Inclusionary housing in the California coastal zone

Abstract

This article evaluates the performance of the California Coastal Commission's inclusionary housing program by examining: (1) the scope of the housing regulations, (2) initial permit decisions on residential projects, (3) the disposition of these permits overtime, and (4) the composition of completed projects and a best‐case projection of possible project completions. Using a case study of Southern California, factors affecting program success are discussed, including the effects of the various regulations, the availability of project subsidies, local government permit policies, and housing market fluctuations. The authors conclude that such state regulatory programs cannot be expected to succeed in urbanized coastal areas without incentives for developers and augmented state agency authority, superseding local land use controls.     

Integrating visual management into the coastal zone planning process: The Massachusetts experience

Abstract

This paper concerns the limitations on integrating visual management into the coastal zone planning process as exemplified by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, a state with a strong tradition of “home rule”; and a CZM implementation program based on a “networking”; of existing state authorities. The implications of the Massachusetts experience are that: (a) management of esthetic resources at the state level continues to be much less of a priority than management of ecological resources such as wetlands or floodplains; (b) visual management has yet to engender a strongly supportive constituency beyond that concerned with historic preservation; (c) project review focusing on visual impacts may be a more appropriate activity for local rather than state government; and (d) the technical aspects of visual management or impact assessment are far more advanced than their political acceptability. Political realities, together with the decision that implementation of the program should be based on a networking of existing authorities, thus determined the degree to which visual management could be incorporated into the state's program. As a result, the program's principal instruments of visual management became a strengthening of existing programs such as Wild and Scenic Rivers, reliance on wetland protection statutes to indirectly protect natural scenic values, and the use of the federal consistency provisions of the Coastal Zone Management Act to foster focused growth patterns through provision of publicly funded infrastructures. Esthetically oriented project review, with the exception of potential impacts on historic sites, was left to the discretion of local government, and a technical assistance program was created to provide funding or professional skills to communities interested in developing their own esthetic controls or design review processes. Maine, Rhode Island, and other New England states have followed a similar course.     

The use of digital filter initialization to diagnose the mesoscale circulation and vertical motion in the California coastal transition zone

A dynamical method of initializing the primitive equations is tested and used to diagnose the three-dimensional circulation associated with jets and eddies as found in the California coastal transition zone (CTZ). The initialization method, referred to as digital filter initialization (DFI), was recently developed by [Monthly Weather Review 120 (1992) 1019] for use in an intermittent data assimilation system in the atmosphere. The ability of DFI to recover the mesoscale ageostrophic circulation associated with finite amplitude jets and eddies in the ocean is first demonstrated using control data produced by simulations with a primitive equation model. The DFI method is then applied to synoptic hydrographic data collected during several California CTZ surveys in the summer of 1988. The diagnostic results indicate the existence of jets, eddies, and filaments in the CTZ domain with maximum horizontal currents of the order of 0.6 m/s at the surface. Currents associated with such jets and filaments are coherent to a depth of over 500 m. The surface currents associated with a prominent cool filament are generally confluent, and weakly convergent on average, along the 270 km offshore extent of the filament. Meanders in the jet display convergence and downwelling upstream of pressure troughs and divergence and upwelling downstream of the troughs. Maximum vertical velocities at 100 m are of the order of 10 m/day. This result is consistent with independent estimates of subduction rates made from biological studies in this and similar coastal filaments in the CTZ program.     

The future of the American seaman

This paper analyses the occupational future of the American merchant seaman. Reasons for the decline, foreign competition, technological change, effective manning and the feast or famine cycle are analysed. Strategies for the resurgence of the occupation are discussed.     

The future of the American seaman

This paper analyses the occupational future of the American merchant seaman. Reasons for the decline, foreign competition, technological change, effective manning and the feast or famine cycle are analysed. Strategies for the resurgence of the occupation are discussed.     

涌动的长江——长江航运的现在与未来

1984年，党中央国务院根据经济发展及体制改革的需要，果断决策，实施长江航运体制改革，分别成立了交通部长江航务管理局和长江轮船总公司，实行政企分开、港航分管、港口双重管理和“有水大家行船”政策，到2002年港口全部下放地方管理，实现了政企分开。     

