乘用车发动机结构与参数特征

通过对世界上现有产品进行统计分析,阐述了车长与发动机排量、发动机缸径尺寸与排量、发动机缸径尺寸与发动机结构形式、发动机行程与缸径、发动机压缩比和发动机排量的统计关系。简述了凸轮轴与气门的布置特征。指出,对于任何结构型式的发动机,采用双顶置凸轮轴的布置特征占绝对优势;多点气道喷射发动机是现在市场车型的主流,但直喷加增压是技术发展方向。概述了发动机的性能特征及目前水平。     

汽车发动机性能指标的优选方法

本文提出了一种优选汽车发动机性能指标的方法，即在给定汽车底盘参数，整车性能和汽车车行驶条件下，应用本文提出的方法可以优选汽车发动机最大功率及其相应转速，最大扭矩及其相应转速和发动机排量，这为汽车设计或改进设计时发动机的选型提供依据。     

富氧燃烧发动机缸内过程试验研究

提出汽油发动机富氧燃烧技术,在单缸化油器式汽油机上进行富氧燃烧试验。利用燃烧分析仪对相同负荷状态下不同氧气浓度富氧燃烧时发动机的燃烧特性进行分析。当进入气缸助燃的空气中氧气浓度增加到24%时,气缸的最大压力升高15%,最大压力发生时刻提前,燃油放热增加,开始放热时刻提前,燃烧过程的循环变动量降低,燃烧稳定性提高。同时利用尾气分析仪对怠速状态下不同氧气浓度富氧燃烧发动机的尾气进行监测,检查发动机排放的变化。试验结果表明,富氧燃烧发动机尾气中HC和CO浓度大大降低,NOX浓度升高。     

C 498发动机结构性能分析及改进

C498系列发动机是引进美国克莱斯勒公司具有80年代水平的产品。目前与国内先进机型相比存在一定的差距。采用先进技术进行改造,以缩小差距。具体做法:一是充分利用惯性效应,提高发动机充气效率;二是合理调整配气相位,改善发动机中低速扭矩特性;三是提高压缩比,加装爆震传感器,以提高发动机总体性能指标;四是增大冲程与发动机排量,提高发动机性能。     

某型号发动机曲轴偏置分析

现代发动机主要是将多种先进技术进行有效结合,以便使发动机实现高性能输出,达到降低燃油消耗的目的。为了降低发动机的摩擦功和油耗,文章介绍了发动机曲轴偏置技术,并通过对偏心曲柄连杆机构的运动学分析,得出曲轴偏置对活塞行程、曲轴转角、活塞位移、速度、加速度、侧向力及摩擦平均有效压力的影响。通过与零偏置曲轴的对比分析,可以看出：曲轴偏置技术是改善发动机摩擦和油耗的有效措施。     

Vibration Control of a Passenger Vehicle Utilizing a Semi-Active ER Engine Mount

This paper presents vibration control of a passenger vehicle using an electronically controllable electro-rheological (ER) engine mount. A mixed-mode ER engine mount operating under the flow and shear modes is devised and manufactured. After establishing the dynamic model of the proposed ER engine mount, both field-dependent displacement transmissibility and dynamic stiffness of the ER engine mount are empirically evaluated. The ER engine mount is then incorporated with a full-vehicle model in order to investigate vibration control performance at the driver's seat position. The governing equation of motion of the full-vehicle model is formulated by considering engine excitation force, followed by designing a skyhook controller to attenuate unwanted vibration. The controller is implemented through a hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS), and control responses such as acceleration level at idle speed are evaluated in the frequency and time domains.     

Vibration Control of a Passenger Vehicle Utilizing a Semi-Active ER Engine Mount

This paper presents vibration control of a passenger vehicle using an electronically controllable electro-rheological (ER) engine mount. A mixed-mode ER engine mount operating under the flow and shear modes is devised and manufactured. After establishing the dynamic model of the proposed ER engine mount, both field-dependent displacement transmissibility and dynamic stiffness of the ER engine mount are empirically evaluated. The ER engine mount is then incorporated with a full-vehicle model in order to investigate vibration control performance at the driver's seat position. The governing equation of motion of the full-vehicle model is formulated by considering engine excitation force, followed by designing a skyhook controller to attenuate unwanted vibration. The controller is implemented through a hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS), and control responses such as acceleration level at idle speed are evaluated in the frequency and time domains.     

