Public access to ocean beaches: If you find a parking space,how do you get to the beach

The public presently owns, or has the right to use, a substantial portion of the nation's ocean beaches. However, the public cannot, in fact, use many of these beaches because there is no legal access to them. As the coast develops, more and more areas become closed to the public. The states are now being encouraged to plan for access to the beaches; there are a number of tools and techniques at their disposal.     

Stakeholder Perceptions of Seaport Resilience Strategies: A Case Study of Gulfport (Mississippi) and Providence (Rhode Island)

Climate change is having and will continue to have a range of negative impacts on social–environmental systems. Many ports, with their coastal locations and essential roles in regional and national economies, face particular exposure to storm impacts that may worsen with climate change. Currently in the United States port resilience planning falls primarily on port operators. Engaging a wider range of stakeholders in long-term seaport functioning may reduce risks from disruptive and potentially irreversible impacts of climate change. This study uses empirical data gathered through two case studies of highly exposed U.S. ports, Gulfport (MS) and Providence (RI), to identify strategies that port planners and external stakeholders consider feasible for enhancing their port's resilience. This article categorizes these resilience strategies and suggests the potential role that different stakeholders could play in facilitation and implementation.     

Measuring Public Access to the Shoreline: The Boat-Based Offset Survey Method

As cities redevelop underutilized waterfronts, opportunities exist to promote public access to the shoreline. However, planning for access is hampered by a lack of reliable data on how people utilize a specific shoreline. The boat-based offset transect survey (B-BOTS) method allows researchers to accurately record, map, and analyze shoreline access. This article discusses the use of B-BOTS along the northern part Narragansett Bay, RI. Using B-BOTS, on 52 randomly selected days over a two-season period, researchers developed a geodatabase that included the position of all shoreline users and the activity in which they were engaging. Using this geodatabase, the article demonstrates that the amount and type of shoreline use varied dramatically throughout the study area and varied in ways that would not have been predictable using conventional sources of data. The article also demonstrates that the availability of parking not only influenced the amount of shoreline use, but also the manner in which different user types distributed themselves along the shore. The article discusses the importance of such findings for developing plans for waterfront redevelopment and public access.     

Quantifying anthropogenic shoreline modification of the Hudson River and Estuary from European contact to modern time

Abstract

Anthropogenic modifications to the shoreline of the New York Harbor estuary and the tidal portion of the Hudson River have been mapped and quantitatively assessed. Modifications studied include the filling of tidal salt‐ and freshwater marshes and the creation of fast land as well as dredging, shoreline armoring, and dike installation. Because the Hudson Estuary and River comprise a historically and commercially important harbor and waterway, shoreline modification commenced shortly after European colonization. While in the harbor segment of the estuary only about 20% of the original wetland areas remain today, the tidal Hudson River has seen a net increase in tidal freshwater wetland area of about the same magnitude resulting principally from shoreline railroad construction. Several different methods were used in compilation of the historical shoreline. Because determination of historical shorelines is important to public trust lands and to estuarine rehabilitation, data bases are being constructed incorporating those shorelines. The experience of this project suggests the benefits and problems associated with the techniques used.     

Providing Public Access to the Shore: The Role of Coastal Zone Management Programs

In many coastal states and territories, coastal zone management (CZM) programs have been the prime catalyst in leveraging public access initiatives among state and federal agencies, public organizations, and the private sector. A wide range of tools are used, including acquisition, regulations, technical assistance, and public education. The diversity of approaches is illustrated through a variety of case examples. Although hard numbers for measuring outcomes were not uniformly available, between 1985 and 1988, when federal and state CZM funding dedicated to public access was tracked, $141.5 million (unadjusted 1988 dollars) were spent on 455 public access-related projects. A policy shift occurred in the 1990s away from reliance on acquisition and regulation as the most effective means of providing access and toward technical assistance and public outreach-a response to the overall decrease in funds available for access. CZM programs have been able to balance the contradictory goals of the federal Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (CZMA), such as protecting coastal resources while providing for increased public access to those resources. It is recommended that CZM programs conduct assessments to determine the kind of access needed in the future and where it should be located. And, due to the creativity and innovation that states and territory coastal programs use to achieve access, it is recommended that a national clearinghouse be established for documenting and sharing information on innovative tools and programs.     

祟武以东海战

作战部署 1965年11月13日13时20分，国民党海军南区巡逻支队旗舰“永泰”号率“永昌”号由澎湖列岛的马公起航，驶往乌丘执行任务。“永泰”号是一艘大型猎潜舰，排水量600吨，全载903吨，装有2门76毫米炮、3门40毫米炮和6门20毫米炮。“永昌”号是一艘护航炮舰，排水量650吨，全载954吨，     

我国造船业有了准入門檻

2007年10月1日,中国第一部船舶生产企业的行业准入标准——《船舶生产企业生产条件基本要求及评价方法》(简称《船企评价标准》)正式实施。     

英雄走了,给人留下力量

滚滚长江东逝水,浪花淘尽英雄。古往今来,多少英雄豪杰被历史的浪花托起,又被时间的洪流淹没,但在跌宕起伏中,英雄沉淀下的是一种永恒的精神金沙。海事英雄杨庆文,带着对祖国的忠诚和对海事的眷恋走了,他的光辉形象将永远定格在那艘承载着维权使命的工作艇上。     

