Introduction of the Australian Chamber of Shipping

HISTORY The Australian Chamber of Shipping Ltd (the 'Chamber') was established in 1964 and remains actively involved domestically and internationally in the sea freight and passenger transport industry. It has extensive relationships with various bodies, both worldwide and nationally.     

On the nature and sorces of controversy in the economic analysis of the liner shipping industry†

The simulations performed show that demand for quality tankers has to increase by 30% for a two-tier tanker market to emerge. The two-tier freight structure will only last for 3–5 years due to contracting induced by higher freight rates. This means that OPA does not by itself result in higher freight rates for tankers that comply with the requirements. If Western Europe also closes their trades to substandard tankers, a two-tier market emerges and quality tankers obtain a premium. The paper presents a simulation model for international tanker markets. The non-linear complementary equilibrium model solves for a sequence of static equilibria in segmented tanker freight markets, shipbuilding and scrapping markets. Freight markets are segmented according to quality requirements for tankers. The model specifies three tanker classes and one—quality tankers—can operate both market segments.     

Application of the Grey topological method to predict the effects of ship pitching

Ship motion,with six degrees of freedom,is a complex stochastic process.Sea wind and waves are the primary influencing factors.Prediction of ship motion is significant for ship navigation.To eliminate errors,a path prediction model incorporating ship pitching was developed using the Gray topological method,after analyzing ship pitching motions.With the help of simple introduction to Gray system theory,we selected a group of threshold values.Based on an analysis of ship pitch angle sequences over 40 second intervals,a Grey metabolism GM(1,1) model was established according to the time-series which every threshold corresponded to.Forecasting future ship motion with the GM(1,1) model allowed drawing of the forecast curve with effective forecasting points.The precision of the test results show that the model is accurate,and the forecast results are reliable.     

Fatigue analysis of the bow structure of FPSO

The bow structure of FPSO moored by the single mooting system is rather complicated. There are many potential hot spots in connection parts of structures between the mooting support frame and the forecastle. Mooting forces, which are induced by wave excitation and transferred by the YOKE and the mooting support frame, may cause fatigue damage to the bow structure. Different from direct wave-induced-forces, the mooting force consists of wave frequency force (WF) and 2nd draft low frequency force (LF) , which are represented by two sets of short-term distribution respectively. Based on two sets of short-term distribution of mooting forces obtained by the model test, the fatigue damage of the bow structure of FPSO is analyzed, with emphasis on two points. One is the procedure and position selection for fatigue check, and the other is the application of new formulae for the calculation of accumulative fatigue damage caused by two sets of short-term distribution of hot spot stress range. From the results distinguished features of fatigue damage to the FPSOs bow structure can be observed.     

Build the First Largest Bridge of China and Create a Constructionof Fine Quality of the Century——A brief account of theconstruction of the infrastructure of the main bridge of Jiangyin Yangtze River Highway Bridgc

国家主席江泽民题写桥名并出席通车仪式的“江阴大桥”是主跨为1 385m，一跨过长江，中国第一、世界第四的钢悬索特大公路桥。本文综述了中港二航局在承建大桥下部结构(A标、B标)的施工中，根据工程规模大、合同期短、技术含量高、地质条件复杂、施工难度大等特点，运用系统工程原理，健全质量保证体系，坚持技术领先，优化要素配置，精心雕塑中国第一大桥，取得单位工程质量评比全优的佳绩。     

Why is the southwest the most productive region of the East Sea/Sea of Japan?

The East Sea/Sea of Japan is a moderately productive sea that supports a wealth of living marine resources. Of the East Sea subregions, the southwest has the highest productivity. Various authors have proposed coastal upwelling, the Tsushima Current, the Changjiang Dilute Water, eddies, or discharge from the Nagdong River as potential sources of additional nutrients. In this paper, we propose, using satellite data from 1998 to 2006, that the biological productivity of the southwestern region is enhanced mainly by wind-driven upwelling along the Korean coast. Firstly, the climatology of seasonal patterns suggests that the enhanced chlorophyll a along the Korean coast is of local origin. Secondly, coastal upwelling is frequent in all seasons except winter. For example, along the coast of the Ulgi region, enhanced chlorophyll a due to coastal upwelling was observed for 25–92% of the time between Jun and Sep in the period 1998–2006. Thirdly, the advection of upwelled water through various pathways to the deeper basin was observed. Fourthly, there appeared to be a strong correlation between the interannual chlorophyll a variations of the coastal upwelling regions and the Ulleung Basin. The chlorophyll a patterns of both regions were closely related to the wind pattern in the upwelling regions, but not to that in the Ulleung Basin. Finally, changes in advection pathways also appeared to affect the productivity of the Ulleung Basin. Since 2004, there has been a shift in the pathways of upwelled water, and consequent increases in chlorophyll a in the Ulleung Basin were observed. This last observation requires further investigation.     

China will speed up the convertibility of the RMB

The Renminbi (RMB) circulation inneighboring countries and regionsis preparing the ground for its future goal ofbecoming a currency that can be exchangedfreely on the international market, an officialwith the central bank told the Beijing-basedOutlook news magazine recently.     