电喷摩托车是否选用怠速控制阀的研究

摩托车电喷系统采用的怠速控制阀,在摩托车起动性能、暖机性能、怠速性能和起步性能等方面发辉的作用十分明显,特别是对寒冷地方的用户,有无怠速控制阀或将成为购车的一个主要考虑要素。摩托车企业应根据摩托车的排量和售价,综合考虑是否采用怠速控制阀,对于排量较大、定位较高、销售目标区域在寒冷地区或出口的摩托车,应慎重考虑是否取消怠速控制阀,并需要做大量的试验来验证取消后对整车性能是否有影响及影响的大小,不能一并取之而后快。     

Modeling and simulation of a dual-mode electrohydraulic fully variable valve train for four-stroke engines

In modern four-stroke automotive engine technology, variable valve timing and lift control offer potential benefits for making a high-performance engine. In this paper, a novel design named dual-mode electrohydraulic fully variable valve train (EHFVVT) for both engine intake and exhaust valves is introduced. The system is mainly controlled by either proportional flow control valves or proportional pressure relief valves, and hence two different families of valve displacement patterns can be achieved. The construction of the mathematical model of the valve train system and its dynamic analysis are also presented in this paper. Experimental and simulation results show that the dual-mode electrohydraulic variable valve train can achieve fully variable valve timing and lift control, and has the potential to eliminate the traditional throttle valve in the gasoline engines. With the proposed system, the engine performance at various speeds and loads will be significantly improved.     

基于转速感应的液压旋挖钻机功率匹配模糊控制

基于液压旋挖钻机负荷多变条件下的节能降耗要求,提出转速感应控制的负荷极限控制匹配方法。利用负荷变化引起的转速偏差的检测反馈,调节变量泵的排量,改变泵的吸收扭矩,控制发动机输出转速工作在能耗较低的转速范围,实现发动机与变量泵间的功率匹配;通过模糊自适应在线自整定调节PID参数,优化变量泵在不同工况下的变量调节性能,提高系统对负荷变化的适应性,实现发动机-变量泵系统的最佳效率匹配。经过在液压旋挖钻机平台上的试验论证,该方法达到了优化的目的,功率匹配效果显著。     

国内车用催化转化器模拟研究进展

简述了近年来国内催化转化器数值模拟的研究进展,列举了催化转化器常见的几种性能评价指标,包括催化转化器内的流场速度分布、压力损失、温度场和起燃特性等;分析了各自的影响因素,如催化转化器结构、载体结构和发动机排量等;阐明了催化转化器进一步研究的方向。     

Mean Value WGT Diesel Engine Calibration Model for Effective Simulation Research

Recently, to improve vehicle fuel economy, as well as the performance of internal combustion engines, optimized system matching between a vehicle’s drivetrain and engine has become a very important technical issue. For this reason, the need for simulation research on engine and vehicle performance improvement has increased. But in general, since both engine simulation and vehicle simulation require initial engine calibration map input, a simple engine calibration method is required for the efficient configuration of various virtual engine calibration map setups. On this background, in this study, an example of waste gate turbocharger (WGT) cooled — exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) Diesel engine calibration using a test-based mean value engine model is presented as a suitable engine calibration map setting method. Also, the feasibility of an engine calibration model is confirmed through various engine tests. Using the simple model presented here, it is possible for diverse engine operating conditions and engine performance maps to be acquired.     

小排量汽油机缸孔变形分析

降低小排量汽油机的机油耗,提升其经济性和排放性能是目前发动机设计的重要任务,文章从研究缸孔变形规律的角度出发,建立了小排量汽油机缸孔变形的整体接触模型,在基于缸垫非线性属性的基础上,分析缸孔在名义螺检预紧力作用下的缸孔变形量。结果表明,对于4缸小排量汽油机,第2缸和3缸的变形情况相似,第4缸的变形最大。采用有限元的计算方法,可以完整而准确的获得缸孔变形的全面信息,为结构的优化提供可靠的依据,     

Development of an electric scooter for practical use

The new electric scooter which has been developed by Honda complies with the Japanese regulation for motorcycles with a maximum displacement of 50 cm³ or with limited rated power of 0.6 kW. The acceleration from 0 to 200 m in 17.3 s is similar to that of a scooter with a gasoline engine in the same category, and the travel distance of 35 km per charge in the urban area driving mode is sufficient for practical use. This performance was achieved by adopting a high performance NiCd battery, DC brushless motor, belt torque converter, low rolling resistance tire, etc., while pursuing the optimum combination of these components. The cycle life of the battery has exceeded 300, which corresponds to the estimated life-time traveling distance of a conventional scooter.     

