红土镍矿运输船倾覆的机理研究

红土镍矿是一种非常特殊的矿物质,在运输过程中,如果船舶遭遇风浪,或船舶本身长时间的振动,都会导致该矿石的表面液化。液化后的混合液体具有较强粘性,可以形成自由液面。为分析、解释运输该种货物船舶发生倾覆沉没的原因,此文采用数学建模的方法,对运输红土镍矿的船舶进行了模拟计算。得出的初步结论是粘性流体在舱内的运动与船舶的摇摆运动存在一个相位滞后关系,当船舶的横摇周期有利于相位滞后一个适当的位置时,粘性流体就无法返回到原来的位置,而是在船舶一侧继续堆积,形成越来越大的外力矩,使船舶最终倾覆沉没。     

滚装船的波浪稳定性数学建模和稳定性分析

滚装船具有重心高、稳定性差等特点,在波浪中航行时,会因为外界环境的变化产生大幅度的横摇.这种非线性的横摇很容易使得船舶发生倾覆,这对船舶的安全性是非常大的隐患.对船舶横摇运行不能按照传统的线性方式进行处理,以牛顿力学和刚体力学作为基础,将阻尼力矩和恢复力矩考虑在内,建立了船舶在波浪中运行的非线性运动方程,并对船舶受到波...     

基于尖点突变的船舶横摇倾覆研究

针对船舶在规则波中非线性横摇导致的倾覆现象,提出了采用突变理论进行分析的方法.在建模过程中,将船舶非线性横摇方程恢复力矩取到七次项,阻尼力矩取至三次项以便于推导.经数学变换,将船舶非线性横摇方程转化为尖点突变模型的形式.由理论分析,得出了当船舶倾覆时,其自然横摇频率与三次、五次、七次恢复力系数满足一定的函数关系.在忽略七次恢复力系数影响的情况下,得出了船舶自然横摇频率与三次、五次恢复力矩的关系式,并绘出了相应的曲面图.     

镍矿运输船沉没机理的数值模拟分析

近几年来,多条装运红土镍矿的船舶在南中国海倾覆沉没,引起业界的震惊。红土镍矿是一种非常特殊的矿物质,在运输过程中,如果船舶遭遇风浪,或船舶本身长时间的振动,都会导致该矿石的表面液化。液化后的混合液体具有较强粘性,可以形成自由液面。但由于现存的用于计算船舶自由液面的方法不适合于具有较大粘性的液体,因而无法解释运输该种货物船舶倾覆沉没的原因。所以,该文采用数学建模的方法,对运输红土镍矿的船舶进行了模拟计算。得出的结论是当流体的惯性力大于流体的粘性剪力时,粘性流体对船舶的作用力矩随时间的变化总趋势是逐渐增大。当流体产生的横向惯性力远大于流体的剪切阻力时,流体将会挣脱剪切阻力的束缚,迅速滑向船舶的一侧,使船舶的横稳性迅速消失,最终导致船舶很快倾覆沉没。     

建筑泥浆对运输船舶稳性的影响

为确保运输建筑泥浆船舶的安全,通过分析建筑泥浆的特性和运输船舶货舱特点,以代表性船舶为例,计算装载不同密度建筑泥浆的代表船舶在满载时自由液面对船舶稳性的影响和货物倾侧力矩对稳性的影响。结果表明:货物密度、货舱开口和舱口围、货舱水密纵舱壁等因素是影响船舶稳性的关键因素。建议:船舶稳性计算应反映出装载不同密度货物时船舶的稳性;提高船员责任意识和业务能力,强化船舶管理,必要时安装货物液面非均衡监控装置和报警装置;排水量过小的船舶不宜设置水密纵舱壁。     

随机横浪中船舶倾覆过程模拟与安全域计算

研讨了随机海浪中船舶非线性随机横摇运动倾覆过程和安全域问题.考虑非线性阻尼、非线性复原力矩和随机波浪,建立了随机横浪中船舶运动的随机非线性微分方程.考虑两参数海浪谱和不同的有义波高,计算随机波浪力矩,采用简谐加速度数值计算方法求解随机微分方程,进行了随机倾覆过程的数值模拟.考虑船舶运动的瞬时状态,发展了胞映射方法计算随机非线性横摇运动安全域的方法,并编制了计算机程序.模拟了一条渔船不同有义波高作用下横摇倾覆过程,考虑不同的初始条件及随机波浪参数,在初始值平面上采用胞映射法构造了渔船航行的安全域.波高较小时,安全域是一个连续的区域;随着有义波高增大,安全域面积减小并且不再连续,倾覆域和安全域相互包围.计算结果表明,船舶运动的瞬时状态对安全域具有重要影响,而且随机海浪中安全域具有随机特性.     