China mill speed up the conuertibility of the RMB

The Renminbi (RMB) circulation in neighboring countries and regions is preparing the ground for its future goal of becoming a currency that can be exchanged freely on the international market, an official with the central bank told the Beijing-based Outlook news magazine recently. The RMB, which is now being accepted     

Reliability analysis of fatigue life of the connectors—the US Mobile Offshore Base

Reliability-based design analysis of the fatigue life of the connectors of the five sections of the 2-km long US Mobile Offshore Base (MOB) is demonstrated. A performance function is defined in terms of the nominal stress range, inherent defect or starter crack, and appropriate material properties, which are considered random variables. The reliability analysis is performed for a sea state 1–8 (SS1–8) random loading having a Gumbel distribution. Where possible, uncertainty data for random variables are obtained from published data relating to the fatigue of metal and metal alloys. Otherwise, judgmental coefficients of variation are prescribed for purposes of demonstration. The fatigue life is assumed to follow the Weibull distribution. The reliability function is defined in terms of the mean life and the total uncertainty in the fatigue life. Preliminary reliability calculations suggest that current design stress levels be reduced to meet the current fatigue life target reliability level for the MOB connectors. An illustrative design is demonstrated and the metal selected for a fatigue design of the connectors for 10 million cycles with a reliability of 0.99 at a nominal stress of 203 MPa is HY-130 steel.     

Future of the Energy in Asia

I have been in oil and gas business, orthe evergy business in Japan for almost40 years at Mitsubishi Corporation. I hope myfew words will be a useful contribution totoday‘s agenda“Energy Security in Asia“and“Energy and Environment“.     

Numerical simulation of the anti-shock performance of a gear case

Both sea battles and testing of ship in underwater explosions reveal unacceptably poor anti-shock performance of important shipboard equipment. Anti-shock performance of shipboard equipment is a significant factor determining fighting strength and survivability. The anti-shock performance of a shipboard gear case based on BV043/85 was investigated using numerical simulation. A geometric model of the gear case was built using MDT software and meshed in HyperMesh software, and then the finite element model of the gear case was formed. Using ABAQUS software, the anti-shock performance of the gear case was simulated. First, shock response of typical regions of gear case was determined. Next, some generalizations were made about the anti-shock performance of the gear case by analyzing the Mises stress of typical regions varied with shock inputs. Third, weak regions were determined from simulation results. The threshold values of shock resistance of the gear case at different impulse widths were obtained through interpolating the numerical simulation results selected from the most dangerous spot. This research provides a basis for further optimization of the design of gear cases.     

Effects of the ‘Belt and Road’ initiative on the wine import logistics of China

China’s Belt and Road (BR) initiative is expected to facilitate international trade between the countries involved. In this study, we review the special requirements of wine logistics and the market growth potential of wine consumption in China. A model minimizing generalized logistical costs is developed and applied to wine imports in China, so that the best candidate cities in which to locate transport gateways and distribution centers can be identified. Our analysis suggests that the most preferred gateways are Shanghai, Tianjin, Guangzhou, and Hong Kong, which all have similar delivery costs. In comparison, Beijing and Chongqing have much higher delivery costs, mainly because they do not have good access to marine transport and/or efficient domestic distribution networks. For long-distance intercontinental transport of large volumes of wine, marine shipping remains the only viable delivery mode. However, wine distribution within China extensively uses air, road, and water transport. Therefore, cities with excellent multi-modal transport services are better positioned to become wine logistics gateways. Our study also highlights the importance of value-added services and good government support, which are important factors that influence distribution costs and quality.     

Chinese shipbuilding industry is climbing up the summit of the world

Market share:the base for Chineseshipbuilding to get onto the topAs stated in the Programme,by2015,China's shipbuilding proportion in the glo-bal shipbuilding volume will increase to40%from the current18%,overtakingJapan;By2020,China will exceed Koreaand …     

Introduction to the Port City of Seattle

Seattle Located on a neck of land between the Elliott Bay (the Puget Sound) and Lake Washington, Seattle is a major city of Washington State and the largest metropolis of the Pacific Northwest in the USA. It is a port of entry and gateway to Asia and Alaska. The city has an area of 84 square miles and a population of about 516,000 (1992), with a density of 10,879 per Square mile.     

Discussion on the parameters of design waves

In order to respond the discredit on the design wave standard and to recommend new consideration on design wave parameters,based on the long-term distribution of statistic characteristics of waves and the short-term probability properties of sea state defined by giving the return period,the calculation of the return period,the height,the period,and the oceanic wave parameters of the design wave and the forecasting methods are discussed in this paper.To provide references for the operation reliability of floating structures in the extreme sea state,the method of determining the design wave parameters is resurveyed.A proposal is recommended that the design wave,which can be either significant wave with 500-year of the return period,or the maximum wave with 1/N of exceeding probability,100-year of the return period,can be applied in the engineering design practice.     

Celebrating the 40th Anniversary of COSCO

It has been more than two decades since the Port of Seattle welcomed to our harbor the first ship flying the flag of the Peoples Republic of China. Since that first visit from the Liulinhai, which came here for a shipment of American wheat, the Port of Seattle and COSCO have been strong business partners and good friends. COSCO's ships have carried much more than cargo over the past 22 years. COSCO ships, and COSCO employees, have helped build relationships as well as     

The status quo of RMB and the forecast of its future

A sensible currency policy is one of the most important ways a country controls its economy.     

Regulations for Inspection of Vessels Engaged in International Voyages Entering and/or Leaving the Ports of the People's Republic of China

Article 1 The present regulations are formulated for the purposes of strengthening the control over vessels engaged in international voyages entering and/or leaving the ports of the People's Republic of China, facilitating vessels entering and/or leaving the ports and of enhancing port efficiency.