Semi-active engine mount design using auxiliary magneto-rheological fluid compliance chamber

Engine mounts are used in the automotive industry to isolate engine and chassis by reducing the noise and vibration imposed from one to the other. This paper describes modelling, simulation and design of a semi-active engine mount that is designed specifically to address the complicated vibration pattern of variable displacement engines (VDE). The ideal isolation for VDE requires the stiffness to be switchable upon cylinder activation/deactivation operating modes. In order to have a modular design, the same hydraulic engine mount components are maintained and a novel auxiliary magneto-rheological (MR) fluid chamber is developed and retrofitted inside the pumping chamber. The new compliance chamber is a controllable pressure regulator, which can effectively alter the dynamic performance of the mount. Switching between different modes happens by turning the electrical current to the MR chamber magnetic coil on and off. A model has been developed for the passive hydraulic mount and then it is extended to include the MR auxiliary chamber as well. A proof-of-concept prototype of the design has been fabricated which validates the mathematical model. The results demonstrate unique capability of the developed semi-active mount to be used for VDE application.     

外部激励对发动机外平衡影响的道路试验研究

为探求车辆行驶时外部激励对发动机外平衡的影响,结合车辆行驶时发动机工作特点,以发动机横、纵中心截面相对振动位移作为评价指标,以路况、挡位和车速作为考察参数,在2种差异较大的路况上进行了2挡和3挡多车速道路试验.并根据DoE方差分析法对试验结果进行定量分析.分析结果表明,发动机外平衡受车速和路况影响较大,受挡位影响较小;各参数的交互作用对纵向外平衡影响显著,对横向外平衡影响不显著.     

进气门关闭状态下喷油时刻对汽油机性能的影响

为了改善进气道喷射式发动机性能,采用台架试验和数值计算的方法对喷油时刻与进气道喷射式汽油机性能之间的关系进行了研究。研究结果表明：在进气门关闭状态下进行燃油喷射,发动机运行工况不同,喷油时刻对发动机性能的影响规律不同,小节气门开度时推迟喷油时刻会导致 HC 排放升高和发动机动力性下降,大节气门开度时喷油时刻的改变对发动机性能的影响可以忽略。通过数值计算分析发现该变化规律与附壁油膜挥发速率有直接关系,在小节气门开度条件下,附壁油膜无法完全挥发,会增加燃油以液态形式进入气缸的量,从而使发动机性能下降,而处于大节气门条件下,较高的机体温度使得附壁油膜挥发速率加快,降低液态燃油的量,从而改善发动机性能。因此,进气道喷射发动机可以在小节气门开度时采用两次燃油喷射方式提升发动机性能,而在大节气门开度下则无需考虑喷油时刻的影响。     

发动机振动信号不对称现象分析

某柴油机振动信号出现不对称现象,其最大值与最小值差异较大。该信号的频谱特性表明:在0-100 Hz频段内,存在发动机转速的2阶、4阶、6阶分量,其中2、4阶分量之间存在某种微妙的相位关系,导致其在时域叠加后出现不对称现象。本文进一步研究了2阶、4阶分量在800~3 000 r/min整个转速范围内的振动位移,发现低转速时比高转速时大87.5%以上。根据发动机力学模型认为这是由发动机倾覆力矩引起的,指明了改进方向,为该发动机的改进方案提供了检验依据。     

基于Modelica语言的面向对象的发动机建模与仿真

采用面向对象的建模方法,根据独立性原则和物理划分原则对实际的发动机系统进行了模块化划分,采用物理系统建模语言Modelica建立了发动机部件模型库。通过连接模型库中的部件,建立了单缸发动机模型;然后,根据发火间隔和顺序,建立了某4缸汽油机模型,并进行了发动机性能仿真。     

整车排气系统匹配研讨

发动机被公认为汽车的心脏,随着法规及人类环境意识的增强,针对发动机排放提出的要求也越来越高。排气系统对降低排气损失、保证发动机良好的性能、合理控制及减少污染物排放、发动机排气噪声控制都起到了关键性作用。因此排气系统匹配对整车来说至关重要,本文研讨了整车排气系统的基本匹配方法,为以后其它产品的开发提供了参考。