Analysis of hydrodynamic characteristics for arbitrary multihull ships advancing in waves

Multihull vessels have emerged as popular alternatives to conventional monohull ships for high-speed crafts. However, the bridging structures connecting the hulls are vulnerable to various wave actions and the wave impact on the bottom of them is the most serious problems associated with multihulled vessels. In this study, prediction of relative wave elevations under the bridging structures is investigated for multihull ships traveling with forward speed in waves. A computer code YNU-SEA using the three-dimensional (3D) Green function method with forward speed has been developed and used to analyze the hydrodynamic radiation and diffraction forces and motion responses for high-speed catamarans in waves. The results of the present calculations are compared with those of previous calculations as well as with experimental results. The numerical results reveal that the present computer code can be used as a powerful tool for the accurate numerical computation of seakeeping problems for multihull ships advancing in waves. Numerical calculations of wave pattern are also carried out including wave interactions between the hulls to analyze the effects of hull form on the free surface flow around catamarans advancing in waves. The analysis of the wave pattern allows the determination of relative wave height including radiation and diffraction waves. Finally, some discussions are included based on these numerical results which may be helpful for the accurate prediction of relative wave height and wave breaking load on the deck associated with multihull ships.     

Multi-fidelity optimization of a high-speed foil-assisted semi-planing catamaran for low wake

The wakes of high-speed passenger-only ferries that operated through Rich Passage, on the Seattle-Bremerton ferry route, caused beach erosion and damage to habitat. A task was initiated to design a low-wake high-speed vessel using multi-fidelity CFD based design optimization by using low-fidelity potential flow solvers for initial global design optimization and by using URANS solvers for high-fidelity tuning of the optimized design. This simulation based design process involved a close collaboration between ship designers, and hydrodynamics and CFD specialists, whose collective expertise guided the evolution of the design based on both hydrodynamic and structural aspects. The initial hull shape optimization using potential flow code was carried out by blending three different initial concepts provided by the designers. Subsequently, URANS was used to evaluate the potential flow optimized hull and to further optimize the hull configuration parameters, namely, the centre-of-gravity, demihull spacing, foil location, foil angle and slenderness ratio at different displacement conditions. The URANS based configuration optimization also took into account the far field wakes’ energy spectrum with an objective of reducing the energetic, low frequency far field wakes which are associated with beach flattening on the mixed sand and gravel beaches. Calculation of the far field wake using URANS would require an unfeasibly large domain size; therefore, a Havelock code with a source distribution matching the URANS calculated near field wave elevation was used to propagate the wakes into the far field. The end result of the optimization was a design with significantly reduced far field wake, which is currently being built for experimental testing.     

CFD validation studies for a high-speed foil-assisted semi-planing catamaran

This paper details the CFD validation studies carried out as a prerequisite for multi-fidelity CFD-based design optimization of high-speed passenger-only ferries aimed at reducing far-field wake energy that causes beach erosion. A potential flow program (WARP) and a URANS program (CFDSHIP) were validated using full-scale measurements of resistance, sinkage, trim, and far-field wake train obtained over a wide range of speeds for two high-speed semi-planing foil-assisted catamarans: Spirit (LOA-22 m) and 1060 (LOA-17 m). This study posed a unique combination of challenges for CFD modeling: the foil appended geometry required complicated surface overset grids, the effect of the waterjet and wind resistance had to be modeled, and a method had to be devised to extrapolate the calculated near-field elevation to get the far-field wake train using Havelock sources. A more concentrated effort was applied to the URANS verification and validation which forms the focus of this paper. The results show that URANS is able to accurately predict the resistance and motions for both vessels when coupled with models that account for the propulsors and air resistance. The overall accuracy of URANS for the performance analysis of the foil-assisted, semi-planing catamarans was adequate to warrant its use as a tool for subsequent design and optimization of a new vessel with significantly reduced wakes.     

