长江口水流运动特性分析

根据长江口ADCP实测断面水流资料,对长江口断面运动随时间变化情况进行了分析,结果表明,涨落潮流分离,落潮主流偏向右岸(南岸),涨潮主流偏向左岸(北岸),流速存在着明显的差异,低平潮和高平潮前后,在断面上有三个方向环流的产生。     

珠江口区淤泥土微观结构性研究

有针对性地对珠江口区代表性地段淤泥典型试样进行了基础试验,并以此为据结合先前工程实践对区内淤泥土的微观结构及其力学影响进行了分析和探讨。掌握珠江口区淤泥土的特殊工程性质,在工程建设中具有非常重要的意义。     

珠江口水域航行安全现状分析与通航管理对策

随着海上运输的发展,大型船舶尤其是巨型油轮数量的增加,船舶航速的提高,珠江口水道越来越拥挤,使得加强船舶动态的监控管理、保障船舶航行安全、维护水域船舶通航秩序、预防和减少水上交通安全事故与水上环境污染等问题,越来越受到人们的关注。     

Seasonal variability of dissolved major and trace elements in the Gaoping (Kaoping) River Estuary, Southwestern Taiwan

To gain a better understanding of the geochemical behavior of trace elements in estuary and to examine seasonal variations in associated chemical fluxes, more than 50 water samples were collected near the mouth of the Gaoping (formerly spelled Kaoping) River, a major river in southwestern Taiwan. These samples, collected in typical dry and wet tropical monsoon seasons during 1999–2004, were analyzed for dissolved major and trace elements and Sr isotopes. Our results show that dissolved Na, Mg, Ca and Cl behave conservatively along the salinity gradient and display significantly larger fluxes in the wet seasons. Vertical profiles of the major elements reveal mainly two end-member mixing between the riverine freshwater and the seawater. Trace elements of B, Sr and U also display conservative distribution in the vertical profiles. In contrast, dissolved Ba and Mn were affected by uptake/release processes involving groundwater, benthic flux and water/sediment interactions. ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios also support a scenario of mixing between a more radiogenic continental source and the seawater. It appears that the wet season samples have higher trace element concentrations due to inputs from topsoils and atmospheric dusts. This implies that chemical compositions in river waters respond sensitively to regional climatic changes. The observed high fluxes of B and Sr in the Gaoping (Kaoping) River emphasize the potential impact of mountainous rivers on the global oceanic mass balance of these constituents.     

黄河口尾闾河道断面形态的萎缩调整规律研究

采用实测资料分析和理论探讨相结合的方法,研究了水沙过程变异条件下,黄河口尾闾河道断面形态萎缩调整规律。研究结果表明,1986年后,黄河口水沙过程发生显著变异,尾闾河道断面形态萎缩十分明显,平滩面积大幅度减小,平滩宽深比有所增大;2002年后,小浪底水库实施调水调沙运用,黄河口水沙过程变异有所缓解,尾闾河道断面形态萎缩有所恢复,平滩面积明显增大,平滩宽深比大幅度减小,断面形态朝着窄深方向调整。通过引入尾闾河道断面形态萎缩的判别指标,可解决治理尾闾河道萎缩缺乏控制标准的问题。     

“12·7”事故对珠江口区域溢油应急合作的启发

2004年发生于珠江口的“12·7”船舶碰撞溢油事故（以下简称“12·7”事故）被成功处置后,广东海事局在总结该事故处置经验的基础上,于2005年在珠江口开展了代号为“碧洋行动”的溢油应急演练。通过对“碧洋行动”设定的事故场景之一的推演和评估可以看到珠江口区域溢油应急合作对于该区域溢油事故应急处置的重要意义。     

船舶模拟器在引江济汉通航工程与长江交汇口布置中的应用

对采用船舶操纵模拟器进行通航建筑物平面布置优化的方法进行了论证,建立了代表船舶的操纵运动数学模型,并根据国家规范对代表船舶的操纵性进行了率定。用船舶操纵模拟器对引江济汉通航工程与长江交汇口的平面设计方案进行了研究,结果表明设计方案下代表船舶在交汇口的最大通航上限流量仅为15 000 m3/s,不满足设计要求。优化方案加大了上下游连接段的弯曲半径,进而提高了上下游航线的转弯半径,减小了航线上的横流,使船舶有足够的空间调顺船位。     

黄河石坪至河津段工程地质特征

从地貌、地质构造、地层、地震及有关地质现象等方面,介绍黄河石坪（乡守县）至河津（大石咀）段工程地质状况,对该河段在航运开发工作中的问题提出初步意见。     

草尾河阿弥石至响水坎段航道疏浚及效果分析

根据洞庭湖区草尾河阿弥石至响水坎11km河段滩群碍航特征,提出航道整治原则,通过物理模型试验优化了航道疏浚方案,工程竣工后的实测资料证明,整治效果显著。     

关于长江口深水航道维护条件与流域来水来沙关系的初步分析

长江口深水航道一、二期工程建成后，航道回淤量得到了控制。分析其原因，长江流域进入河口的泥沙近十多年来明显减少，但河口水体含沙量并未减少。河口下段由于存在明显的泥沙再悬浮过程，泥沙活动总量远大于流域来沙量。因此，在一定时期内，流域来沙减少不会显著改善航道的维护条件。另一方面，河相关系分析和实测地形资料表明，近十多年来长江口内沙洲面积持续减少，分析认为应与流域来沙减少和变细有关。一段时期内，河床演变趋于活跃，增加了泥沙活动，对航道维护有不利影响。     

《海轮长江安全航行与避让行为导则》实施若干问题探讨

文中着重对《海轮长江安全航行与避让行为导则》自颁布实施两年来在实际实施过程中产生的利与弊进行探讨,供有关方面人士参考。     

黄河潼关-三门峡段航运开发与展望

回顾黄河潼三段航运历史,分析规划中的航运工程在国民经济中的地位和作用,并结合黄河潼三段航运实施后可能出现的水质影响,提出具体保护措施。     

Using satellite observations of ocean color to categorize the dispersal patterns of river-borne substances in the Gaoping (Kaoping) River, Shelf and Canyon system

Mapping the water constituents from remotely sensed ocean color data enables a better understanding of the dispersal patterns of river-borne substances in the Gaoping (formerly spelled Kaoping) River, Shelf and Canyon (KPRSC) system. Based on twelve MODIS-Aqua images in the KPRSC region taken in 2005, we apply a newly developed GA-SA approach to derive maps of chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a), colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and non-algal particle/detritus/mineral (NAP). The results demonstrated that the different characteristics of Chl-a, CDOM and NAP make them ideal tracers for observing large-scale dispersal patterns. With ancillary information of averaged daily precipitation, the daily wind field obtained from QuikSCAT (Quick Scatterometer), and the 8-day composite of the temperature field obtained from MODIS-Aqua, we categorized the surface dispersal patterns as coastal, northwestward and frontal patterns. Also, for the first time, we observed a sudden increase of biomass on a large scale from a pair of ocean color images taken over only a 2-day interval. Another remarkable feature is the interaction between the southeastward flow and the intrusion of the Kuroshio Branch, resulting in complicated patterns with various scales of vortex structures and current fronts. The observed features could be used for model validation of the flow field of the KPRSC system.