Public Stakeholders' Perception of ICZM and Coastal Erosion in the Mediterranean

The Mediterranean area plays a pivotal role within the definition and implementation of regional strategies for integrated coastal zone management (ICZM). Under the umbrella of the Regional Framework Operation BeachMed-e, a research project was carried out in five Mediterranean EU regions (East Macedonia and Thrace in Greece, Lazio, Liguria, and Emilia Romagna in Italy and Languedoc-Roussillon in France), in order to study the different approaches to ICZM that have been applied and also to test new approaches to these regions. The aim of this article is to present and discuss the results of the common surveys conducted in order to investigate the institutional stakeholders’ perception on ICZM in the five Mediterranean regions considered. The results are presented region by region, while comparisons are carried out among regions. Summarizing the results it can be stated that some differences and common problems affecting the coastal decision-makers of the five Mediterranean regions considered were identified. Particularly, stakeholders involved in coastal management generally perceived a lack of collaboration and a poor information exchange in all the regions, resulting sometimes in a lack of awareness on coastal erosion issues.     

Some economic aspects of conflicts over land use in the coastal zone

Abstract

Recent land use legislation pays particular attention to the coastal zone where age‐old conflicts have recently accelerated. Flexibility is required in policy because visible conflicts are tied into complex physical and social systems which may require changing patterns of land use over time. Public policy is altering property rights and a thorough understanding of the economic and social roles played by those rights is required. Economic models can be used to understand some major changes such as types of alteration of the environment, but may be ignored or misused unless a better understanding of coastal decision processes is developed.     

The social and political economy of coastal zone management: Shrimp mariculture in Ecuador

Abstract

The paper examines the applicability of First World CZM policy for the Third World by focusing on Ecuador's shrimp mariculture, an industry whose explosive growth has reshaped the coastal zone and generated problems threatening loss of the resource base itself. This has led to recognized need for CZM and movement by development agencies to transfer the CZ policies of developed countries. Against this background, the analysis explores local concepts of investment and conservation, the role of government and law, and the influence of the social economy on mariculture development. It illuminates how local use and management of coastal resources is inseparable from specifically Ecuadorean cultural concepts, institutions, and practices. This places in relief the salient differences between management in the First and Third Worlds, illuminating how coastal zone management must not only be internally consistent, but cognizant of and integrated into the prevailing social, economic, and political conditions.     

Climate Change and Tourist Comfort on Europe's Beaches in Summer: A Reassessment

Major impacts of climate change have been projected for tourism in Europe. Typically, these projections took general tourism activities such as sight-seeing and their climate requirements as their point of reference. The purpose of this study is to reassess the impact of climate change, by looking specifically at beach tourism in summer, a crucial market segment in Europe and more specifically in the Mediterranean. As beach tourism requires relatively high temperatures, relatively modest shifts in attractiveness are found. With respect to climate, the Mediterranean is likely to remain Europe's prime region for summer-time beach tourism for at least the next 50 years. Coastal managers in Mediterranean destinations are advised to focus some of their attention on other climate change impacts such as sea-level rise or water availability, and include environmental quality and diversification of activities in their deliberations. In non-Mediterranean regions, a promising strategy may be to focus on short- and medium-distance visitors who can take advantage of the new opportunities for beach tourism, and to explore the merits of seasonal climate forecasting.     

Review of Countermeasures against Beach Erosion on the Taiwanese Coast

Beach erosion is one of the most significant coastal preservation problems in the world. This study first briefly addresses the influences of human activity on beach erosion. The seriousness of beach erosion in Taiwan has received considerable attention since the 1960s, following rapid population growth and economic development in the coastal areas. Hard solutions of stabilized structures against beach erosion in Taiwan at that time are reviewed based on their effectiveness in protecting property and their ability to produce a landscape that harmonizes with the adjacent coastal environment. Soft coastal defense solutions implemented recently in coastal regions in Taiwan are introduced and their benefits are discussed. This study concludes that various methods designed to prevent wave- and current-induced beach erosion should be based on analyses of nearshore hydrodynamics, sediment transport, coastal processes, and physiographic features of beaches.     

永定新河淤积机理探讨

根据已有的实测资料,对永定新河河道的潮流及其输沙特性进行初步分析,试图探求淤积机理.建立淤积量估算方法.     