Drift-wood collision load on bow structure of high-speed vessels

Impact load estimation of drift-wood hitting against the bow structure of high-speed vessels has been investigated. It may be difficult for the craft operator to detect in advance a drift-wood floating just below the ocean surface and to avoid the collision with it. It is particularly difficult for operators of the high-speed vessels in night cruising mode. The probability of the accident may be higher than that of the collision with rocks or other ships because of the difficulties of early detection of the floating object. Impact loads are estimated for drift-wood of different sizes and craft speed considering whipping motion and local crushing of the wood at the hitting region. A simplified formula for the load estimation is proposed based on the modal approach and the energy balance. Predicted impact loads can be applied to the initial design of the bow structure and collision bulkhead of the craft to secure the structural safety against a possible accident.     

An Alert System for Beach Hazard Management in the Balearic Islands

A real-time beach hazard level associated with nearshore hydrodynamics is presented in this article. The suitability of the discussed alert system is illustrated via its application to fifteen beaches in the Balearic Islands (Western Mediterranean Sea) providing nearshore safety conditions for beach safety manager. The system provides daily forecasts of nearshore wave conditions using the deep water wave forecasts. The shallow water wave data (wave height, period, and direction) together with the morphology of the site (presence of bars, capes, beach type, etc.) are used to define a hazard level (low, medium, and high) associated with local conditions. The resulting hazard level is transmitted via SMS to lifeguards and local authorities for real-time beach management. The low computational cost of this system after the initial implementation and subsequent calibration results in a very suitable approach for beach management in order to mitigate risks related to local hydrodynamics.     

水翼对斜浪的运动响应

水翼船实船使用表明,在斜浪作用下,“全浸式”水翼船的运动性能明显优于传统的“割划式”水翼船。根据这种现象,结合一型川江水翼客船的设计需要,针对上述两种水翼型式进行了实船调研、理论分析与计算、模型试验等大量研究工作。阐述了其主要研究结果,以供水翼船研究设计参考。     

A review of physical flexible ship models used for hydroelastic experiments

Hydroelasticity of ships has been established as a necessary form of investigation for both slender ships and high-speed craft. Experimental investigations have spanned various topics, including symmetric and antisymmetric, harmonic and transient, linear and nonlinear responses. Models have varied in size and the way the structure is modelled, depending of the focus of the investigation. The multitude of interacting physical mechanisms introduce almost-impossible-to-resolve scaling issues, and the eventual compromises depend on the aim of the investigator. This publication provides a comprehensive review of the evolution of these experimental techniques, from the first appearances of the field to the modern state-of-the-art and potential future directions.     

An Interdisciplinary Analysis of Beach Management in the Catalan Coast (North-Western Mediterranean)

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of beach management in the Catalan coast (NW Mediterranean) by introducing and integrating results from different partial projects. They analyzed the legal, political, and administrative framework of beach management, the quality tools available, the practices of management, the processes of beach use, and beach waste/litter dynamics. The information obtained served to create a new beach management tool referred to as the Beach Quality Index, which was developed by an interdisciplinary team of academics from the natural/physical sciences and social sciences that worked together during the course of four years. Information obtained from users and key stakeholders served to create the index. The study demonstrated that as a consequence of the shortcomings in the legal and administrative system as well as inadequate practices of beach managers, beach management in the area experiences coordination problems, insufficient information and lack of proactive management, pollution, and in general problems associated with the satisfaction of short-term user demands.     

基于CFD的高速方尾船粘性阻力预报

随着社会经济的发展和科学技术的进步,人们对船舶航速的要求也日益提高,这引起了世界研究高速船的高潮.而高速船大多具有方尾,这使得方尾船粘性阻力预报的研究十分有意义.利用CFD软件,对文献[4]提供的b系列尾船型进行数值模拟,得到在低傅汝德数下,在不考虑自由液面情况时的摩擦阻力系数,粘压阻力系数以及形状因子,通过计算结果和...     

