湖区航道维护性疏浚的环保技术措施

根据环保疏浚工程的特点,从设备选型、施工控制、污染底泥处置、抛泥区选择等方面探讨了在湖区维护性疏浚中如何采取工程措施以减少对水生生态系统和其它周边环境的影响。     

单纯疏浚技术在长江上游卵石浅滩整治中的应用

过渡段浅滩具有顺直放宽的特点,因而汛期淤积,汛后虽有冲刷,但仍达不到水深要求,故需采取整治措施。浅碛子是长江上游枯水期典型的过渡段卵石浅滩之一,该滩整治时没有布置整治建筑物,而仅采用单纯疏浚的技术进行治理,通过对其整治效果进行分析,证明对该滩的治理是成功的、合理的。同时通过对水师坝、黑石碛浅滩整治效果的分析,认为对于长江上游山区河流中,某些碍航程度较轻的一般过渡段卵石浅滩也可通过单纯疏浚技术进行治理。     

BT模式在疏浚工程中的应用——唐山湾三岛旅游区内海疏浚吹填造陆项目

从BT项目的概念入手,介绍BT模式项目的运作过程,依托唐山湾三岛旅游区内海疏浚吹填造陆项目,就BT模式项目在疏浚工程应用中存在的风险及拟采取的应对措施进行分析,并对施工企业在疏浚工程中承接和运作BT项目提出建设性意见,从而让BT项目真正成为疏浚施工企业新的利润增长点,更好地提升企业的竞争力.     

土工管袋用于环保疏浚淤泥脱水固结的试验研究

利用小型土工管袋进行环保疏浚淤泥脱水固结试验,研究土工管袋的不同结构特征（织造方式、织造结构、等效孔径）和脱水药剂用量对环保疏浚淤泥脱水固结的影响。试验结果表明：脱水药剂阳离子聚丙烯酰胺（CPAM）在0．6～1．0g／ks投加量下配合0．5mm等效孔径机织斜纹土工管袋组合,在疏浚淤泥脱水固结方面表现较好,但脱水药剂具体最佳用量需在实际工程中根据不同工况做适当调整。     

天津港深水泊位移位疏浚工艺研究与应用

移位疏浚,是在货船驶离码头的短暂空闲时间内,迅速将泊位内侧海底淤浅泥沙移至泊位外侧;在码头靠泊货船条件下,将泊位外侧海底泥沙挖走,这是在不影响码头正常作业条件下,完成泊位水深维护疏浚任务的一种新工艺。     

循环经济在港口环境保护工作中的拓展

从"循环经济"理念的拓展入手,分析了港口项目环保工作中涉及"循环经济"的不同层次,提出了港口环境保护工作中"循环经济"的具体落实措施;结合"天津港吹填淤泥造陆实践"等实例,探讨了如何充分发展"循环经济"对港口环境保护工作的促进作用,并对"循环经济"与"港口环境保护"的结合点进行了初步研究。     

天津港深水亨白位移位疏浚工艺研究与应用

移位疏浚，是在货船驶离码头的短暂空闲时间内，迅速将泊位内侧海底淤浅泥沙移至泊位外侧；在码头靠泊货船条件下，将泊位外侧海底泥沙挖走，这是在不影响码头正常作业条件下，完成泊位水深维护疏浚任务的一种新工艺。     

试论港口工程环境保护管理规范体系的建立

文章总结国内港口工程环境保护管理现状与存在问题,探讨建立港口工程环境保护管理规范体系的意义和可依托的技术条件,对该规范体系的建立提出了初步的构想和需要解决的关键技术问题。     

港口环保竣工验收发现的主要问题及预防对策

通过调查国内14个代表性港口近20个国家级大、中型建设项目的环保竣工验收情况,对港口项目环保验收中存在的普遍性问题进行总结和分析。调查结果表明,各港口建设项目竣工环境保护执行情况总体良好,但也存在着包括施工期环境管理不到位、施工期环境监测计划落实不全面、营运期环保设施运行效果不佳等问题。存在问题的有效预防和解决途径应是建立施工期工程环境监理制度和环保备案制度,加大对建设单位的宣传教育,强化环保意识和守法意识,以及加强港口建设项目营运期环境保护监管力度等。     

环境监理在交通项目环境管理中的地位和作用

文章结合洋山深水港区工程项目环境监理工作实践,在介绍了国内工程项目环境监理产生背景的基础上,从交通项目引入环境监理的必要性出发,提出了环境监理概念和目标。同时在明确环境监理在交通项目施工期环境管理中的地位前提下,对环境监理的工作依据、工作方法、工作程序及主要工作内容进行了论述,阐述了环境监理在项目建设中的作用。通过对现阶段环境监理工作存在问题的总结,得出结论:交通项目环境监理是一项涉及面广、内容复杂、专业性强的新型监理业务,是实现工程建设项目经济效益、社会效益和环境效益统一的重要举措,环境监理在交通项目环境管理中具有重要的地位和作用。     

国外疏浚市场形势分析及近年工程简述

文章中简要介绍了当前国外疏浚市场的形势、承包商采取的环保措施以及近年来世界各地疏浚和吹填工程的概况。     

疏浚工程施工垄沟形成及控制

以湛江港30万t级航道疏浚工程为例,详细分析航道疏浚工程中施工垄沟形成过程,特别是大型耙吸船疏浚垄沟的形成过程,并探讨施工垄沟的形成原因以及可能对竣工验收产生的巨大风险。最后提出不同的解决办法及预防措施,以改进疏浚工程的质量通病。     