极地航行船舶及海洋平台防冰和除冰技术研究进展

  目的  为满足深海冰区海洋核反应堆安全工作的要求,设计冰区核电平台与弹簧阻尼连接机构。  方法  利用三维势流理论及刚体动力学理论建立平台与连接机构的仿真模型。计算平台所受弹簧阻尼力,研究连接机构刚度、阻尼系数特性,选择最佳方案。应用离散元法进行冰载荷数值模拟,通过计算试验椎体所受冰载荷,验证该方法的准确性。研究浪、风、流或海冰、风、流环境载荷联合作用下平台的运动响应。  结果  结果显示,平台系泊于深海冰区可远离海啸的影响,环境承载平台能较好抵抗冰载荷;在连接机构与系泊系统的作用下,核堆支撑平台可抵御福岛核泄漏事故最大海啸波高与17级超强台风的联合作用;在北海万年一遇风暴作用下,核堆支撑平台的水平位移与水深之比、垂荡与纵摇响应及垂向加速度均小于海上浮动核电平台（OFNP）。  结论  核电平台与连接机构的设计可保证应用于深海冰区的核堆的安全稳定。     

天津近海沿岸雾的分析

通过多年的水文气象资料分析，找出天津近海沿岸雾发生时间及特点，为分析预报海雾提供参考依据，更好地为海上作业服务。     

水利建设项目实行代建制必要性的探讨

根据水利建设项目的特点,以及在水利工程项目法人制实施中出现的主要问题,结合代建制对政府投资项目的优势,阐述了水利建设项目实行代建制的必要性。     

澳大利亚绩效审计的经验及借鉴

20世纪70年代以来,绩效审计已经成为大部分国家政府审计的主流,在发达国家绩效审计已经占到审计工作总量的2/3。而我国由于起步较晚,国家审计工作目前仍以传统的财务审计为主,绩效审计处于试验和探索阶段。本文介绍了澳大利亚绩效审计的主要经验,结合我国国情,对我国绩效审计工作实践提出几点意见和建议。     

中小船厂:阳光总在风雨后

造船业的江湖,向来都是强者为王。人们在仰视那一个个行业巨无霸时,时常会忘记在这些巨人的阴影下,还顽强地生长着一股非凡的力量,他们遭受过无人问津的冷遇,也尝到过洽谈失败的苦果,但他们却凭借着大胆开拓、细心策划的市场营销方式,无惧一次又一次的挫折,在优胜劣汰的市场大潮中愈挫愈勇,终于找到适合自己的发展之路。不论世人如何忽视,无论行业老大如何鄙视,当他们逐渐摆脱了那阴影的笼罩,身影愈渐清晰地走入世人的视线之时,他们那鲜活的生命力,在让人们收获了无心插柳柳成荫的意外之喜后,也不禁深深反思来时之路。     

海岸船舶交通监控系统研究与实现

船舶交通监控系统是保证船舶交通安全的一种有效手段,先进的监控系统能够极大地提高船舶航行的效率、有效保护海洋的生态环境。本文以VTS系统为基础,对VTS系统处理速度慢、分析能力差的缺点进行改进,给出基于VTS的船舶交通监控系统。该系统能够有效改善海岸船舶交通监控系统的信息管理效率。     

FPSO的发展概况及趋势

对FPSO的基本结构及其设计要点以及在国内外的发展情况做了概述,并通过FPSO与其他形式的平台及油轮的比较说明了其技术经济性好等一系列优点.FPS0适于深海和边际油田开发,对我国的海洋事业向深海发展具有重要意义.     

The status quo of RMB and the forecast of its future

A sensible currency policy is one of the most important ways a country controls its economy.     

各国对海上搜救的奖励机制

为了表彰在海上搜救中体现出来的人道主义精神以及长期为海上搜救志愿服务的行为,激励更多的人加入到海上搜救志愿服务队伍中来,同时也使海上安全文化得到大力宣传,各沿海国家大都对海上搜救设置了各种各样的奖励。文中重点对美国、加拿大、爱尔兰以及我国等不同国家奖励设置进行总结,为改善我国的海上搜救激励机制提供参考。     

船舶火灾的近况分析和未来对策

我国平均每年发生船舶火灾事故约24起,所造成直接经济损失超过千万元。所以对船舶火灾的进一步分析,寻找船舶火灾的根本原因,为船舶将来的消防工作提供对策,就显得更为重要了。     

Cooperative tourism and the coastal zone

Abstract

Most tourist development takes place in the coastal zone. Concentrated tourist use continues in spite of opposition by groups who feel that any tourism, especially international, threatens both the natural environment and local values. Although shorelines and “coastscapes”; belong to all, decisions regarding them are made by relatively few. The number of community organizations involved in coastal zone management decisions varies from almost none in some Third World countries to dozens in places like Hawaii or California. Constructive use of coastal zones requires an understanding of the interactions between biophysical and social systems. Planning tourism in this context requires that all groups with an interest in the coastal zone join in a new “cooperative tourism”; in which all contribute to decisions and face ultimate responsibilities.