日本交通安全对策的借鉴与启示

尽管日本的机动车保有量和交通事故数量高于我国,但日本交通事故死亡人数远远低于我国。论文在综合介绍日本道路交通安全对策的基础上,将交通事故发生数量和交通事故造成的死亡数量与日本的乘用车保有量进行回归分析,并以虚拟变量的形式考虑了交通安全相关对策对交通事故量和死亡人数的影响。从分析结果可以看出,交通事故的发生量和死亡人数与乘用车的保有量有很大相关性,但是交通安全的相关对策对交通事故的降低和死亡人数的减少有重大影响,这对我国交通安全管理措施的制定和完善提供了积极的借鉴和启示。     

欧洲儿童交通安全防护措施及启示

以具体的事故数据为支撑,指出我国儿童交通安全防护措施的不足和问题,同时介绍了欧洲儿童交通安全防护措施。在总结欧洲先进经验的基础上,从政策、立法层面提出改善我国儿童交通安全防护措施的建议,以期为相关工作提供参考。     

济青高速公路改扩建的交通组织设计

济青高速公路改扩建工程是在充分利用旧路的基础上,通过增加行车道数量来提高通行能力和服务水平,交通组织设计坚持施工期间不中断交通,以安全通行为目标,采取限制车速和车型分流方式,通过一系列有效的交通管理和工程管理措施,将改扩建施工对主线的交通影响降至较低程度,实现了改扩建期间不中断交通的既定目标,使工程进度、工程质量和交通安全达到了协调统一。     

国省干道交通安全设施存在问题及控制措施分析

近年来,国家对国省干道的改造工作非常重视,加大了国省干道的改造力度。交通安全设施作为道路工程的附属设施,它对排除各种纵、横向干扰,减轻事故的严重程度,提供视线诱导,改善道路景观,提高道路服务水平等起着重要的作用。因此,对交通安全设施工程的质量进行管理控制非常重要。本文对国省干道交通安全设施工程建设的特点以及目前存在的一些问题进行了研究分析,并提出了一些交通安全设施工程的质量控制措施,期望能对国省干道交通安全设施工程的建设具有一定的参考意义。     

车速与交通事故综合研究

随着人们对交通安全问题日益关注,道路交通安全技术和相关研究也得以快速发展。分析车速对交通事故率及事故严重程度的影响,建立车速与交通事故率和事故严重程度2者之间的相关关系。研究发现,车速偏差越大,事故率越高;事故冲撞前后车速变化越大,事故越严重。由此可知,车速对交通安全有显著影响。     

长下坡路段避险车道入口设计速度取值方法分析

为了改善长下坡路段车辆的交通安全状况,在连续下坡路段设置避险车道是减轻事故严重程度的重要被动应急措施,也是为长下坡路段失控车辆提供强制减速的最为有效的安全防护工程措施.该文通过对中国高速公路长下坡路段事故特征的分析,对避险车道入口设计速度的影响因素进行了研究,提出了避险车道入口设计速度的取值方法.     

浅谈机动车检测

我国的机动车检测一直以来是政府垄断的行业。上世纪60年代,对机动车实行检测主要是依据《机动车管理办法》。由于当时机动车辆数量很少．检测并没有形成市场。直到上世纪80年代,为了保障交通安全,减少事故发生率,交通部开始在全国公路运输和车辆管理系统筹建机动车综合性能检测站。随之．我国车辆检测行业形成了两大检测系统：一是公安车管系统监管的机动车安全性能一年一次的检测．     

美国关于行车交通安全的研究（下）

测量和估算车辆在发生事故前后的速度, 是开展与行车速度及速度限制相关的交通安全研究的基础和关键之所在! 但是,目前我国在这方面开展的工作和技术手段都极其有限, 这也是目前我国关于行车速度及速度限制。与交通安全关系的研究很少的重姜原因之一。因此,我国的道路建设和管理部门有必要增加道路测速点的设置, 运用各种手段科学地测量和计算车辆行车速度;并且, 各地道路交通事故处理部门也要重视事故车辆在发生事故前后车速的采集。     

无控制交叉口交通安全影响因素分析

为了探究无控制交叉口的交通安全影响因素,降低无控制交叉口的事故风险与安全隐患,采用间接安全评价方法——交通冲突技术分析了成都市7个无控制交叉口。首先,以后侵入时间作为冲突严重程度的定量指标,将冲突严重程度分为潜在、一般、严重冲突这3个有序等级。再采用广义有序logit模型全面鉴别对冲突严重程度具有显著影响的车、路和环境等相关因素。然后,通过边际效应计算反映各种影响因素对交通冲突严重程度等级的影响作用程度。研究结果表明,发生分流、合流及直角冲突的严重程度普遍高于追尾冲突;交叉口车流量、交叉口是否渠化、车辆是否停车等都会显著影响冲突严重程度。其中发生分流、合流和直角冲突时,其严重冲突发生概率分别提高29.4%,38.5%和25.6%,冲突车辆未停车让行导致严重冲突发生的概率提高11.5%,而渠化交叉口可使严重冲突的发生概率降低17.3%。最后根据模型回归和边际效应计算结果,有针对性地提出了无控制交叉口的安全改善建议。     

