Classification of Beach Erosion Vulnerability on the Yucatan Coast

Beach erosion can have important socioeconomic and environmental consequences, particularly in tropical regions where tourism is a significant source of income. Although caused by natural processes, erosion is often aggravated by disorderly anthropogenic modification of the coast and extreme events. In Yucatan, Mexico, increasing urban development and deficient coastal management strategies as well as hurricanes have affected beach stability. This has highlighted the need for adequate coastal planning and policies that ensure the protection of key coastal ecosystems, such as beaches and sand dunes. To address this, a methodology to classify the coast according to its vulnerability is presented in this work. This methodology assumes that morphological features are indicators of beach evolution and the processes driving it and that these can be associated with different levels of vulnerability. The features considered are beach width, dune vegetation, anthropogenic pressure, and shoreline orientation, which were analyzed through aerial images and a multicriteria evaluation. It was observed that the most vulnerable areas are found near the most developed parts of the coast, where narrow beaches with little dune vegetation dominate. It is expected that this index will be of use to coastal planners and decision makers, particularly in the identification of critical zones.     

A Review of Beach Bye-Law Usage in Supporting Coastal Management in Ireland

Coastal areas are commonly the focus of a range of human activities and uses. Beaches are one example of multi-use coastal environments, accommodating activities linked to leisure and recreation, amenity, conservation and business, often simultaneously. Ireland is no different in this regard, as its beach resources provide a range of goods and services of societal value. Ireland has 16 coastal counties and their associated local authorities have a beach management remit, a role that can present a number of challenges. The use of beach bye-laws is one option to support management of beach environments by local authorities. Local authority personnel tasked with beach management from each coastal local authority were surveyed to assess the actual and potential role of beach bye-laws in contributing to more effective management of beach environments and to broader coastal management. Usage of beach bye-laws varied across local authority areas and evidence suggested that the efficacy, use, and implementation of beach bye-laws differed from county to county. Beach bye-laws offer potential but interaction with other initiatives as part of a wider program for coastal management may yield improved results.     

Information Management in Beach Planning

Abstract

This article concerns optimizing the use of environmental information for creative planning. It arose from a detailed study of the status and management of the coastal dunes of New South Wales, Australia, and discusses the way in which ideas for optimizing the management process were developed, and applied to three beach environments on the coast of New South Wales, Australia.

The problem of coastal beach/dune management may be thought of as being similar to a production function in which the inputs are the land resource, the skills and knowledge of managers, finance, and materiel. The outcomes are in the form of experiences, or opportunities for experiences, either passive or active, either consumption values or option values, desired by the coastal user population (which includes the resource managers themselves). The resource manager's task is to manipulate the “production function”; in order that the outputs will best mesh with the expectations of the user population and with the capability of the land resource to deliver on a sustained basis. An aim of the project was to develop a method for the specification of different possible outputs from the production function, in different beach/dune environments, and that could be used to assist in the preparation of advice on appropriate recreational development, allowing decisions to be based on both environmental data and information on the expectations, activities, and amenity preferences of beach users.     

Review of Countermeasures against Beach Erosion on the Taiwanese Coast

Beach erosion is one of the most significant coastal preservation problems in the world. This study first briefly addresses the influences of human activity on beach erosion. The seriousness of beach erosion in Taiwan has received considerable attention since the 1960s, following rapid population growth and economic development in the coastal areas. Hard solutions of stabilized structures against beach erosion in Taiwan at that time are reviewed based on their effectiveness in protecting property and their ability to produce a landscape that harmonizes with the adjacent coastal environment. Soft coastal defense solutions implemented recently in coastal regions in Taiwan are introduced and their benefits are discussed. This study concludes that various methods designed to prevent wave- and current-induced beach erosion should be based on analyses of nearshore hydrodynamics, sediment transport, coastal processes, and physiographic features of beaches.     