波浪动力艇模型自航试验及数值仿真

为解决受控主动摆翼驱动装置复杂、机械效率较低的问题,研究依靠升沉运动产生的力矩来驱动俯仰运动的被动摆翼装置,并将其应用于波浪动力艇.在波浪作用下,将被动摆翼安装于艇体底部的一定位置处,产生的推力即可推艇前进.在模型试验中,通过改变波浪周期、波高和控制机构的设置,比较试验艇的自由航行速度.结果表明,试验艇的航速与波高呈正相关关系,且当波长与船长之比约为1.8时推进效果最佳.通过数值仿真,显示两种控制机构配置时的水翼工作过程,并估算在一定波浪参数下波浪动力艇可达到的航速,所估算的航速与试验结果吻合较好.     

试论高速船的安全航行

分析高速船独特的船舶操纵特性对航行安全的影响,并提出高速船在值班、瞭望、安全航速以及雷达避碰中应注意的问题,并就《1972年国际海上避碰规则》中关于高速船的相关条款提出修改、补充意见。     

水气双重介质共同作用下滑行艇纵向运动预报

为探究滑行艇水气双重介质共同作用下的运动响应情况,针对喷水推进滑行艇的高速运动原理,建立水气双重介质作用下滑行艇非线性的纵向运动数学模型。分析滑行艇在水气双重介质共同作用下滑行过程中的受力特性,确定艇体受到的重力、浮力、动升力和风压阻力等,改进受风面积和风压力臂的计算方法,提出实时计算滑行艇浸湿长度的计算公式。编写滑行艇纵向运动预报程序,并对不同工况下滑行艇运动的预报结果予以了分析。结果显示,当主机输出功率一定时,计入空气比不计入空气时的航速下降5.1%,升沉量下降0.006 m,纵摇角抬升0.2°,阻力增加1 893 N,动升力减小404 N;而计入风的阻力对滑行艇的运动影响较大,航速下降15.3%,纵摇角增加0.6°,升沉量下降0.021 m,动升力下降1 139 N,阻力增加5 472 N。     

分段式尾压浪板对高速船阻力性能的影响

基于CFD技术,以排水型高速船Model 5b为模型,寻求改善高速船阻力性能的尾压浪板新形式。首先尾压浪板新形式的确定在静水条件下进行,然后在波浪条件下验证该压浪板的阻力性能。基于CFD软件建立三维数值波浪水池,静水条件下采用切割体网格技术预报船模的阻力性能。波浪条件下数值水池入口采用直接造波方法,尾部采用人工阻尼消波方法,自由面采用VOF方法处理,采用重叠网格技术预报船模的阻力性能以及运动响应。确定一种比常规压浪板阻力性能优良的分段式压浪板,为船舶节能附体的研究提供参考。     

浅水高速艇的快速性研究

本文提供了一种内河浅水型高速艇艇型.针对该型线又进行了不同水深的阻力模型拖曳试验,并根据试验结果讨论了高速艇的浅水效应.结果表明,该艇的水动力性能优于常规的高速艇艇型.配合本文提出的带有侧进水口及底进水口的双进水口喷水推进系统的概念设计,该高速艇可在深水中高速航行、在浅水中安全航行,有效最小水深可和该艇的静态吃水相当.     

浅析排水式高速艇的阻力性能

排水式高速艇的阻力构成和变化规律与排水式船舶、滑行艇不同。文章基于模型试验和试验图谱分析了排水式高速艇的阻力特征,并研究了排水体积长度系数、棱形系数、方形系数等船型特征对该型船阻力性能的影响,从而为该类船舶的快速性设计提供一定的参考。     

