学观点对构成交通事故的原因进行了分析，认为交通事故是有错觉的行车曹贩概率现象。进而以减少遭遇、减少错觉为出发点，对交通事故的治理对策进行了探讨。     

Traffic problems in Southeast Asia featuring the case of Cambodia's traffic accidents involving motorcycles

This article provides the background to the special issue by reviewing the status of traffic problems in South East Asian countries, and in particular, the case of Cambodia. The “Make Roads Safe” report by the Commission for Global Road Safety (2011) confirms traffic accidents as the primary cause of youth mortality worldwide. Thus, the United Nations declared the decade from 2011 to 2020 as the “UN Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011-2020”, promoting road safety and to reduce the number of deaths in road accidents by 2020. Furthermore, the “Sustainable Development Goals” adopted in 2015 highlight the important role of sustainable transport in tackling the exclusion of vulnerable groups. On the other hand, the World Health Organization in 2015 indicate an increase in the death rate due to traffic accidents in low-income countries since 2000. Traffic accidents were already recognized as a social problem before the 2000s in countries such as Thailand and the Philippines. At the same time, other ASEAN member states such as Vietnam and Cambodia which have experienced rapid economic growth since the 2000s are now experiencing the seriousness of traffic problems. It is said that 70% of road accidents in Thailand, Cambodia and Laos involve motorcycles and three-wheelers, but despite this situation, the regulatory framework for motorcycles remains undeveloped. In the case of Cambodia, speeding by young people remains the major cause of road deaths and this can be explained by the fact that people can now travel at a higher speed because of road developments but remaining challenges related to underdeveloped traffic legislation, and limited public awareness and knowledge of road safety are overlooked. In 2010, the Cambodian National Road Safety Action Plan 2010–2020 was drafted, aiming to halve the number of deaths in traffic accidents in 2020. However, in reality, the number of road deaths did not decrease to the level anticipated in the action plan until 2016. In this article, the authors emphasize the importance of implementing the “three Es” namely Engineering, Enforcement and Education in developing countries such as Cambodia. In particular, the authors claim that the role of education to increase people's road safety awareness is neglected compared to the other two dimensions and thus, it is highly important to raise people's road safety awareness through education among the young people.     

道路交通静化在交通安全中的应用

介绍了交通静化的起源与概念,实施交通静化的目的、原则及依据;详细阐述了各种交通静化技术与措施的含义、用途、适用地点、优缺点以及可取得的在降低车速、减少交通量、降低交通事故率等方面的成效;针对我国交通状况,探讨了我国引进交通静化技术的必要性,展望了交通静化在我国的发展前景。     

交通影响分析中的交通量预测模型研究

交通量预测是交通影响分析中的基础性工作之一。从面向应用的角度出发，给出了一种用于交通影响分析（TIA）的交通量预测模型。该模型基于回归分析、时间价值原理与重力分布原理预测交通量建立。实例应用表明模型是实用的。较之传统经验方法，模型能够有效定量预测新建公共建筑交通影响分析中的交通产生量。     

综合交通规划中通道运输量预测方法研究

在区域交通运输规划中,通道运输量的预测,是一个新的问题。提出采用基于公路运量的反推法和基于不同运输方式运输量的叠加法,进行通道运输量的预测,并以《皖江城市带承接产业转移示范区综合交通规划》为例,对通道运输量预测方法在实际课题中的应用情况进行了介绍。     

Alcohol and traffic accidents in Japan

Alcohol induces many traffic accidents. Recently, the number of incidences of driving under the influence of alcohol (DUIA) has decreased in Japan; however, the number of drink-driving situations remains constant. Toughening the penalty has not been a particularly effective method for reducing the number of DUIAs. To reduce accidents resulting from DUIA, an approach other than sanctions may be necessary. Alcohol impairs attentional control for simple tasks and increases the propensity for risk-taking behavior; these are the major perils of DUIA. There are many risk factors for DUIA, including area, time, personal traits, the use of other substances, and alcohol use disorder. Each individual has a different risk factor for drink-driving, so it is important to provide more education for individuals and interventions for alcohol usage according to each risk factor.     

单向交通在城市交通管理中的作用

从各大、中城市普遍存在的交通拥挤与堵塞问题着手,首先介绍了国内外单向交通设置的基本情况,论述了设置单向交通的基本原理;其次,从宏观角度对单向交通这种交通管制方式的设置条件、设置模式以及设置的重要意义进行了概括和总结;最后,针对我国混合交通的特性,阐述了单向交通与公共交通及自行车交通的关系。     

多车道高速公路分流交织区交通流特性与交通组织策略

为了解决多车道高速公路分流交织区由于车道数增加、交通流量增加、标志设置不合理等原因存在的诸多安全问题,在分析多车道高速公路分流交织区存在的问题和总结现有多车道高速公路断面形式(整体式断面、客货分离式断面、主辅分离式断面)的基础上,提出多车道高速公路分流交织区的交通组织形式及其优缺点.总结了多位学者对多车道高速公路分流交...     

基于交通因子状态网络的城市交叉口交通流预测

信息技术的快速发展,为交通研究和城市交通管理提供了大规模、多样化的数据资源,并为城市交通状态估计和交通流预测方法的研究提供了有力支持.将城市交叉口视为一个微观交通系统,采用数据驱动与领域知识结合的方式,建立微观层次的交通因子状态网络模型(Traffic Factor State Network,TFSN),考察交通因素...     

采用"预测法"防范卡车客车交通事故

1.卡车、客车行车时,不但要注意前方、左边和右边的车辆,而且要注意后方的车辆.只有这样,当后方的汽车突然加速超越自己车时,才不会产生惶恐心理.     

佛山市交通规划中的交通分配预测

专适于城市道路网络的交通均衡分配模型(stochastic user equilibrium，SUE)考虑了城市道路网中交叉口处的分流向延误，更接近于城市道路网络的实际交通情况，优于常规的交通分配模型。将根据SUE模型编制的分配程序TRANS应用于佛山市交通规划中的交通分配预测中，得到了更加真实可靠的分配结果．验证了该模型和程序的可靠性和实用性。