通州湾港区围填海工程起步方案比较

围填海工程在促进区域经济发展的同时会对周边海域滩槽形态、生态环境产生一定的影响。以通州湾港区起步工程为例,通过建立潮流数学模型,模拟南黄海辐射沙脊群海域的潮流形态。在此基础上,比较了两套不同围填海开发方案对工程区域滩面的冲淤影响。从整体上看,两套方案对工程周边海域的海底冲淤产生明显影响,但随着时间的推移趋于平衡。基于目前的模拟结果,先期实施离岸式的二港池更有利于维持小庙洪水道的畅通以及滩涂资源的保护。     

5米以下游船水上旅游活动安全监管研究

随着景区水上旅游业的日益兴盛,水上旅游船舶的监管已成为各海事机构日常监管中的重中之重,文中分析了5米以下船舶监管存在的明显问题,结合当前的发展实际,提出做好顶层设计、细化部门责任、明确治理方式的相关建议。     

Classification of Beach Erosion Vulnerability on the Yucatan Coast

Beach erosion can have important socioeconomic and environmental consequences, particularly in tropical regions where tourism is a significant source of income. Although caused by natural processes, erosion is often aggravated by disorderly anthropogenic modification of the coast and extreme events. In Yucatan, Mexico, increasing urban development and deficient coastal management strategies as well as hurricanes have affected beach stability. This has highlighted the need for adequate coastal planning and policies that ensure the protection of key coastal ecosystems, such as beaches and sand dunes. To address this, a methodology to classify the coast according to its vulnerability is presented in this work. This methodology assumes that morphological features are indicators of beach evolution and the processes driving it and that these can be associated with different levels of vulnerability. The features considered are beach width, dune vegetation, anthropogenic pressure, and shoreline orientation, which were analyzed through aerial images and a multicriteria evaluation. It was observed that the most vulnerable areas are found near the most developed parts of the coast, where narrow beaches with little dune vegetation dominate. It is expected that this index will be of use to coastal planners and decision makers, particularly in the identification of critical zones.     

长江中游护滩工程边缘防冲促淤水草垫结构试验

通过分析航道整治护滩工程边缘防冲促淤结构不足,提出水草垫结构,并开展定床和动床模型试验,研究不同倒伏程度、不同布置形式、不同水动力条件下水草垫的防冲促淤效果。结果表明:当流速较小时叶片弯曲幅度较小;流速增加至0.3 m/s时,叶片弯曲幅度较大;流速增至0.73 m/s时,叶片弯幅度增加较小。叶片倒伏60°情况,水草垫稀疏布置,防护效果较好;倒伏75°情况,水草垫密集布置,其防护效果较好。当来流速度较大时,水草垫区域内有较大淤积幅度,但淤积范围明显缩窄,侧缘坡度较陡,防护效果并不理想。在此基础上,确定了水草垫结构。     

波浪和潮流共同作用下的输沙问题

基于紊流中的泥沙受紊动支撑才得以悬浮的基本认识,从能量平衡原理出发,导出了潮流、波浪以及波、流共同作用下的悬移质挟沙能力及输沙率公式.野外和室内资料验证表明了公式的合理性,进而表明了公式所依据的基本理论的普适性。     

悬移质不平衡输沙水流挟沙能力

本文从悬移质挟沙能力的基本概念出发,推导出悬移质非均匀沙平衡输沙的挟沙能力及不平衡输沙的挟沙能力公式,这些公式进一步揭示了非均匀沙的输沙机理,全面地描述了各种河床组成在不同的来水来沙条件下的输沙规律,适用性广,计算简便。     

水环境承载能力模型在崔家营船舶发展规模预测中的应用

分析水环境承载能力的内涵,以零维水质模型为基础,提出水环境承载能力的计算方法。基于保护水环境和船舶发展的制约关系,建立水环境承载能力与船舶发展规模的关联模型,预测研究区域未来船舶可发展的规模,同时提出提高水环境承载能力的主要途径。     

如何确定耙吸船最佳装舱时间

提高耙吸船开挖密实粉细砂的施工效率是疏浚工程界不断探索的问题,而采用最佳装舱时间是提高耙吸船挖砂效率最有效的方法之一。结合锦州港301泊位工程港池粉细砂的疏浚施工,通过对有效载重曲线和小时效率曲线的分析,简要介绍最佳装舱时间的计算。     

Environmental Protection in Coastal Recreation Sites in Antalya,Turkey

This study was designed to evaluate different approaches to the protection of the environments of coastal recreation sites in and around Antalya, Turkey. Data was collected by means of a survey of coastal recreation sites and six categories were evaluated: environmental protection, infrastructure facilities, water conservation, energy conservation, waste management, and protection of the natural environment. The results indicated that there was a clear motivation among site managers or authorities for environmental protection (p < .05), infrastructure facilities (p < .001), water conservation (p < .05), energy conservation (p < .05) and the protection of the natural environment (p < .001) but waste management was not accorded a priority. The quality of coastal recreation largely relies on the attractiveness and naturalness of the environment. Although good quality site management largely depends on the awareness and willingness of individual site managers, more proactive approaches toward better environmental protection of recreation sites along the Turkish Mediterranean coast might be effective in improving their sustainable use, particularly in the absence of proper site planning.     

保滩护岸工程及生态措施应用

针对国内海岸侵蚀现状严峻的问题,对保滩护岸的主要内容及现有的保滩护岸方式进行研究,分析常用工程措施和生态措施的优缺点,并结合实际案例,对现有保滩护岸中的应用模式进行总结。通过多方面对比,发现生态措施能够弥补传统工程措施的不足,充分利用生态环境形成保滩护岸的柔性屏障,符合我国生态文明建设的需要,生态措施在保滩护岸工程中具有良好的应用前景。