浅水条件下船舶通过船闸时的水动力性能数值研究

文章通过应用CFD方法数值模拟在浅水条件下通过船闸的船舶粘性绕流,对船舶通过船闸时的水动力性能进行了数值预报研究。通过UDF编程定义船舶的运动,使用动网格方法和滑移交界面技术进行船舶运动过程中的网格更新,计算作用在船体上的水动力,并由计算得到的水动力求得船体下沉和纵倾。为了验证所采用的数值方法,以一艘通过比利时泽布吕赫Pierre Vandamme船闸的船舶为例,在模型尺度下进行了计算,并将计算结果和佛兰德水利研究所的模型试验基准数据进行了比较。通过分析不同船速、偏心距和水深条件下的数值结果,给出了这些因素对船舶通过船闸时的水动力性能的影响。该文研究结果可为浅水条件下船舶通过船闸时的安全操纵和控制提供一定的指导。     

斜航条件下船舶水动力性能数值仿真

[目的]为了研究船舶在斜航条件下的粘性绕流场,为研究船舶操纵性提供相关依据,[方法]采用商用软件STRA-CCM+,选取SST k-ω湍流模型,对KVLCC2模型在不同漂角条件下的水动力性能、船体流场进行预报。观察船模在不同漂角下的压力分布情况,并对船底涡系脱落及船体表面约束流线进行观测。[结果]结果表明,数值模拟在预报船舶横向力和转艏力矩以及船身表面的压力分布时满足工程应用的要求。[结论]所得结论对研究船舶斜航条件下的流动分离现象具有一定的参考价值。     

船舶浅水水动力导数的数值计算

船舶浅水水动力导数对研究浅水中船舶操纵性有重要的意义.以“Mariner”船模为研究对象,采用Realiz-ablek-ε湍流模型来封闭RANS方程,运用SIMPLE算法,对两种水深的浅水定漂角、定舵角、纯艏摇试验进行了数值模拟.实现了浅水水动力导数的求取,并将计算结果与模型试验结果进行对比,验证了方法的有效性.     

浅水中会遇船舶水动力相互作用数值研究

浅水中邻近两船作相对运动产生的非定常水动力相互作用对于船舶的操纵性有重要影响.文章采用动网格技术,通过求解非定常RANS方程,选取RNG k-ε湍流模型,对两船在浅水中会遇的三维非定常粘性流场进行了数值模拟,计算了其水动力相互作用;通过将计算结果与试验数据进行对比,验证了文中方法的有效性.在此基础上,分析了船舶在整个会遇过程中的受力特性,指出了会遇过程中船舶容易失控和发生碰撞的阶段,并通过分别对不同的船间横向间距、水深、船速和船长情况下的船-船水动力相互作用进行计算和结果分析,得出了以上四种因素对船间水动力相互作用的影响规律.     

浅水中船舶水动力特性数值计算

本文对浅水中船舶水动力特性进行数值计算研究.采用RANS方程结合RNG K-ε两方程湍流模型,对一方形系数0.6的系列60船模在浅水中的阻力、升沉、纵倾和兴波进行数值计算,其中自由面采用VOF方法处理;计算中,水深Froude数范围0.6～1.8,包含了临界和超临界水深Froude数.数值计算得到的阻力、升沉和纵倾与模型试验结果及采用三维扩展Boussinesq方程的计算结果进行了比较分析,吻合较好,部分计算结果得到改进.     

船舶多自由度斜航运动水动力数值研究（英文）

计及多自由度运动的船舶斜航水动力预报对船舶航行安全具有重要意义。文章通过耦合求解船舶运动方程和雷诺平均N-S方程,并采用VOF方法和高精度自由面捕捉技术对作多自由度斜航运动船舶的粘性绕流场进行数值模拟。船舶动态平衡位置根据计算出的力和力矩来决定,得到包括升沉、纵倾和横倾在内的船舶浮态。文中采用的算例与爱荷华大学进行的模型试验相同,通过比较数值计算结果和试验值验证了该方法的有效性。对船模在受约束和自由运动两种状态下的船舶运动和流场进行模拟,通过比较分析船舶升沉、纵倾和横倾的影响。文中计算获得的详细流场细节特征,包括前体和舭部的涡以及船体表面上的压力,有助于理解船舶斜航运动浮态变化的机理。     

船舶水动力性能的数值优化集成系统研究

通过一艘船球首优化的算例,介绍了一种船舶水动力性能数值优化集成系统。可在船舶设计的初期阶段进行主尺度组合优化和船体曲面的优化。采用该优化集成系统,可有效缩短设计周期、大幅降低成本、效率大大提高。     

