Preface and Acknowledgments

Abstract

The term “mitigation”; has been used in connection with habitat losses attributable to federal water projects as early as the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 and the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1934. Most of the current requirements to mitigate habitat losses associated with water development projects apply to wetlands, as they are biologically productive and have been destroyed at an increasing rate during recent years by developers seeking prime land in the coastal zone. A case study of the Port of Coos Bay and the City of North Bend, Oregon, provides an actual experience of estuarine mitigation in a dredging project and an airport fill. The case was developed as part of a larger curriculum research study for seaport management. This article is primarily written as a case with a brief introduction and discussion of mitigation requirements, followed by the text of the case and ending with a series of hypotheses for further research.     

State ocean policy initiatives in Florida

Abstract

A territorial sea comprising 6.7 million acres of offshore lands extending three geographic miles into the Atlantic Ocean three marine leagues (nine geographic miles) into the Gulf of Mexico makes Florida the second largest “oceanowning”; state in the contiguous United States. Florida's history, climate, economic development, and worldwide reputation have evolved from the state's relationship with the sea. The state is now becoming aware that aggressive management of its ocean resources is necessary to preserve the future of that relationship. The purpose of this article is to present some of Florida's recent legal and policy initiatives that have been directed toward better understanding and management of ocean resources and uses.     

滩海工程环境因子与人工岛工程相互作用初探

综合国内外人工岛现状和相关研究,初步探讨分析了滩海工程环境因子与滩海工程的相互作用,结果提出了与滩海构筑物相互作用的关键环境因素为风浪、强潮流、海冰、海底地质灾害4个因子,并最终以泥沙迁移和海床失稳两种方式与构筑物相互影响。     

An Alert System for Beach Hazard Management in the Balearic Islands

A real-time beach hazard level associated with nearshore hydrodynamics is presented in this article. The suitability of the discussed alert system is illustrated via its application to fifteen beaches in the Balearic Islands (Western Mediterranean Sea) providing nearshore safety conditions for beach safety manager. The system provides daily forecasts of nearshore wave conditions using the deep water wave forecasts. The shallow water wave data (wave height, period, and direction) together with the morphology of the site (presence of bars, capes, beach type, etc.) are used to define a hazard level (low, medium, and high) associated with local conditions. The resulting hazard level is transmitted via SMS to lifeguards and local authorities for real-time beach management. The low computational cost of this system after the initial implementation and subsequent calibration results in a very suitable approach for beach management in order to mitigate risks related to local hydrodynamics.     

Development of a Human Use Objectives Framework for Integrated Management of the Eastern Scotian Shelf

Under the 1997 Oceans Act, Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) is required to lead and facilitate the development of integrated management plans for Canada's oceans. One of the integrated management projects is the Eastern Scotian Shelf Integrated Management Initiative (ESSIM), through which DFO is working with a range of stakeholders to develop and implement an integrated ocean management plan for the eastern Scotian Shelf. As part of this Initiative, DFO has undertaken a program to develop a set of objectives and related indicators for ocean management. This includes the development of a framework, objectives, and indicators for human use of the resource including the social, economic, and institutional (governance) components of ocean management, areas that have received little attention internationally. This article provides some background to ESSIM and human uses of the resources of the eastern Scotian Shelf; briefly reviews objectives-based management and human use objectives internationally; outlines the process undertaken to develop the Human Use Objectives Framework; presents the resultant objectives and indicators that were developed; and highlights some of the lessons learned and challenges for their implementation.     

中美潮流能资源开发利用发展对比

对比了中美两国潮流能的发展。在政策导向方面,美国在海洋能政策方面以产业推广为目标,而中国在海洋能政策方面以基础研究为重点。在技术发展现状上,通过两国规模最大的潮流能项目对比,我国在单机规模、变桨距方面优于美国,总体技术水平进步较快,但是在装置可靠性、装置产业化方面有待开展更深入的工作。     

An Interdisciplinary Analysis of Beach Management in the Catalan Coast (North-Western Mediterranean)

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of beach management in the Catalan coast (NW Mediterranean) by introducing and integrating results from different partial projects. They analyzed the legal, political, and administrative framework of beach management, the quality tools available, the practices of management, the processes of beach use, and beach waste/litter dynamics. The information obtained served to create a new beach management tool referred to as the Beach Quality Index, which was developed by an interdisciplinary team of academics from the natural/physical sciences and social sciences that worked together during the course of four years. Information obtained from users and key stakeholders served to create the index. The study demonstrated that as a consequence of the shortcomings in the legal and administrative system as well as inadequate practices of beach managers, beach management in the area experiences coordination problems, insufficient information and lack of proactive management, pollution, and in general problems associated with the satisfaction of short-term user demands.     

Regional fishery management councils: The federal perspective

Abstract

Under the Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, the federal government cooperates with states, the fishing industry, and public constituencies to regulate fisheries. This paper notes changes in U.S. fisheries over the last decade, remarks on the effectiveness of the Act, and makes suggestions for an improved fishery management process.     