日本改善儿童交通安全的九方面措施

<正>近年来我国死于道路交通事故的12岁以下儿童的比例始终维持在一个较高的水平,国家相关部门有必要深入分析此类事故的形态、地点、时间等特征及事故成因,针对性地采取措施,切实提升儿童交通安全水平。本文汇总整理了《日本第九次交通安全计划》中与改善儿童道路交通安全相关的九方面措施,期望能对相关单位和人员科学预防涉及儿童的道路交通事故有所借鉴。     

双车道等级公路路侧事故预测模型研究

借鉴国内外事故预测模型(也称安全性能函数SPF)研究领域的最新成果,收集了31条双车道公路(总里程约740 km)的事故、交通量和线形数据,采用了泊松、负二项、零堆积泊松和零堆积负二项四种统计概率分布,从路侧事故数、路侧事故死亡人数、路侧事故受伤人数三方面对路侧事故规律进行了研究,通过弹性分析从量化的角度给出了道路几何条件、交通量水平与构成等指标与路侧安全的关系。     

The need for building role models for motorcycle riders' education in the kingdom of Cambodia

In Cambodia, a rider's license is not required for motorcycles below 125?cc. and 73% of traffic accident fatalities among persons aged 15–19?years involve unlicensed riders. Motorcycle riding differs from automobile driving in that motorcycle riding reflects the rider's skill to a much greater degree, so unskilled riding is much more highly correlated with accidents. Going forward, in addition to gaining knowledge from traffic safety education, motorcycle riders should also learn basic specific motorcycle techniques. In particular, having riders learn and practice the three key tasks in motorcycle riding (breaking, leaning, and exiting) is effective at curbing the number of motorcycle accidents. In a new initiative aimed at improving riding skill, university students, instructors, and police officers were given practical riding instruction on a course using pylons. Program participants were able to learn riding techniques in an enjoyable setting, while seeing the potential for becoming motorcycle riding role models.     

基于事故特征耦合影响的城市道路交通事故影响分析

城市道路交通事故发生后,由于事故车辆占用车道,使得车辆通行的车道数目减少,道路的通行能力降低,造成排队和交通拥堵,对交通运行产生一定的影响.以双向6车道的城市道路为例,运用Vissim仿真软件模拟交通事故下的交通运行,分析车流量、占道类型、事故持续时间以及借道超车4种因素下的交通影响.结果表明,流量越大、事故持续时间越...     

An analysis of motorcyclists' injury severities in work-zone crashes with unobserved heterogeneity

Work-zone related crashes in Florida are increasing steadily in recent years. With such growing concern, work-zone is recognized in Florida Strategic Highway Safety Plan. The severity and complexity of motorcycle crashes in work-zones is critically important and worth investigating. However, the resulting effect of work-zone on motorcyclists' injuries in work-zone crashes is not fully understood. The purpose of study is to identify the contributing factors of motorcyclists' injury severity sustained in the work-zone crashes in Florida. Recognizing the relatively higher risk of motorcyclists in work-zones with respective to non-work-zones, this study further uncovers the contributing factors for single- and multi-vehicle motorcycle crashes in Florida work-zones. This study investigated motorcyclists' injury severity applying random parameter multinomial logit with possible heterogeneity in means and variances of the random parameters for single-motorcycle and multi-vehicle motorcycle crashes. This study utilizes the Crash Analysis Reporting (CAR) system in Florida over a period of five years from 2012 to 2016 (inclusive). The model result indicates a complex relationship between dark condition, old-aged motorcyclist (50–65), requirement and absence of endorsement, partial ejection, straight roadway segment, shoulder width (up to 1.22 m (4 ft), and 2.74–3.66 m (9–12 ft), urban interstate, activity area, and lane closure and work on shoulder-median work-zone types. The effect of work-zone on single-motorcycle crashes tends to have much more in resulting injury severities relative to multi-vehicle motorcycle crashes. It is more important to investigate the injury severity by single- and multi-vehicle crashes involving motorcycles in work-zones. These risk factors identified in the study are expected to provide more insights for the countermeasures specific to engineering (roadway design) and policy (motorcycle training), which can be considered to improve motorcycle safety in Florida.     