船舶螺旋桨水动力性能数值分析

为获取船舶螺旋桨的水动力性能,采用多参考系模型（Multi-moving Reference Frame,MRF）法,运用重正化群（Renormalization Group,RNG）k-ε湍流模型计算定常条件下的螺旋桨水动力性能,研究不同进速比与不同盘面比条件下的螺旋桨水动力性能,分析不同进速条件下的螺旋桨推力与扭矩等水动力参数变化特性。结果表明：随着进速比的增大,螺旋桨的推力与扭矩呈现下降趋势;在盘面比由0.45增大至0.55时,螺旋桨的推力与扭矩随着盘面比的增大而增大,但在盘面比由0.55增大至0.60时,螺旋桨的推力与扭矩减小。因此,在设计螺旋桨的过程中,需要考虑盘面比对螺旋桨水动力性能的影响。     

波浪中螺旋桨非定常水动力性能研究（英文）

The speed of a ship sailing in waves always slows down due to the decrease in efficiency of the propeller. So it is necessary and essential to analyze the unsteady hydrodynamic performance of propeller in waves. This paper is based on the numerical simulation and experimental research of hydrodynamics performance when the propeller is under wave conditions. Open-water propeller performance in calm water is calculated by commercial codes and the results are compared to experimental values to evaluate the accuracy of the numerical simulation method. The first-order Volume of Fluid(VOF) wave method in STAR CCM+ is utilized to simulate the three-dimensional numerical wave. According to the above prerequisite, the numerical calculation of hydrodynamic performance of the propeller under wave conditions is conducted, and the results reveal that both thrust and torque of the propeller under wave conditions reveal intense unsteady behavior. With the periodic variation of waves, ventilation, and even an effluent phenomenon appears on the propeller. Calculation results indicate, when ventilation or effluent appears, the numerical calculation model can capture the dynamic characteristics of the propeller accurately, thus providing a significant theory foundation forfurther studying the hydrodynamic performance of a propeller in waves.     

浅水中航行船舶的水动力系数

本文利用切片理论数值研究了浅水中前进船舶的水动力系数.为计及水深的影响,采用简单格林函数方法求解剖面水动力系数,提出了满足辐射条件的一种较方便的数值方法.计算了一数学船型的水动力系数,并与有关文献结果比较验证了数值方法的可行性.数值结果显示了水底效应对航行船舶水动力的影响,为进一步研究浅水航行船舶的耐波性提供了基础.     

三体船构型水动力性能试验研究（英文）

This paper presents experimental results on configuration hydrodynamics. Three models are used in the model tests, which are typical of hard, round, and soft chines. Although specific values are different, the influence patterns are similar in the three ship models. A set of different outrigger positions is investigated in calm water and regular waves. A variety of interesting phenomena are observed, among which the splash resistance is the dominant component for a trimaran at high speeds(with F...     

多排槽式防波堤的水动力性能（英文）

This study examines the hydrodynamic performance of multiple-row vertical slotted breakwaters. We developed a mathematical model based on an eigenfunction expansion method and a least squares technique for Stokes second-order waves. The numerical results obtained for limiting cases of double-row and triple-row walls are in good agreement with results of previous studies and experimental results. Comparisons with experimental measurements of the reflection, transmission, and dissipation coefficients(CR, CT, and CE) for double-row walls show that the proposed mathematical model adequately reproduces most of the important features. We found that for double-row walls, the CR increases with increasing wave number, kd, and with a decreasing permeable wall part, dm. The CT follows the opposite trend. The CE slowly increases with an increasing kd for lower kd values, reaches a maximum, and then decreases again. In addition, an increasing porosity of dm would significantly decrease the CR, while increasing the CT. At lower values of kd, a decreasing porosity increases the CE, but for high values of kd, a decreasing porosity reduces the CE. The numerical results indicate that, for triple-row walls, the effect of the arrangement of the chamber widths on hydrodynamic characteristics is not significant, except when kd0.5.Double-row slotted breakwaters may exhibit a good wave-absorbing performance at kd0.5, where by the horizontal wave force may be smaller than that of a single wall. On the other hand, the difference between double-row and triple-row vertical slotted breakwaters is marginal.     

静水中并行两船水动力干扰数值研究（英文）

为比较分析单船与两船并行航行的水动力差异,探讨静水中两船并行时漂角、船船相对位置对船体阻力、侧向力及摇首力矩的影响规律,文章基于RANS方程采用SST k-ω湍流模型,数值分析了某两船静水并行时船船相互作用。研究表明:不同漂角下两船中对中并行时,船体所受阻力均较单船航行时有所增大且受到指向两船中间的附加侧向力;当两船并行斜航的漂角相反时,同一船舶位于迎流侧较背流侧时船体受力存在一定差异;两船并行直航时,船船相对位置对船体受力有较大的影响,当两船纵向间距小于一倍船长时,船船相互作用较为显著,在不同横向间距下,船体受力随纵向间距的变化规律相同,在一定纵向间距下,船间横向间距越小船船相互作用越强。     