基于Matlab的船舶减摇水舱自动控制与仿真研究

稳定性是船舶航行质量的重要指标,远洋航行的船舶受到海风、海浪的影响,往往会发生横摇、振荡等运动。其中,横摇是指船舶在风浪作用力下产生的周期性摇摆运动,甚至会引起船舶发生倾覆等危险事故。因此,船舶工业领域投入了大量的物力、财力开发船舶的减摇装置,常见的减摇装置包括减摇鳍、减摇水舱等。减摇水舱依靠船舶横摇运动的能量使水舱内的水流动,产生的力矩可以有效地降低船舶横摇,具有结构简单、成本低、易于控制等优点,广泛应用于集装箱运输船、科学考察船等。本文针对船舶的减摇水舱,在仿真平台Matlab中研究了减摇水舱的自动控制系统,并进行了减摇水舱的结构优化设计和控制响应的仿真。本研究对改善船舶减摇水舱的自动化水平,提高结构强度有一定的指导意义。     

主动式减摇水舱控制系统在船舶模型设计的应用

稳定性是船舶能否正常运行的重要指标,船舶在日常工作时受海风、海浪等干扰作用力的影响,往往会发生横摇、垂荡等不规则运动,如果产生的运动幅度过大,很可能导致船舶倾覆等危险事故。因此,业内研究人员一直将船舶的减摇视为重点研究方向。主动式减摇水舱利用控制系统产生力矩,并抵消船舶发生横摇等运动的力矩,使船体保持稳定,具有结构简单、成本低等优点,广泛应用于各类大型舰船上。本文针对船舶的模型试验过程,开发了一种主动式减摇水舱控制系统,并介绍该控制系统的硬件组成和功能,在Matlab中进行了减摇特性试验。     

某散货船载运镍矿稳性分析

针对镍矿在运输过程中易液化,造成船舶发生危险甚至倾覆的问题。文章阐述了镍矿特性及易流态化货物完全液化后自由液面和货物移动对船舶稳性的影响,并通过实船数据计算出货物移动后稳性的变化。货物在液化后会形成横倾力矩,使稳性减小,甚至丧失。     

随机横浪中甲板上浪船舶的倾覆研究

应用相空间转移率,定量研究了随机海浪中甲板上浪船舶的倾覆,给出了甲板上浪对船舶抗倾覆能力的影响.综合考虑非线性阻尼、非线性恢复力矩和随机横浪激励,建立了无甲板上浪和有甲板上浪时船舶随机非线性横摇运动的一般方程.以一艘倾覆的拖网船为例,分别求解了无甲板上浪和有甲板上浪时,不同海况激励下船舶横摇的相对相空间转移率.以相空间转移率作为船舶稳性损失的度量,定量比较了两种情况下船舶的抗倾覆能力.研究表明,甲板上浪后,船舶在较低的海况下会产生较大的相对相空间转移率,甲板上浪严重降低船舶的抗倾覆能力,从理论上进一步揭示了甲板上浪船舶的倾覆机理.     

船载固体散货流态化数值分析

散货船装载的镍矿、铁矿在运输过程中会发生流态化,流态化导致货物流动性增强,从而降低船舶稳性。当船舶在波浪中航行时,货物的移动会产生一个额外的力矩,该力矩有可能导致船舶倾覆。基于离散元方法,对不同含水率的货物进行了静倾斜、休止角的数值模拟,在全尺度计算中给定了颗粒尺寸和时间步长的选取标准,并采用全尺度货舱模型分析了影响货物稳定性的关键参数。该数值分析方法可为固体散货海上运输过程中船舶稳性预测和安全隐患评估提供参考。     

A numerical study of the effects of the longitudinal baffle on nickel ore slurry sloshing in a prismatic cargo hold

