Sewering the coast: Bane or blessing to marine water quality

Abstract

local wastewater management policies can be important tools for protecting marine water quality when coordinated with sound land use and environmental planning. that relationship is examined through a review of the point and nonpoint source pollution issues associated with centralized versus decentralized wastewater management approaches, sewerage extension and plant expansion effects, and sewerage management practices. we use information provided by 161 local jurisdictions in coastal regions of the southeastern united states and various secondary regions of the southeastern united states and various secondary sources. the article concludes with a discussion of policy implications and recommendations to improve the coordination of local sewerage extension/expansion practices and land use planning.     

船舶压载水污染的控制和管理

压载水对现代船舶的安全航行是绝对必要的，但它对生态、经济和人类健康构成了严重威胁，排放船舶压载水被全球环境基金组织确认为危害海洋的四大威胁之一.为防止压载水带来的生物污染，除了在深海更换压载水外，IMO还提出了将来可能采用的一些方法，分析不同处理方法的经济性。     

Household attitudes toward environmental quality in a coastal South Carolina County

Abstract

This paper presents an analysis of the findings of a survey of a sample of Beaufort county, South Carolina, households which was conducted to ascertain preferences for environmental quality. These preferences were approximated from survey responses on willingness to pay for environmental amenities and the size of payments households would require to forfeit them. A scale was developed and used to rank these responses ordinally, and the matrices of scaled responses for each of eight household annual‐income classes were subjected to factor analyses.     

Aspects of family and kinship in a North Carolina coastal community: a comparative study

The almost total absence of social-science data on North Carolina coastal fishing communities has provoked this preliminary study of the role played by family and kinship ties among fishermen and boat builders in such a community, with a view to developing new fisheries management strategies from an assessment of the social and economic impacts of those which already exist.     

关于船舶压载水系统防污染的探讨

该文对船舶压载水系统防污染的有关问题进行了探讨,给出了压载水连续更换系统设计的一些思路,这些探讨有待于实践的进一步检验。     

天津典型湿地地表水环境质量分析与评价

采用单因子污染指数法,以天津典型湿地即七里海、北大港、团泊洼和大黄堡湿地为研究对象,根据枯水期和丰水期的监测结果,对其水环境质量进行分析与评价,结果表明:4个湿地水质的pH、As、Cd、Pb浓度较低,均能达到《地表水环境质量标准》I类标准要求;除团泊洼外,其他湿地水体的铬浓度均能达到《地表水环境质量标准》II类标准;而COD、总氮、总磷和汞浓度含量较高,远高于《地表水环境质量标准》V类标准;湿地外围河流如七里海湿地的潮白新河,团泊洼湿地的独流咸河与大邱庄排污河,北大港窑地桥污水河等多为排污河,水质很差,这些外围河流对湿地的水环境质量影响较大。     

两种水质现状评价方法在港口环境影响评价中的应用

根据对水质的监测结果和取水口附近底栖动物的调查结果,分析南通港两个通用散货泊位工程建设对下游狼山水厂取水口水质的影响。用综合生物指数法对取水口附近水域水质评价的结果显示:狼山水厂取水口的综合水质评价等级为轻污,与水质理化指标的评价结果相吻合。综合生物指数评价法与水质理化指标评价法的结果相互印证,这两种水质现状评价方法可在港口环境影响评价中应用,并互为补充。     

浅水湖泊平面二维水质模型研究

磷氮元素在水体中迁移对湖泊富营养化研究具有重要性。采用有限元伽辽金加权余量法建立了简单的二维水质模型,并计算了在风场作用下的苏州市澄湖丰水期和枯水期的氮磷的分布以及输移。计算中引入了可由实测资料率定的可为正负的综合衰减参数,综合考虑了氮磷元素的沉降速率和释放速率,这样减少了水质多参数难确定的困难。计算的结果表明,流态与实际情况吻合较好,氮磷元素的浓度计算值与实测值相差不大。     

Integrated coastal water monitoring

Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are important took for environmental monitoring and management. However, their limitations in dealing with complex, dynamic, and mission‐critical situations call for alternative approaches. Integrating GIS with dynamic simulation models offers one such solution. Numerical models that simulate physical, chemical, and biological processes greatly increase our understanding of the environment. Many of these models use refined forecast information to accurately predict processes that help in monitoring and managing the environment. Integrating these models with GIS offers new functionalities. The present research couples the MIKE21 comprehensive modeling system for two‐dimensional free surface flows with the spatial analysis strengths of the ArcView GIS. The southern coastal water system of Singapore serves as the study area. The aim is to develop a comprehensive software system that provides support for both environmental managers and land‐use planners in making their decisions.     