船舶替代能源的发展与展望分析

从宏观角度对能源形式进行溯源,指出了船舶和海洋结构物对能源应用的特点,并对各种可能用于船舶和海洋结构物上的风能、太阳能、潮汐能、海流能、可燃冰、氢气能、核能、生物柴油等新能源的进展和利弊进行分析和展望。最后对传统能源的集约化应用进行了简要论述。     

面向风帆助航的海洋风力资源分析方法

为分析风帆助航条件下海洋风力资源对远洋船舶的辅助推力,将风场与航线数据在电子海图上叠加显示.通过设计算法,建立任意航线上风向变化与色彩变化的映射关系,以色彩的变化直观显示航迹带内的风向分布特征,利用矩阵实验室(MATLAB)对海洋风场数据进行读取和可视化,并对风速进行统计分析.研究结果表明,海上风速、风向在一定海域内保持稳定,为航行船舶风帆助航的可行性以及最优航线设计提供了理论依据和数据支持.     

固化土充泥袋技术在滩涂开发工程中的应用

工程实践表明,固化土冲泥袋在滩涂开发围海造陆工程中是一项值得推广的新技术。它具有施工成本低、效率高、质量易于控制的优点,同时具有在其它工程中进一步开发的空间。     

Classification of Beach Erosion Vulnerability on the Yucatan Coast

Beach erosion can have important socioeconomic and environmental consequences, particularly in tropical regions where tourism is a significant source of income. Although caused by natural processes, erosion is often aggravated by disorderly anthropogenic modification of the coast and extreme events. In Yucatan, Mexico, increasing urban development and deficient coastal management strategies as well as hurricanes have affected beach stability. This has highlighted the need for adequate coastal planning and policies that ensure the protection of key coastal ecosystems, such as beaches and sand dunes. To address this, a methodology to classify the coast according to its vulnerability is presented in this work. This methodology assumes that morphological features are indicators of beach evolution and the processes driving it and that these can be associated with different levels of vulnerability. The features considered are beach width, dune vegetation, anthropogenic pressure, and shoreline orientation, which were analyzed through aerial images and a multicriteria evaluation. It was observed that the most vulnerable areas are found near the most developed parts of the coast, where narrow beaches with little dune vegetation dominate. It is expected that this index will be of use to coastal planners and decision makers, particularly in the identification of critical zones.     

海洋环境水下电磁场相关特性分析

海洋环境水下电磁场可以分为天然电磁场和人为因素电磁场,因而时域波形中既有随机成分也存在周期成分。论文通过分析浅海近岸多点测试的海洋环境水下电磁场数据,研究了不同条件下环境电磁场的相关特性。分析结果表明,由于海水运动的规律性导致环境电磁场在低频段的相关性很强,可以通过自适应抵消技术抑制海洋环境水下电磁场。     

浮式生产储油船设计环境资料分析

根据某浮式生产储油船(FPSO)设计海域的环境资料,提供了短期统计特征及其长期分布律和迁航海域海况的分析计算结果,成为系泊结构物定位与环境荷载计算以及结构强度与疲劳分析的前处理模块。     

中小型集装箱船发展趋势分析

在对集装箱船大型化发展现状分析的基础上,指出了中小型集装箱船发展中值得关注的趋势,提出了中小型集装箱船更符合柔性化运输服务的需求,给出了中小型集装箱船发展前景看好的结论。     

Cyclone Mitigation Perspectives in the Islands of Bangladesh: A Case of Sandwip and Hatia Islands

Most coastal areas of the world are now at risk from natural hazards such as cyclones, storm surges, beach erosions, tsunamis, sea level rises, and so on, resulting from geological and meteorological disturbances. In Bangladesh, during premonsoon and post-monsoon periods cyclone and tidal surges are considered the most catastrophic phenomena in coastal regions, including islands. Most coastal island residents of Bangladesh have been facing cyclones for centuries. The present study establishes a comparison between two neighboring islands, Sandwip and Hatia, of the Meghna estuary with respect to disaster reaction and management. Based on a questionnaire survey and observations, the study shows that the inhabitants of Hatia are more aware of and confident in disaster management than the inhabitants of Sandwip. Residents of both islands in the Meghna estuary have established trust in the warning signals following the heavy devastation of great cyclones of 1970, 1985, 1991, and 1997. The residents of Hatia have been facing cyclones and tidal surges more frequently than the residents of Sandwip due to the island's geographical location. In addition, shelter management and relief management are better developed in Hatia than Sandwip.     

21世纪欧盟海事综合政策的管理框架解析

为直面21世纪的全球化竞争、气候变化、海洋环境和海上安保、能源安全和可持续发展等挑战,欧盟委员会在各成员国为期一年的专题磋商和分析之后,于2007年10月颁布了欧盟海事综合政策,以确保海洋资源的综合管理。文中从根本原则,基本理论和最终目标,主要内容这三方面,对21世纪欧盟海事综合政策的管理框架进行详细全面的阐述.