The nickel ore slurry sloshing in a rolling partially loaded prismatic cargo hold with a longitudinal baffle is investigated. A numerical model based on the volume of fluid (VOF) method and the non-Newtonian Herschel-Bulkley and Bingham equations is proposed to study the dynamic behavior of nickel ore slurry sloshing. The numerical model is solved by using the finite volume approximations and the dynamic mesh technique is utilized to handle the cargo hold's motion. After taking grid and time step independence study, the numerical results are compared with experimental data. Comparisons show good agreement in the cases investigated. Further, the relationship between the moment amplitude induced on the hold boundary and the excitation frequency is checked numerically. The ratio of baffle height to the initial cargo depth has been changed in the range of 0.0 ≤ h_B/d ≤ 1.2. The variation of the sloshing-induced moment and the deformation of the free surface under different baffle heights have been obtained and discussed. To clearly understand the sloshing behavior of nickel ore slurry, the sloshing of liquid water has also been carried out. Meanwhile, the dynamic viscosity of the nickel ore slurry is monitored. The critical baffle height with regard to the sloshing-induced moment and the elevation difference of the free surface at two sides of the cargo hold has also been presented and discussed.     

浅液深和挡板影响下遭受横摇激励的晃荡问题数值研究（英文）

Sloshing is relevant in several applications like ship tanks,space and automotive industry and seiching in harbours.Due to the relationship between ship and sloshing motions and possibility of structural damage,it is important to represent this phenomenon accurately.This paper investigates sloshing at shallow liquid depths in a rectangular container using experiments and RANS simulations.Free and forced sloshing,with and without baffles,are studied at frequencies chosen specifically in proximity to the first mode natural frequency.The numerically calculated free surface elevation is in close agreement with observations from experiments.The upper limit of the resonance zone,sloshing under different filling depths and roll amplitudes and sloshing with one,two and four baffles are also investigated.The results show that the extent of the resonance zone is reduced for higher filling depth and roll amplitude.It is also found that the inclusion of baffles moves the frequency at which the maximum free surface elevation occurs,away from the fundamental frequency.Finally,a submerged baffle is found to dissipate more energy compared to a surface piercing baffle and that the effect of several submerged baffles is similar to that of a single submerged baffle.     

基于OpenFOAM的船舶与液舱流体晃荡在波浪中时域耦合运动的数值模拟

波浪中载液船舶运动激励舱内液体的晃荡,舱内液体晃荡产生的冲击力同时作用在舱壁上,进而影响船舶的运动姿态。波浪中船体水动力和时延函数是在势流理论范畴下采用切片法和脉冲响应函数方法计算获得的,液舱内液体非线性晃荡是基于粘性流理论实时计算模拟,两者耦合建立了波浪中载液船舶与液舱流体晃荡耦合的运动方程。论文基于开源CFD开发平台OpenFOAM,自主开发实现了船体运动与液舱晃荡的耦合计算程序,并进行了相应的数值模拟计算和验证工作。该方法完整地考虑了波浪、船体和液舱晃荡之间的耦合作用,并结合船体内外流场特点分别采用了势流和粘性流理论,具有较高的计算效率。通过数值模拟计算和模型实验研究表明,数值模拟计算能够清晰显现出液舱晃荡对船体全局运动影响,船体运动计算结果与模型实验结果吻合良好。     

基于ALE的矿粉货物液化晃荡问题并行数值模拟

含水量较高的矿粉货物在海上运输过程中易出现液化,形成自由表面并使晃荡现象加剧,严重威胁船舶运输安全。针对船载液化矿粉晃动和舱壁冲击问题,采用ALE有限元方法对其进行了细致建模和计算模拟,从三维角度考察了在船舱一定装载率和运动状态下液化矿粉的晃荡现象和特性;同时,借助不同仿真软件,对计算结果的合理性和准确性进行了相互比对和分析。模型求解借助了高性能计算资源,以解决问题求解时间长和多组计算工况带来的大规模计算需求;结合所建计算模型特点和流固耦合特性,研究了多核环境下两种不同区域分解策略和实现方式,通过并行计算性能数据比较分析,以探求更为合理的并行加速策略。     