七里海湿地生物多样性现状及其保护对策

实地调查结果表明,七里海湿地生物资源丰富,其中鸟类184种,隶属于16目39科88属,包括国家I级保护鸟类3种,国家II级保护鸟类25种;兽类共有5目9科16属19种;两栖类动物1目3科5种;昆虫11目75科261种;鱼类10目18科64种;浮游动物11科15种;底栖动物12科29种。植物计有高等植物44科114属165种,以禾本科、菊科、豆科等为代表的草本植物占主要地位。由于受水环境污染和人工鱼塘养殖等多种因素影响,近年来七里海湿地的生态环境正在不断恶化。文章对七里海湿地的生物多样性现状进行了分析,提出了加强七里海湿地生态保护的建议和措施。     

Monitoring and modeling of coastal waters in support of environmental preservation

The improved monitoring and modeling capability resulting from recent technological advances in oceanographic sensors, computer processing power, and telecommunications can play a major role in environmental preservation. In particular, this capability can help improve: safe navigation and thus the prevention of maritime accidents that lead to hazardous spills; the effective cleanup of hazardous spills when they do occur; the real-time assessment of water quality problems; the assessment of long-term trends and variability due to both anthropogenic and climate change effects; and the understanding of key physical, chemical, and ecological processes. Presented at the International Conference on Technologies for Marine Environment Preservation (MARIENV’95), Tokyo, Japan, September 24–29, 1995     

The visual impact of development in coastal zone areas

Abstract

The focus of this paper is theoretical, as well as methodological. It reviews previous studies of visual impact and reports research by the author on people's evaluation of the appropriateness of different man‐made facilities in different coastal‐area contexts and other environments. In this study, subjects were asked to react to slides developed through the use of landscape models and experimental facilities to simulate the appearance of a building in the landscape, while systematically varying the visual relatedness between the two. Specific interest centered on the variable of congruity vs. contrast between the appearance of the building and its landscape context, manipulated by co‐varying the attributes of color and size to create a five‐point scale of contrast/obtrusiveness. The hypothesis was that judgments of appropriateness, and to a lesser extent judgments of liking, would vary inversely with level of contrast. The role of two further variables, the functional significance of the building in its setting, and the character of the setting itself, was also investigated. The author reviews methodological issues involved where subjects respond to visual stimuli for purposes of judging change in visual quality. These methodological issues include: stimulus‐selection and problems of simulation, choice of response measures, and choice of respondents, and the treatment of individual differences. The author calls for development of standardized scales and indices such as “perceptually‐relevant environmental quality indicators.”     

上海黄浦江陆家嘴区段的高滩疏浚清理工程

通过对上海黄浦江陆家嘴区段浅滩形成原因的分析,介绍了对其治理工程及治理工程与环境保护、美化环境的关系。     

The environmental costs and economic implications of container shipping on the Northern Sea Route

The Northern Sea Route (NSR) has tremendous potential for ocean shipping between Europe and Asia due to the savings from shorter transit time and distance. However, the Arctic area is environmentally vulnerable and thus there is a trade-off between NSR’s impacts on environment vs. its economic benefits, especially when compared with the traditional route, such as through the Suez Canal Route (SCR). This study estimates the market shares of different transport modes and alternative shipping routes for the container transport market between Europe and Asia, and the resulting environmental costs. Our result suggests that NSR can be a viable option under the status quo. However, its environmental costs tend to be higher than SCR due to small ship size and low load factor in the present, thus the development of NSR would lead to worse environment outcomes. If these issues can be resolved, NSR can benefit from lower operational and environmental costs, which will lead to higher market share and social welfare. Otherwise, increased use of NSR may lead to higher total environment costs than the status quo.     

Establishment of a Dredged Material Disposal Site in the Exclusive Economic Zone: New Zealand

Disposal options for muddy dredged material, especially if lightly contaminated, is an issue facing many countries, particularly if environmental protection and adherence to the Protocols of the London Dumping Convention is a regulatory requirement. For the case of the oceanic islands of New Zealand, disposal of muddy dredged material has become an issue for the prime city of Auckland. Accordingly, it has been necessary to investigate a suitable marine disposal site outside of the territorial seas in the exclusive economic zone (EEZ). Ideal properties for such a disposal site include a near flat surface on the continental shelf, with sediments of similar textural characteristics to the material being disposed, a site of non-critical benthic ecology, water depths sufficient to enable the disposal site to be monitored (as required under the London Dumping Convention), a site experiencing low shelf currents, not affected by significant wave agitation, and a site not of cultural significance. The approach for site establishment and gaining consent for disposal activities is reviewed. Preliminary investigations supporting a proposed site on the continental shelf in the EEZ are presented.     

Vulnerability of Port and Harbor Communities to Earthquake and Tsunami Hazards: The Use of GIS in Community Hazard Planning

Earthquakes and tsunamis pose significant threats to Pacific Northwest coastal port and harbor communities. Developing holistic mitigation and preparedness strategies to reduce the potential for loss of life and property damage requires community-wide vulnerability assessments that transcend traditional site-specific analyses. The ability of a geographic information system (GIS) to integrate natural, socioeconomic, and hazards information makes it an ideal assessment tool to support community hazard planning efforts. This article summarizes how GIS was used to assess the vulnerability of an Oregon port and harbor community to earthquake and tsunami hazards, as part of a larger risk-reduction planning initiative. The primary purposes of the GIS were to highlight community vulnerability issues and to identify areas that both are susceptible to hazards and contain valued port and harbor community resources. Results of the GIS analyses can help decision makers with limited mitigation resources set priorities for increasing community resiliency to natural hazards.     

车机联控在港口铁路运输生产中的应用

为加强港口铁路行车安全,宁波港铁路有限公司在铁路运输中实施了车机联控的办法。详细阐述了车机联控在运输生产中的重要性,从5个方面介绍了如何在运输生产中实施车机联控。实施车机联控后,列车运行安全得到了有效保障。