塑料排水板加固海上软弱地基在大连长兴岛公共港区建设中的应用

介绍了大连长兴岛公共港区#1～#3。通用泊位工程建设中采用打设塑料排水板处理接岸结构软土地基的工程实例,总结了在海上进行超深塑料排水板打设的施工和检测等实际经验,为国内海上软基处理技术提供一定的参考。     

Shoreline development controls and public access to the ocean's edge

Abstract

The San Diego Coast Regional Commission, faced with the responsibility of approving, approving with conditions, or denying permits for development proposed along the scenic coastal bluffs of San Diego county, has adopted guidelines for bluff‐top development which assures retention of scenic vistas and provision of public access while permitting private landowners “reasonable use”; of their property. These unique guidelines delineate certain environmental and aesthetic parameters within which bluff‐top development may take place. Portions of the guidelines are presented, and some of the factors leading to their formulation and adoption are discussed.     

The Impact of Recreation on Barrier Islands: A Case Study on Masonboro Island

Since 1992, coastal researchers at the University of North Carolina at Wilmington have been documenting the impacts of human recreational use on Masonboro Island, a component of the North Carolina National Estuarine Research Reserve, and the subsequent natural processes that mitigate these impacts. Both short-term and long-term natural mitigational processes were identified. The effects of these processes were found to be much more rapid than similar impacts on typical terrestrial settings. However, careful examination of the data suggests that both physical location of the impact site and natural variability of weather patterns and events play a role. Management implications of these findings are proposed.     

Public law litigation and marine affairs: The boldt decision

Abstract

The management and conservation of the marine environment and its natural resources are increasingly understood to be issues of public policy with consequences for society at large. On a variety of dramatic occasions over the last decades, the federal judiciary has departed from its traditionally passive role in the shaping of social policy. This paper examines a critical marine controversy, the Boldt Decision (U.S. v. Washington 1974), to illustrate and evaluate nontraditional judicial behavior. The first two sections introduce Indian‐United States treaties concerning Pacific Northwest salmon resources, and the unfolding of the Boldt Decision. A third section argues that a “public law”; model of litigation fits the legal events of the Boldt Decision. A fourth section addresses the competence of the Boldt court as it is manifest in judicial organization, analysis, and implementation. A final section comments on the potential for public law litigation elsewhere in the governing of marine affairs.     

绳索取心钻进在矿产勘查实例中的比较研究

绳索取心钻进是广泛应用在矿产地质勘查中的一种方法,指在钻进过程中,当岩心充满岩心管后,不需提钻取岩心,而是以钻杆为通道,借助于绳索和专用打捞工具,把钻进过程中储存于内岩心管中的岩心提升到孔外的一种取心钻进方法.在矿产勘查的金刚石岩心钻进过程中,升降机具工序约占全部生产时间的30%～40%,使用绳索取心钻进工艺可以很大程度的增加纯钻进时间,提高钻进效率.本文结合临沂市沂南县矿产勘测工程钻孔实践,将小口径绳索取心钻进工艺与普通钻探工艺进行对比来阐明其先进、高效的特点.     

丹东獐岛交通码头工程施工工艺

介绍丹东獐岛交通码头工程的概况,着重介绍了基槽挖泥、方块吊装、墙体混凝土浇注等实施方案,保证了工程施工质量,并顺利按时完工。     

物流规划必须处理好纵向与横向关系--以广东省为例

介绍物流规划的纵向与横向关系,从理论和实践上说明为什么要处理好物流规划的纵向与横向关系,以广东省为例,具体说明如何处理好物流规划的纵向与横向关系。     

The role of inland terminal development in the hinterland access strategies of Spanish ports

The aim of this paper is to understand how inland terminals are developed in relation both to ports and to other inland terminals within a national system.The paper builds on previous work developing inland terminal taxonomies and applies them to the Spanish case, with supplementary focus on the relations between the “dry port” and “extended gate” concepts. Theoretical contributions include both the importance of development direction (land-driven vs sea-driven) and the identification of an emerging spatial disparity in port development strategies between coastal and inland nodes.In Spain, ports retain an interest in inland terminals through minority shareholdings but they are not the primary investors. The principal ports using Spanish inland terminals are Barcelona and Valencia, both of which are also developing logistics zones within their ports. Furthermore, while the ports are developing closer IT links with these inland locations, this does not necessarily indicate greater than normal levels of cooperation. A study of the Spanish system thus raises questions about whether the increasing academic focus on “dry ports” actually signals any change in strategies of port development or intermodal terminal operation. Therefore the final aim of this paper is to question the use of the “dry port” terminology.     

宝剑锋从磨砺出——记长江航运公安局

在我国第一大河——长江上，有这样一群人，他们用自己的青春和热血铸成金色盾牌，忠诚地护卫着长江，守护着长江航运事业，维护着长江航运安全。他们就是长江航运公安局的民警。[编者按]