OCS development: A community's acceptance of risk

Abstract

Port O'Connor, Texas, a small unincorporated community on the Gulf Coast, was studied to assess the residents’ attitudes toward the potential growth related to Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) development. In contrast to attitudes of residents in many East Coast communities, residents of Port O'Connor do not feel threatened by OCS‐related growth. Rather, the risks they perceive result from increased tourism. They are well familiar with the social costs of tourism. They are less familiar with the social risks involved in increased OCS activities.

In terms of coastal zone management policy, this study highlights the importance of attending to the concerns of local residents for their social structure and way of life. The social risks imposed by increased OCS activity must be considered important factors in plans for OCS development.     

OCS development: A new law and a new beginning

Abstract

This article reviews the conflicts that led to the establishment of a special Congressional Committee on offshore oil and gas exploration, development, and production and the attempted resolution of various issues by that Committee and the Congress in the 1978 Amendments to the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act of 1953. A short review is provided of the history of Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) development, of the conflict between the federal government and other interested entities and persons, and of the Congressional mechanism to respond to these conflicts. A more detailed analysis is provided of the most significant OCS issues. The article describes the various risks and benefits of offshore activity and the various benefits and risks of proposed changes in the law concerning such development. A review of the Congressional mechanism to assess these risks and benefits and balance them is included in a discussion of the various issues and legislated solutions. Finally, the article notes the need for continuing oversight and review of the benefits and risks and how effective the 1978 Amendments are in balancing them.     

我国渔船的发展与展望

２０世纪９０年代,在近海资源衰退和亚洲金融危机不利条件下,我国海洋捕捞量仍呈增长势头。海洋机动渔船总量也基本上保持增长,并出现了船型多样化、节能化,出口批量增大等发展趋势。２１世纪,制约我国渔船发展的因素仍然很多,我国应继续开拓国外渔船市场,成为渔船出口大国。建造技术含量高的远洋渔船。在控制国内渔船总量的同时,以技术创新推动小型玻璃钢渔船的产业化。渔船的发展应与水产品加工、资源保护和开发、增养殖、     

商业银行个贷业务发展之我见

个人贷款业务在国外商业银行业务中占据着很大的一部分。这部分的业务较之普通商业贷款业务来说,具有风险低,种类多等特征。在我国商业银行与全球商业银行展开全面竞争之际,我们有必要对其的开展提出一定的措施,以促进其健康发展。     

The opinions and attitudes of Louisiana's Coastal Zone residents toward outdoor recreational development: A perspective for planning and management

Abstract

In 1967, a new road facilitated access to a number of small, impoverished, rural communities in a marshy region along Mexico's Pacific coast. One of these—the only one situated on the Pacific shore—began to be visited by an increasing stream of tourists. This article discusses the severe sociocultural problems which the initial phase of tourism development caused in Teacapán, and argues that these are part of a syndrome which is manifest in similar situations worldwide. By anticipating this syndrome before tourism development gets underway, planners and managers of coastal tourism development in Third World nations would be better prepared to mitigate most of its severe effects.     

物联网技术在远洋渔船数据挖掘及渔船调度管理的应用

近年来,过度捕捞导致近海渔业资源逐渐枯竭,而深海和远洋蕴藏着丰富的渔业资源,也是各个国家渔业发展的重点。海上渔船的管理和船队调度具有重要的意义,良好的管理和调度可以提高渔业捕捞、运输的效率,降低渔业成本。物联网技术将互联网和传感器技术相结合,近年来在各种领域获得了广泛的应用。本文的研究重点是远洋渔船的智能化管理和调度,本文系统的介绍了物联网技术的结构组成,并将物联网技术和GPS定位技术应用到渔船管理和调度系统,优化了远洋渔船的调度路线和资源配置,对降低远洋渔船的作业成本有一定的意义。     

重新界定渔船定义加强渔船运载客货的安全管理

渔船,国际上的通常理解是指专门从事水产捕捞的船舶,这种船舶不能也不允许从事客货运输。但我国在法律法规的层面上对渔船没有明确定义,各管理部门对其范畴的理解以及部门规章和文件对其定义又各不相同,渔船在一些特定情况下也从事客货运输。我国对船舶的管理按照多种标准来划分管理主体和客体,实际执行中管理交叉;政府部门在安全管理上的责、权、利无法统一,职责落实存在问题,一出事故容易相互推诿。本文     

浅谈民航大发展形势下的人力资源管理

民航大发展将影响民航专业人才的流动,作为培养民航专业人才的单位应正确处理人事危机,要加强单位人力资源的风险管理,同时应建立切合实际的单位人力资源开发体系。     

The emergence of Vladivostok as a commercial port: US versus Japanese development

The Russian port of Vladivostok, closed to foreigners since before the Second World War, hsa been opened to foreign commerce by the government of the newly-created Russian Rupublic. Although the port faces many difficulties in establishing itself, many nations, Japn and the United States included, believe that Vladivostok will become a major centre to commerce between Russian and other Pacific nations. This article examine; (1) problems facing Vladivostok and the Russian Far Eatern Ports, (2) recent cargo throughputs and potential for growth, (3) investements by Japanese and United States corporations, (4) recent policy of the Japanese and United States governments regarding economic aid and cooperation with Russia. By analysing these data, it is possible to test the hypothesis that because of Japn' geographic advantage, its reliance on imports of raw materials that could easily be supplied by Russia,and its pre-eminence as an economic power in the region, Japnese corporation will become the major economic force in the development of the Russian Far East and the Port of Vladivostok in particular.     