Empirical analysis of hazard perception and driving behaviors among high school and college students on motorcycles in Phnom Penh,Cambodia

In Cambodia, motorcycle use has spread rapidly in recent years, and serious accidents involving motorcycles have increased. Motorcycle accidents involving young people are particularly common, and there are various issues concerning traffic safety. To understand the situation in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, we conducted a questionnaire survey on driving attitude and behavior of motorcycle users targeted at high school and college students and a video observation survey of motorcycle driving conditions. Based on the survey analysis results, we held a traffic safety workshop (WS) comprising practical skills and classroom learning centered on hazard anticipation. In this study, we conducted a statistical comparative analysis of driving behavior frequency on non-intersection intervals of arterial roads before and after the WS, based on observational results from video cameras mounted on motorcycles. The results showed that the WS effects were associated with a reduction in average travel speeds and changes in driving behavior, such as frequency of lane changing. Different responses to the WS were observed according to attributes, and thus, the relationship between the content of this kind of traffic safety WS and behavioral changes needs to be clarified and a more advanced traffic safety WS program developed.     

酒後駕車行為風險及安全研究

結合2005-2008之交通事故資料庫以敘述性統計進行交通事故特性分析與事故嚴重程度。以羅吉特模式找出達到顯著水準之酒後駕車影響因素,根據其各種危險因素,利用設定不同變數下發生條件的不同,發現酒精的質量濃度超過0.55mg/L、有使用保護裝置、車種為機車、道路型態為路段、光線以夜間有照明的情況下風險值為最高。     

Evaluation of risk factors for road accidents under mixed traffic: Case study on Indian highways

This paper presents an evaluation of risk factors for highway crashes under mixed traffic conditions. The basis of selecting study sites was abutting land use, roadway, and traffic characteristics. Accordingly, the study selected thirteen segments on the existing highway network in the state of West Bengal of India, covering a wide spectrum of such road attributes. A systematic investigation based on site-specific accident data to capture the highway sections' safety features revealed that the crash rate has steadily increased for years with traffic regardless of roadway category and conditions. A number of risk factors that affect road accidents were identified; they are mid-block access, pavement and shoulder conditions, vehicle involvement, time of day, and road configuration, i.e., two and multi-lane. The empirical observation indicates that the crash rate is relatively lower on multi-lane highways; however, the severity of any crash on such a road is relatively high. Notably, the crash frequencies on such roads are less during daylight hours due to the lane-based unidirectional traffic movement. This is quite the opposite during nighttime when drivers exhibit an inability to meet traffic contingencies, thereby increasing crash risk. The majority of crashes on two-lane highways are, on the other hand, due to unsafe driving manoeuvers. The study also observed that frequent mid-block accesses and poor shoulder conditions reduce scopes to rectify driving errors and increase crash risk as a consequence. The paper subsequently suggests proactive approaches to identify safety deficits at the time of planning and designing.     

高速公路左侧路肩设置必要性研究

尽管<公路工程技术标准>(JTG B01-2003)中规定八车道的高速公路应当设置2.5 m的左侧硬路肩,但国内几条刚刚改建完成的八车道高速公路中没有一条设置了左侧硬路肩,甚至没有宽于0.75 m的路缘带.研究运用可接受间隙理论计算了不同流量和车道数条件下车辆从最内侧车道穿插变道停驶到右侧路肩这一过程的概率和所需距离,并通过交通事故数据调研,分析了左侧路肩设置对提高交通安全的影响,从运行效率和交通安全两个方面定性和定量分析了左侧路肩设置的必要性.     

应用痕迹检验鉴定交通事故的方法及优化策略探究

现代社会经济背景下,我国构筑了更完善的交通网络,人们出行时往往都会使用各类交通工具(如:汽车、电动车等),然而频频发生的交通事故问题,对人们生命财产安全构成了巨大威胁。交通事故中,当事人的利益与处理工作存在密切联系,在鉴定交通事故时引入痕迹检验,在检验现场痕迹的基础上完成事故发生过程与结果的判断,能将必要的依据供于后续处理工作使用,由此为事故当事人提供利益方面的保障。本文在简单介绍交通事故痕迹检验及方法的基础上,论述了痕迹检验在交通事故鉴定中的具体应用及优化策略,并结合案例论证了应用的可行性,以供参考。     

道路交通事故信息采集技术及应用

随着社会经济的发展,当前我国购买和使用汽车的人数不断上升,而在有限的道路交通资源的情况下,交通拥堵以及交通事故发生的频率大大上升,而一旦发生交通事故,则需要对交通事故车辆及周围环境进行信息采集,对事故现场进行重建,进而还原事故产生的原因,进而对事故车辆的责任进行鉴定。近年来,为了更好地重建事故现场,分析相关事故产生的原因,对事故车辆进行责任鉴定以及采取措施减少事故发生的概率,如今在大部分地区已经使用了信息技术、监控技术以及人工智能技术等对交通事故信息进行采集。本文主要介绍了当前在交通事故信息采集过程中主要应用的三种技术类型,包括:基于摄影测量的技术、基于视频解算及分析的技术以及基于电子智能的技术。并分析了这些技术在交通事故信息数据库、交通事故分析重建、道路交通安全状况改善过程中的应用。