Nonlinear Robust Control of Torque Converter Clutch Slip System for Passenger Vehicles Using Advanced Torque Estimation Algorithms

In this paper, a torque-estimation-based robust controller for passenger car torque converter clutch slip system is presented. The proposed robust controller uses only the measurements available from inexpensive sensors that are installed in current passenger vehicles for torque estimation and feedback control. A conventional full state observer along with a neural-network-based open-loop hydraulic actuator observer is designed to estimate the unknown driving load, and a neural-network-based turbine torque estimator considering the temperature of oil circulating the torque converter is developed for improved turbine torque estimation accuracy. The stability of the internal dynamics is also investigated, and the performance and robustness of the robust controller is validated by simulation studies.     

Performance estimation model of a torque converter part I: Correlation between the internal flow field and energy loss coefficient

The objective of this paper is to improve the performance estimation model of the internal flow field of a torque converter. Compared with performance experiment results, the converter based on the one-dimensional model does not satisfy the performance requirements demanded in practice. Therefore, we need to develop more predictable and reliable performance estimation models. In order to obtain shape information on three-dimensional blade geometry, a process of reverse engineering conducts a torque converter assembly, impeller, turbine and stator. In addition, a CFD simulation including mesh generation and post-processing was carried out to extract equivalent parameters from the internal flow field. The internal flow field can be explained by analyze the correlation between a performance estimation model and CFD analysis. The equivalent performance model adopts the variation of energy loss coefficients for a given operating condition according to the application of a changing energy loss coefficient by the least mean squares method. The estimated equivalent model improves the agreement in performance between experiments and the theoretical model. This model can reduce the error to within about 3 percent. Furthermore, this procedure for predicted performance achieves eminence in the estimation of the capacity factor.     

液力变矩器计算机辅助设计与制造

本文简述了液力变矩器设计与制造的研究和发展，以及计算机在液力变矩器设计与制造行业的应用，指出了存在的问题；建立了液力变矩器计算机辅助设计与制造的一体化系统；实现了液力变矩器性能预估、叶形判断与叶栅系统入，出口参数计算的有机统一。     

液力变矩器膨胀变形试验研究

液力变矩器在工作载荷下，同时受到油压的面力和旋转所产生的离心力作用而发生变形。其变形的大小将直接影响到液力变矩器的性能和在工作中与相邻零部件间的位置关系。通过设计和开发液力变矩器膨胀试验机的动态自动测试系统和试验装置，对液力变矩器的轴向位移进行了试验研究。得到液力变矩器在加压情况下膨胀变形大于在加速情况下的变形，且在加压情况下变形与腔内油压呈线性关系。     

具有双离合器的液力变矩器的结构设计

将液力变矩器与机械式自动变速器合理匹配可组成一种新型自动变速系统，其性能接近自动变速器，但成本降低。为该系统设计了具有双离合器(闭锁离合器，换档离合器)的液力变矩器。阐述了该液力变矩器的结构、工作原理及特点。试验结果表明，所设计液力变矩器可支持新型自动变速系统成为现实。     

基于W305液力变矩器的系列化设计

以W305液力变矩器为基型,通过试验研究和统计资料,确定了液力变矩器的系列化型谱;利用CFD数值分析软件对W305变矩器内部流场进行分析计算,基于计算结果进行W305液力变矩器的系列化设计;对于有效直径不同的液力变矩器,介绍了与基型变矩器相似设计的方法。     

液力变矩器焊接的数值模拟和质量控制

对液力变矩器的制造精和质量要求很高，焊后必须保证产品的尺寸精度，并要进行疲 试验以考虑焊缝的强度。通过分析计算，可以预测各种条件对焊接变形的影响；发现疲劳承载时的最危险断面在不在焊缝处，而是在上盖板的弯角处。     

Damping Performance of Power Transmission System with Hydraulic Torque Converter

In this work three first-order nonlinear, nonstationary differential equations describing a hydraulic torque converter in a power transmission system are used.

A linear model is obtained on the basis of these equations. This model is verified both theoretically and by an experimental test. On the basis of the calculations the torsional damping was determined. This permitted the damping performance of a power transmission system with a hydraulic torque converter to be defined and established.     

液力变矩器叶片设计的准三维理论与方法

本文推导了适合于液力变矩器叶片设计的S_1流面改进流线曲率法计算方程,提出了流场判别准则和环量分配原则。在此基础上,提出了用多个S_1流面积叠进行变矩器叶片设计的准三维方法,以及在传统的叶片设计方法中加入流场计算环节的叶片设计新途径。并把利用本文提出的设计方法和利用传统的设计方法所设计出来的YB300变矩器进行了特性试验对比,结果表明:新提出的设计方法与传统方法所设计出的变矩器相比,最高效率提高了1.80%,而其它性能基本相同。     

Damping Performance of Power Transmission System with Hydraulic Torque Converter

Abstract

In this work three first-order nonlinear, nonstationary differential equations describing a hydraulic torque converter in a power transmission system are used.