浅议装修污染与室内空气品质

装修产生的室内空气品质污染问题日趋严重,人们对此问题也日趋重视,本文首先分析了装修引起室内空气品质下降的来源及其危害,然后提出了改善室内空气品质的具体措施。     

舰艇水污染现状分析与防治措施

针对舰艇特殊地位和任务特点,阐述目前我国舰艇水污染的现状,提出专用压载舱等方法,减少船在港时间和防止油舱受油水交替作用而腐蚀,使用物理化学法和生物氧化法对舰艇生活污水进行处理,加强舰艇防污设备的开发研制,大力发展先进的污水处理循环技术。     

河流突发性污染事故风险评价方法的探讨

通过危险源和环境因素两个方面进行河流突发性污染事故风险评价,引入加权危险河段长度和河段危害权重两个概念论述危险源风险评价,给出能够反映各河段重要性的新的危险源风险评价方法。评价了流速、降水、地形等自然环境因素对突发性水污染事故发展的影响,提出了环境因素定性评价方法。     

中水回用综述

主要介绍了全球水资源的状况和中水回用的应用情况,阐述了中水回用对于解决当今水资源紧缺所具有的重要意义.     

舟山饮用水水源地保护综合整治工程

针对舟山水污染日益严重、水生态不断恶化、饮用水水源地保护形势日趋严重的问题,以舟山城北水库水源地保护治理技术方案研究为例,综合分析了城北水库水源地的水质情况及其污染源问题,并提出了相应的治理保护技术措施,包括水库底泥清淤、库区生态修复治理和入库河道整治等措施,预测可使得水库水质全面达到Ⅲ类标准的水环境功能区划要求,从而有效提高水源地供水的可靠性。     

河口建闸对河道河口及近岸海域水环境的影响研究

应用一维、二维水流、水质模型模拟一个典型河道在建闸前后河道、河口及近岸海域水环境状况。分析表明,河口建闸使河道内污染物平均浓度达到建闸前的1.0~3.5倍,使河口及近岸海域影响的水域面积最大值增加了将近7倍。     

舰船防污染技术新进展

介绍了舰船防污染领域中生活污水处理技术,灰水处理技术、油污水处理技术的现状,对现有船舶污水处理装置存在的问题进行了分析,论述了船舶污水处理技术的发展趋势．     

通用型FPSO关键管网系统水锤分析及防护

在深水通用型FPSO工程中,水锤产生的压力会对管路系统造成危害,严重影响工程进度。运用AFT Impulse建立通用型FPSO压载水系统模型,对系统进行瞬态分析,得出不同关阀工况下水锤仿真结果。通过多次仿真对结果进行比较,得到相对合理的关阀方案,确保管路系统的安全。     

Deep water mass characteristics and interannual variability in the North and Central Aegean Sea

The characteristics and interannual variability of the deep water masses in the North and Central Aegean Sea are being investigated through the data sets of the Hellenic Navy Hydrographic Service (HNHS) and the MEDATLAS 1997 project. In the period between 1987 and 1993, the densest deep water in the Mediterranean has been produced in the Aegean Sea (with σ_θ densities reaching up to 29.6 kg/m³), contributing to what has been called the Eastern Mediterranean Transient. The examination of time series of mean integrated values of θ, S and σ_θ below the depth of 500 dbar reveals the significant deep water density increase after 1987 in all of the deep basins in the area. Data suggest that the density increase of 1987–1988 is mainly attributed to a temperature drop, while in 1993, an even more intense density increase is observed, characterized this time by an abrupt salinity increase. We assume that the increased salinity necessary to produce deep water masses with the observed characteristics was not locally produced but rather advected from the Levantine through the South Aegean. After 1993, no new deep water formation episodes have been observed. A series of Θ–S diagrams derived from HNHS CTD casts covering the period between 1993 and 2000, depict the different characteristics of the deep water masses in the area. As 1993 marks the end of the formation period, observed differences between basins in that year must be attributed to different deep water formation sites. Thereafter, the stagnating deep water in the North and Central Aegean basins has been slowly gaining buoyancy by losing salt and gaining heat. The rate at which this phenomenon takes place varies between different deep basins. It is suggested that these variations are linked to the different volumes of each basin as well as to the general circulation features of the Aegean Sea.     

加筋麦克垫在护滩工程中的应用及施工质量控制

在长江下游马当南水道航道整治工程中,洲滩下游段守护首次采用了新型的加筋麦克垫。普通三维网垫在抵抗水流冲蚀应用时,通常在防护性能发挥到极限前,就会出现材料破坏(如撕裂)的情况。根据马克菲尔集团与美国犹他州立大学的试验研究,发现通过高强度钢丝网加筋的三维网垫,其材料自身抵抗破坏的性能有显著提高,能够保证材料的冲蚀防护性能得以发挥。除此之外,其自身的稳定性也是保证防护性能的关键。针对加筋麦克垫质量轻的特点,在基床整平、网垫锚固以及搭接绞合等方面进行了严格的施工质量控制,保证加筋麦克垫在护滩工程中首次应用就取得了良好的防护效果。     

水力学在水环境保护中的研究及应用进展

在当今社会水环境的保护成为重要课题,而在水环境保护中起到重要作用的就是水力学,水力学与水环境的结合,一方面促进了水力学的发展,另一方面也推动了水环境保护这一领域的发展,故本文结合当前水力学在水环境方面发展的状况对水力学在水环境保护中一些重要的研究成果和当前水力学在水环境保护中的主要应用方面进行了综述,同时在最后对水力学在水环境保护中的研究和应用进行了展望。