渔船海上遇险与救助

近年来,随着交通运输部和农业部海上搜救联动机制的逐步建立和日趋完善,交通运输部门和农业部门进一步加强了沟通和交流,明确了各自的工作机制和职责,通过分工协作、互联互动的方式,发挥各自行业优势,不断解决搜救工作中遇到的困难,更好地保障了人民群众生命和财产安全,保护了海洋环境,确保了全国水上安全形势持续稳定。     

60万艘渔船安全状况堪忧

据统计,中国渔船总数95.76万艘,其中机动渔船50.96万艘。2004年全国共检验渔业船舶32.29万艘,占渔业船舶总数的33.72%。换言之,还有60余万艘渔船,没有被纳入农业部监管之内,安全状况堪忧。全国水上安全,重在渔船。那么,谁为60余万艘渔船安全负责,便成了一个不得不面对的课题。     

关于29．98m金枪鱼钓船振动原因分析及解决方法

我司建造的29．98m玻璃钢金枪鱼钓船，是由山东某船厂提供图纸，由珠海某船厂建造船体部分，最后在我公司完成其它工作。该船线型图见图1，主要要素如下：     

小型延绳钓渔船设计

本文就国内首次为澳洲研发设计的小型延绳钓渔船,从总体性能、冷藏保鲜及主要机电配置等方面作一介绍.     

风帆助航渔船的稳性及经济性分析

风帆助航是船舶节能减排的重要途径。本文以1条鱿鱼钓船作为研究对象,根据该船的特点选择NACA0006型帆和圆弧型帆作为辅助风帆,然后利用Fluent软件建立所选风帆模型,对这2种风帆的空气动力性能进行数值模拟计算。根据软件的计算结果估算风帆助航时鱿鱼钓船的每年节油量以及所减少的二氧化碳排放量。通过对风帆助航鱿鱼钓船的稳性进行计算分析,可以确定只要合理地安装和操作风帆,风帆助航渔船是能满足稳性要求的。     

渔船安全的惊喜与忧患--访农业部渔业船舶检验局局长张合成

据统计,我国渔船数量占船舶总量的96%左右,占世界渔船总量的近24%。由于渔业特别是海洋捕捞业是传统的高风险产业,渔船事故时有发生。一遇上恶劣天气,主管部门更是为之提心吊胆,因为谁也不能确定不会有船舶事故发生。眼下,随着农业部以及各级政府的重视,渔船安全有了一个良好的保障。最近,记者就一些渔船安全以及检验问题采访了农业部渔业船舶检验局局长张合成。     

Forecasting fishing vessel responses in coastal areas

A system for forecasting the operability of ships was developed by extending a wave forecasting system with the ship responses to the forecast sea states. The system produces 4-day wave forecasts in an implementation for the Portuguese Exclusive Economic Zone, where the vessels’ seakeeping performance is forecast, although the method presented could well be applied to any other coastal region. The proposed procedure requires the knowledge of the transfer functions for different ship speeds and headings. The computations are made for two different types of fishing vessels that currently operate in the Portuguese coast. Ship motions and derived responses are evaluated with a strip theory code and compared with the prescribed values of relevant seakeeping criteria that represent the limit conditions that still allow standard operational conditions for those vessels. For each forecast sea state at each grid point at a given time, the response spectrum is calculated and operability indexes are computed and compared with the maximum allowed values for a specific operation criterion. The results are presented as operational index maps for various areas of the Portuguese coast, and the information provided by system will help ship masters to plan the operation of their ships, namely to decide the areas to operate in anticipation. In this way, they can identify areas in which the level of operationally of their ships will be degraded due to weather conditions and avoid them.     

渔船球鼻艏参数优化研究

优化球鼻艏形状可以改善船舶阻力性能.本文以阻力最小为目标,提出了一种渔船球艏优化方法.首先对渔船球鼻艏进行参数化建模,以球鼻艏的设计参数作为设计变量,利用敏感性分析方法结合CFD技术对设计变量进行灵敏度分析,甄别出对阻力性能变化最为敏感的若干设计变量;然后,使用穷举搜索法对样本空间进行采样,并通过CFD技术进行阻力预报;最后建立阻力系数与设计变量之间的替代模型,利用遗传算法优化渔船性能,获得阻力最优对应的球艏形状.研究表明,在设计工况,采用该方法优化后的船型较初始船型总阻力降低2.68％.     

中国远洋渔业直面海洋寒冰

近年来,随着经济和科学技术的不断发展,世界渔船性能不断增强,捕捞技术显著提高,加之污染的日益加剧,使世界海洋渔业资源日趋枯竭。对此,渔民们期望有一种新的捕捞方式来创造新的经济来源。一部分弃船登岸转产转业,一部分发展远洋捕捞,这是他们必须面临的抉择。中国远洋渔业近年来取得了长足发展,2004年总产量达125万吨,产值近百亿元,前景广阔。但是,中国也面临一些制约远洋渔业发展的现实问题,比如渔船落后、船员素质低下、国家扶持政策不够、缺乏科技投入等。这一系列问题如不尽快解决,中国远洋渔业的发展将看不到光明。     

JS803F钢质远洋捕捞渔业船

介绍了赴也门共和国海域进行单拖网作业的220kW渔业船舶的选型、设计、审图等思路,分析了该船的结构、性能及特点,为今后设计远洋渔业船舶提供参考资料。     

“海之骄子”——钓鱼艇

钓鱼是时下很受欢迎的休闲活动，无论你仅仅是为了周末出海游玩．换换心情，顺便钓条鱼换换口味．还是作为一个职业垂钓者参赛以期捧杯而归．当然还包括获得那丰厚的奖金。但有个事实是这样的：钓鱼艇必须设计得使上述事宜能够轻松的完成。经过多年钓鱼艇设计上的发展．钓鱼技术在不断地改进，反复地实验．也不排除偶然的运气成分，钓鱼艇最终以今天这个独特的面貌呈现在我们面前，