A linear model is obtained on the basis of these equations. This model is verified both theoretically and by an experimental test. On the basis of the calculations the torsional damping was determined. This permitted the damping performance of a power transmission system with a hydraulic torque converter to be defined and established.     

国外车辆液力传动研究现状及其展望

本文综合了国外近几年来车辆液力传动研究的进展和研究水平的现状，内容包括求解液力变矩器内部三维，粘性，湍流，不稳定流动的数值模拟，采用先进流动测量技术的流场测试，以及将液力传动元件为车辆传动系的子系统所进行的动态特性辨识。     

液力变矩器流场计算的压力修正法

本文通过建立流体流动通用方程的有限差分方程,使用交错网格和非正交适休坐标,采用速度—压力耦合的压力修正法求解液力变矩器内三维粘性流动,并将计算结果进行了验证。     

Capacity estimation of torque converters with piston holes using the response surface method and an artificial neural network

In new slim torque converters, lock-up clutches are used to provide high fuel efficiency at low speed. However, the slimness of the converters causes difficulty in heat dissipation, which may damage the friction material and shorten its life span. A cooling hole in the lock-up piston reduces the heat but also reduces the torque because oil flows through the hole due to the pressure difference between the two faces of the piston. In the early stages of the development of this type of torque converter, designers must consider the minimum flow rate required to cool the friction material and the minimum torque capacity required to transmit the engine torque. This research explored two methods of estimating these parameters. In the first method, an estimation equation was derived by combining the response surface method with physical properties such as the centrifugal force, a sudden expansion, a sudden contraction, and the steady flow energy equation. The second method involved the use of an artificial neural network. The feasibility of the estimates based on statistics and on the artificial neural network were confirmed in the design stage by comparing experimental and estimated data. An estimation program was created using the C#.Net language and has been used for actual torque converter designs by the Korea Powertrain Company.     

液力变矩器流场研究的方法和进展

本文综述了近年来的液力变矩器内流场研究领域开展的工作，对所使用的理论计算方法、实验方法进行了分类、介绍和评价。提出了变矩器流场计算的评判准则。并给出了使用一种新的计算方法－流面迭代法计算变矩器流场三维流动的实例。     

SPFB3—323外分流液力机械变矩器的设计与研制

本文对外分流液力机械变矩器的多种方案作了分析,确定FB_2-323变矩器为原型变矩器。同时,计及行星传动中能量损失,进行了SPFB_2-323变矩器的特性计算,并且成功地研制出这种新型变矩器的样品。     

基于Simulink/Cruise的6AT液力变矩器闭锁性能联合仿真

根据液力变矩器的工作原理及闭锁条件,制定液力变矩器控制策略。利用Simulink建立液力变矩器控制模型,并利用Cruise和Simulink进行联合仿真,验证控制策略的可行性。仿真结果表明,液力变矩器控制模型正确,闭锁离合器能够准确按照闭锁条件闭锁,并且可以显著改善车辆的燃油经济性和排放性能。本文的研究可以为液力变矩器的闭锁研究提供一定的理论依据。     

Torque control of engine clutch to improve the driving quality of hybrid electric vehicles

As a powertrain for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), the automatic transmission (AT) is not only convenient for the driver but also reduces hybridization costs because the existing production line is used to produce the AT. However, it has low fuel economy due to the torque converter. To overcome this disadvantage, this paper studies HEVs equipped an AT without a torque converter. In this case, additional torque control is needed to prevent the driving quality from deteriorating. This paper suggests three different torque control methods and develops a simulator for an HEV that can simulate the dynamic behaviors of the HEV when the engine clutch is engaged. The HEV drive train is modeled with AMESim, and a controller model is developed with MATLAB/Simulink. A co-simulation environment is established. By using the developed HEV simulator, simulations are conducted to analyze the dynamic behaviors of the HEV according to the control methods.     

液力变矩器泵轮流场数值分析

应用计算流体动力学(CFD)方法，采用非结构网格和稳态交互面技术，模拟了液力变矩器三维内流场，并与试验相对照，验证了数值模拟的正确性。分析了泵轮进口、中弦面、出口面速度场和压力场，以及泵轮流道流场形态及流场形成的机理。     

Development of a high torque capacity belt-drive CVT with a torque converter

A new belt-drive continuously variable transmission (CVT) has been developed and installed in a 2-liter class vehicle for the first time in the world. This paper describes the technical features of this high torque capacity transmission, the need for a torque converter, the importance of electronic control and the driving modes achieved. This new CVT provides better driving performance and fuel economy than current CVTs and 4-speed automatic transmissions.     

液力变矩器流场计算的有限元法

本文以两类相对流面模型为基础，发展了变矩器内部流场计算的液体有限元法。文中推求了流面上的流函数方程，进行了有限元分析，并计算了部分实例。