三维有限长旋转圆柱水动力性能的实验及数值分析（英文）

The hydrodynamic performance of a three-dimensional finite-length rotating cylinder is studied by means of a physical tank and numerical simulation. First, according to the identified influencing factors, a hydrodynamic performance test of the rotating cylinder was carried out in a circulating water tank. In order to explore the changing law of hydrodynamic performance with these factors, a particle image velocimetry device was used to monitor the flow field. Subsequently, a computational field dynamics numerical simulation method was used to simulate the flow field, followed by an analysis of the effects of speed ratio, Reynolds number, and aspect ratio on the flow field. The results show that the lift coefficient and drag coefficient of the cylinder increase first and then decrease with the increase of the rotational speed ratio. The trend of numerical simulation and experimental results is similar.     

拖式及双桨反向吊舱推进器水动力性能研究（英文）

The unsteady performance of drag and double reverse propeller podded propulsors in open water was numerically simulated using a computational fluid dynamics(CFD) method. A moving mesh method was used to more realistically simulate propulsor working conditions, and the thrust, torque, and lateral force coefficients of both propulsors were compared and analyzed. Forces acting on different parts of the propulsors along with the flow field distribution of steady and unsteady results at different advance coefficients were compared. Moreover, the change of the lateral force and the difference between the abovementioned two methods were mainly analyzed. It was shown that the thrust and torque results of both methods were similar, with the lateral force results having the highest deviation     

舵桨相互作用下现代船舶绕流数值研究（英文）

Reducing the fuel consumption of ships presents both economic and environmental gains. Although in the past decades,extensive studies were carried out on the flow around ship hull, it is still difficult to calculate the flow around the hull while considering propeller interaction. In this paper, the viscous flow around modern ship hulls is computed considering propeller action. In this analysis, the numerical investigation of flow around the ship is combined with propeller theory to simulate the hull-propeller interaction. Various longitudinal positions of the rudder are also analyzed to determine the effect of rudder position on propeller efficiency. First, a numerical study was performed around a bare hull using Shipflow computational fluid dynamics(CFD) code to determine free-surface wave elevation and resistance components.A zonal approach was applied to successively incorporate Bpotential flow solver^ in the region outside the boundary layer and wake, Bboundary layer solver^ in the thin boundary layer region near the ship hull, and BNavier-Stokes solver^in the wake region. Propeller open water characteristics were determined using an open-source MATLAB code Open Prop, which is based on the lifting line theory, for the moderately loaded propeller. The obtained open water test results were specified in the flow module of Shipflow for self-propulsion tests. The velocity field behind the ship was recalculated into an effective wake and given to the propeller code that calculates the propeller load. Once the load was known, it was transferred to the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) solver to simulate the propeller action. The interaction between the hull and propeller with different rudder positions was then predicted to improve the propulsive efficiency.     

近岸环境下船舶侧推器的水动力性能数值分析

对船舶在近岸环境下航行时侧推器的水动力性能进行数值模拟研究。建立艏艉侧推器与船体的整体模型,利用基于RANS方程求解的粘性流数值方法,采用MRF模型,计算不同航速下艏艉侧推器的性能参数、侧推器附近流场,以及船舶在近岸航行时的横向力与艏摇力矩。结果表明,近岸航行时侧推器的实际效能会因船速的变化而变化,船速的不断增加会使船舶与岸壁之间的吸引力超过侧推器的推力,从而导致碰撞。     

波能转换型浮式防波堤的水动力性能研究（英文）

The integration of wave energy converters(WECs) with floating breakwaters has become common recently due to the benefits of both cost-sharing and providing offshore power supply. In this study, based on viscous computational fluid dynamics(CFD) theory, we investigated the hydrodynamic performances of the floating box and Berkeley Wedge breakwaters, both of which can also serve as WECs. A numerical wave flume model is constructed using Star-CCM+software and applied to investigate the interaction between waves and wave energy converters while completing the verification of the convergence study of time and space steps. The effects of wave length on motion response and transmission coefficient of the floating box breakwater model are studied. Comparisons of our numerical results and published experimental data indicate that Star-CCM+ is very capable of accurately modeling the nonlinear wave interaction of floating structures, while the analytical potential theory overrates the results especially around the resonant frequency. Optimal damping can be readily predicted using potential flow theory and can then be verified by CFD numerical results. Next, we investigated the relationship between wave frequencies and various coefficients using the CFD model under optimal damping, including the motion response, transmission coefficient, reflection coefficient,dissipation coefficient, and wave energy conversion efficiency. We then compared the power generation efficiencies and wave dissipation performances of the floating box and Berkeley Wedge breakwaters. The results show that the power generation efficiency of the Berkeley Wedge breakwater is always much higher than that of the floating box breakwater. Besides, the wave dissipation performance of the Berkeley Wedge breakwater is much better than that of the floating box breakwater at lower frequency.