An Alert System for Beach Hazard Management in the Balearic Islands

A real-time beach hazard level associated with nearshore hydrodynamics is presented in this article. The suitability of the discussed alert system is illustrated via its application to fifteen beaches in the Balearic Islands (Western Mediterranean Sea) providing nearshore safety conditions for beach safety manager. The system provides daily forecasts of nearshore wave conditions using the deep water wave forecasts. The shallow water wave data (wave height, period, and direction) together with the morphology of the site (presence of bars, capes, beach type, etc.) are used to define a hazard level (low, medium, and high) associated with local conditions. The resulting hazard level is transmitted via SMS to lifeguards and local authorities for real-time beach management. The low computational cost of this system after the initial implementation and subsequent calibration results in a very suitable approach for beach management in order to mitigate risks related to local hydrodynamics.     

工程项目管理中工期-费用-质量的权衡分析

根据集成管理的思想,通过质量衡量体系得到质量与工期和费用的敏感程度,基于工期和费用的优化,对工期、费用和质量做出综合的权衡分析。     

Development of Beach Analysis Tools for Caribbean Small Islands

Beach erosion presents a hazard to coastal tourism facilities, which provide the main economic thrust for most Caribbean small islands (CSIs). Ad hoc approaches to addressing this problem have given way to the integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) approach, which recommends data collection, analysis of coastal processes, and assessment of impacts. UNESCO's Coast and Beach Stability in the Caribbean (COSALC) project has provided most CSIs with an opportunity to monitor their beaches and collect over 10 years of data. Research has been directed at integrating these data with geographic information systems (GIS) and other information technologies to develop a prototype beach analysis and management system (BAMS) for CSIs. This article presents the results of phase I development of this effort, which includes the development of tools for integrating spatial and non-spatial coastal data, estimating long-term beach erosion/accretion and sand volume change trends at individual beaches, identifying erosion-sensitive beaches, and mapping beach erosion hazards. The Southeast Peninsula, St. Kitts, is used as a case study to develop these tools and demonstrate system functionality.     

高桩码头施工质量通病治理分析

高桩码头施工质量通病具有"小病难治"的特点,其本身的治理效果不仅同施工原材料质量状况、所采用的施工工艺、施工设备的种类、施工人员的操作水平有关,同时还与工程自身的结构特点、施工周边的环境、施工期间的天气与温度等因素有关[1]。因此,如何在既定的自然因素条件下,根据工程自身结构特点合理地优化施工工艺,便成为高桩码头质量通病治理的关键所在。     

公路工程施工阶段如何进行质量管理

从公路工程项目的质量管理目标入手,对施工现场的质量管理和公路工程质量常见问题进行了分析,并结合工作实践,提出了解决公路工程常见质量问题的对策与方法。从理论上和技术上研究和探讨了公路工程质量管理的方法和步骤。     

基于全面质量管理的港口工程钢筋连接数字化分析

为加强港口工程钢筋连接的全面质量管理,以京唐港某码头工程为依托,提出港口工程管理的内部质量和外部质量概念.根据西格玛管理的理念和现场钢筋连接的调查考证,将钢筋连接质量缺陷数字化,提出影响钢筋连接质量的关键因素.     

如何有效加强供方管理

文章针对科研单位承担舰船装备项目总成的情况,从合格供方的确定、供方的动态管理、外包供方的选择、供方资质的复核等几个方面阐述了科研单位如何通过对供方实施有效的管理来确保外包产品的质量。     

船舶企业质量成本分析管理

通过质量成本管理,用货币的语言将质量问题量化,不断改进质量,提高顾客满意度。同时通过质量成本管理,量化评价公司质量管理体系的有效性,降低质量损失,提高企业的经济效益。     

集装箱装卸设备采购项目管理中的约束条件和质量管理

以集装箱装卸设备采购工作为例,探讨项目管理中的约束条件(范围、费用、时间)与质量管理之间的关系,分析它们之间的相互作用和影响.     