LNG船液舱围护系统结构极限承载力研究

在船舶尺度和营运状态与传统条件发生很大变化的情况下,大型液化天然气船(LNG)液舱晃荡研究显得尤为重要。本文首先介绍了LNG船液舱围护系统的结构特点,然后以15.68万立方LNG船液舱围护系统结构为对象,采用非线性有限元方法计算其极限强度,并比较分析3种边界条件下的结果,最后用试验和解析公式验证本文方法是可行的,适用于工程设计。     

基于Level-set法的液舱液体晃荡数值模拟

船舶液舱中液体晃荡现象已引起人们的深刻关注,液体晃荡载荷与效应成为航行中载液船舶安全性评估的重要内容之一.该文基于Level-set法,对一矩形液舱的两种工况下舱内的液体晃荡进行了数值模拟.通过计算,得到了液面起伏和压强的时间历经,结果显示Level-set方法可有效地模拟液体晃荡问题.     

Long-term approach for assessment of sloshing loads in LNG carrier,part II: Grouping method

Assessing the sloshing loads has been a significant issue in designing the cargo containment system (CCS) of a liquefied natural gas carrier (LNGC). The sloshing problem contains numerous physical and technical uncertainties. The long-term approach has been suggested to reduce the possible uncertainties, but it has not been a feasible option owing to the incalculable number of experimental cases. Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering Co., Ltd., Hyundai Heavy Industry Co., Ltd., Samsung Heavy Industry Co., Ltd., Korean Register, and Seoul National University conducted extensive sloshing model tests for the 174 K S-LNGC. To consider the long-term approach, Part I describes the differences between short- and long-term approaches based on the guidelines of different classification societies. To address the significant number of experimental conditions required for the long-term approach, a grouping method is investigated (Part II). Although this grouping method is typically used in practical design, it has not been validated, and its applicability is yet to be determined. In Part II, the sea states are classified using 16 different grouping methods. The long-term exceedance probabilities and pressures are obtained individually and then compared with the results obtained from fully considering all sea states. After performing the general sloshing model test of the shipbuilding industry, the sloshing impact pressure of a liquefied natural gas cargo model is measured via 6DoF irregular simulations, where the upper section of the cargo hold structure is considered. Long-term pressures are locally and globally investigated and compared among 16 different sea states and all the sea states. Based on the results, the best grouping method is suggested for the long-term approach.     

Ship motion-sloshing interaction using a field method

Even in relatively calm waters, low amplitude wave-induced motions of an LNG carrier may induce large amplitude liquid sloshing inside the ship's partially filled tanks, and the interaction between ship motions and sloshing may affect the ship's seekeeping properties. A computational procedure, here referred to as the RANS-RANS method, was developed to account for this interaction, and this method was then employed to predict the free surface flow inside the tanks and the corresponding motions of the ship in regular head and beam waves. This method coupled a compressible VoF technique with a generic wave generation and absorption scheme to obtain wave-induced ship motions with and without considering the effects of sloshing in the ship's tanks. Systematic grid studies were performed to obtain a sufficiently fine grid needed to yield converging predictions. The resulting wave patterns, ship motions, and internal sloshing elevations were compared with results obtained from a computational method, here referred to as the RANS-BEM method, that relied on a boundary element method to obtain ship motions. This RANS-RANS method was validated against model test measurements.     

Long-term approach for assessment of sloshing loads in LNG carrier,Part I: Comparison of Short- and Long-term approaches

To assess the long-term sloshing loads of a liquefied natural gas carrier, Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering Co., Ltd., Hyundai Heavy Industry Co., Ltd, Samsung Heavy Industry Co., Ltd. (SHI), Korean Register, and Seoul National University conducted a series of joint industrial experiments using a six-degree-of-freedom irregular sloshing model test. SHI provides a 174 K S-LNGC and its cargo hold information. To consider the numerous test conditions of the long-term approach, the present study focuses on the upper regions of the cargo hold structure, and feasible operating scenarios are assumed. A total of 3870 h at a real scale are simulated based on 387 sailing conditions. Extensive experimental results of sloshing loads are analyzed based on different guidelines suggested by different maritime classification societies. Part I of this study provides an assessment of sloshing loads based on a comparison of short- and long-term approaches distinguished by the guidelines, and the possible reference values are presented. A practical solution for the long-term approach will be discussed in Part II.