902冲翼试验艇设计

冲翼艇是一种利用机翼的地面效应离开水面又十分贴近水面飞行的高速运载工具。它具有速度高、长时间超低空飞行、适航性和经济性好等优点,有广阔的发展前途。902冲翼试验艇是中国船舶科学研究中心设计的单座冲翼性能试验艇。试航证明它具有良好的稳定性、操纵性和适航性。本文主要介绍该艇的总体布局、气动设计、水动设计、结构设计以及试飞结果。     

深V型滑行艇纵向运动试验研究

深V型滑行艇模型纵向运动试验研究表明：规则波中,升沉响应的平均值与静水航行时的重心升高极为接近,纵摇响应的平均值与静水航行时的纵倾较为接近,证实了相同航速下滑行艇在波浪中航行的纵向运动是相对于静水浮态的升沉纵摇运动;随着航速的增加,升沉响应峰值、纵摇响应峰值、垂向运动加速度峰值都向长波方向移动;速度较高、波幅较大时,升沉、纵摇、垂向运动加速度是非线性的。     

Broaching prediction of a wave-piercing tumblehome vessel with twin screws and twin rudders

The new intact stability criteria which are under development at the International Maritime Organization (IMO) are required to cover a broaching phenomenon, well known as a great threat to high-speed vessels which can lead to capsizing. Some reports exist which demonstrate that their numerical models can predict a highly nonlinear phenomenon of broaching. However, additional validation studies are needed for unconventional vessels, in addition to conventional ones, to develop direct stability assessment methods for the new intact stability criteria. In this research, we selected as the subject ship a wave-piercing tumblehome vessel with twin screws and twin rudders, a design expected to be one of a new generation of high-speed monohull ships. Firstly, a series of captive model tests were conducted to measure the resistance, the manoeuvring forces, the wave-exciting forces, the heel-induced hydrodynamic forces, and the roll restoring variation for the unconventional tumblehome vessel. Secondly, the existing mathematical model which had been developed for broaching prediction of conventional vessels with a single propeller and a single rudder was extended to unconventional vessels with twin propellers and twin rudders. Finally, comparisons between numerical simulations and the existing free running model experiments were conducted. As a result, it was demonstrated that fair quantitative prediction of broaching is realised when the rudder force variation, the roll restoring variation and the heel-induced hydrodynamic force for large heel angles are taken into account.     

Development of Green-Naghdi models with a wave-absorbing beach for nonlinear, irregular wave propagation

Two-dimensional and three-dimensional Green-Naghdi (GN) models equipped with a numerical wave-absorbing beach have been developed to simulate nonlinear, regular, and irregular wave propagation. The numerical beach is introduced near the downstream boundary to absorb outgoing waves. An appropriate amount of numerical damping and an appropriate length of numerical beach are investigated using numerical experiments. The results show that the GN models with a numerical beach work very well in simulating wave propagation in water in a small computational domain.     

穿浪双体船总体设计载荷研究

为了比较分析不同高速船规范的适用性,根据DNV、ABS、CCS和LR规范中关于高速双体船波浪载荷的评估方法,分别对一高速穿浪双体船进行了总体波浪设计载荷的评估。同时对该穿浪双体船进行了水池模型试验,包含规则波与不规则波的试验。试验对该双体船的纵垂向弯矩、横垂向弯矩、横向扭矩和纵摇有关扭矩进行了测量,分析了其传递函数和统计特性。根据对纵垂向弯矩、横垂向弯矩、横向扭矩和纵摇有关扭矩在规范与试验之间的比较分析表明,DNV规范中关于该穿浪双体船总体波浪设计载荷的评估与模型试验值最接近,CCS规范次之,ABS和LR规范中关于该穿浪双体船的总体波浪设计载荷的评估值较试验值大很多,尤其是横向波浪设计载荷的评估。通过对规范计算的总体波浪载荷与模型试验结果及其推断值的比较分析,进一步明确了现行规范对该双体船波浪设计载荷评估的适用性:采用DNV和CCS规范对该双体船进行结构设计是合理的;采用ABS和LR规范将偏于安全和保守。