港口统计分析在物资管理中的重要作用

对2005年烟台港客运公司的物资总量、燃油料和柴油消耗量与2004年作了比较,进行了分析,并对下一年物资工作作了调整。指出:定性定量的分析,比一般统计数据更集中、更系统地反映了客观实际,为在物资管理中合理限制库存,充分利用流动资金提供了可靠的科学依据。     

质量体系与质量管理的持续改进

简要回顾了我院实施“ISO9001(1994版)”和“ISO9001(2000版)”质量管理体系的持续改进和修订换版过程,进入体系的业务范围拓展过程,员工质量意识的不断增强和质量管理取得的部分成绩。     

Local Level Fisheries Management in Diani-Chale,Kenya: Current Status and Future Directions

The current regime of fisheries management and the prospects for attaining a more locally oriented, collaborative system of fisheries management in Diani-Chale, Kenya are examined. At present fisheries management in Diani-Chale is characterized by diminished government capacity for regulation, weakened local institutions, and little ability to exert control over the use of fisheries. Local level management requires the development and use of local institutions that can govern the use of fishery resources. The fish landing sites used by fishers and their associated fishing grounds were identified to be at the appropriate level for resolving fishery management issues. A more formal role for these entities, the clarification of fishing ground tenure and access rights, and support for the development and enforcement of local fishing rules can further local management. The socioeconomic condition of fishers, their fear of losing landing sites, and the continued perception of the imposition of a marine reserve pose barriers to initiatives seeking to further local level management.     

按ISM规则设计船舶机务管理系统

基于服务器/客户端数据通信的基础上,按照ISM规则要求,讨论了船舶机务管理系统的设计。对船舶机务管理模式与功能进行了较为详细的讨论,提出了现代船舶管理公司船舶管理信息网建设方案与用于船岸之间信息交换的途径。该系统对于提高ISM管理水平具有重大作用。     

Cultural Models of the Coast in Australia: Toward Sustainability

Cultural models of the coast affect—and are affected by—our marine ethics, frameworks for coastal ownership, and management practices. The coast can be seen as an ecosystem with intrinsic values, a commodity that can be bought and sold, a community place where people meet, a landscape with aesthetic appeal, a productive system that generates profits, a property to be managed, or a spiritual realm that relates to proper order and reverence. Each of these cultural constructions interacts with the others and this can create conflicts over rights and responsibilities. Each construction has implications for who should manage the coast, to what ends, and by what means. This article explores the negative and positive implications of seven cultural models to the Australian coast and makes suggestions about the value of Australian Indigenous and sustainability perspectives to a durable human relationship with the coast. Examples are drawn from recent coastal developments in Australia, such as Native Title debates, the marine protected area process, and Coastcare.     

Environmental causes of the fluctuations of red shrimp (Aristeus antennatus) landings in the Catalan Sea

The fluctuations of catches of the deep-sea shrimp Aristeus antennatus (Risso, 1816) were analysed in the 6 ports of Catalonia where production is concentrated, based on monthly landings from 1988 to 2004. The 6 selected ports produced 300 t of red shrimp in 2004, or 80% of the total production in Catalonia. The series for each port showed clear interannual variability, with peaks of production in the early 1990s and more recently from 2001 to 2003. The time periods of the monthly data series, estimated by frequency analysis based on Fourier transform, varied around 7–8 years in the four central ports and 12–13 years in the two northern ports. Additionally, the different curves were not in phase: even in nearby ports, the maximum production is observed in different years. Since the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index is an excellent proxy for long-term series of environmental variables, we aimed to explore relationships between the fluctuation of the NAO index and A. antennatus landings in the Catalan Sea. The correlation between the mean annual NAO index and the annual catches in each port was positive and significant with some time lags (from 1 to 3 years). The existence of clear patterns linking the NAO with marine ecological processes has been demonstrated in many studies, but the underlying ecological mechanisms are far from being well understood. The variations in environmental parameters linked to the NAO may act on biological organisms at different levels (individual, population) through physiology (metabolic and reproductive processes) or through trophic relationships, including ecological cascade effects. We propose that NAO-induced environmental variability may enhance food supply to A. antennatus and hence strengthen the reproductive potential of particular year classes, which result in increased catches 1 to 3 years later, although other possible effects of environmental variability on the population dynamics of this species are worth investigating.     

施工企业项目质量成本管理

质量和成本是工程项目两个重要的控制目标,质量成本管理就是将质量和成本结合起来的一种管理方式,它通过预测、计划、控制、考核等手段,在保证工程质量的情况下降低成本,达到提高经济效益的目的.文章对质量成本管理方法进行阐述.