Simulation of a powertrain system for the diesel hybrid electric bus

The plug-in hybrid electric bus (HEB) is designed to overcome the vulnerable driving range and performance limitations of a purely electric vehicle (EV) and have an improved fuel economy and lower exhaust emissions than those of a conventional bus and convention HEBs. The control strategy of the plug-in parallel HEB??s complicated connected propulsion system is one of the most significant factors for achieving a higher fuel economy and lower exhaust emissions than those of the HEV. The proposed powertrain control strategy has flexibility in adapting to the battery??s state of charge (SOC), exhaust emissions, classified driving patterns, driving conditions, and engine temperature. Simulation is required to model hybrid powertrain systems and test and develop powertrain control strategies for the plug-in parallel HEB. This paper describes the simulation analysis tools, powertrain components?? models and modifications, simulation procedure, and simulation results.     

基于Advisor的42V混合动力汽车动力系统建模与仿真

文章在介绍42V混合动力汽车动力系统结构的基础上,对其控制策略进行了选择,并对该动力系统的ISG、发动机、电池和变速器进行了选型和参数设计。利用Advisor软件,建立其仿真模型,在ECE-EUDC工况下得到其动力性、经济性及一些重要性能曲线,整个设计、建模和仿真基本达到预期设计目标。     

Motor control of input-split hybrid electric vehicles

A motor control strategy for an input-split hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is proposed. From a power characteristic analysis, it is found that the powertrain efficiency decreases for speed ratios at which power circulation occurs. Using dynamic models of an input-split HEV powertrain, a motor-generator control algorithm for obtaining high system efficiency is designed by inversion-based control. The performance of the control algorithm is evaluated by the simulator which is developed based on PSAT, and simulation results are compared with the test results. It is found that, even if the engine thermal efficiency is sacrificed by moving the engine operation point from the OOL for the control strategy, improved overall powertrain system efficiency can be achieved by the engine operation that gives a relatively high efficiency from the viewpoint of the overall powertrain efficiency. The control algorithm developed can be used in design of future electric vehicles.     

新型混合动力汽车动力切换动态过程分析

为对基于行星齿轮机构的新型混合动力系统由纯电动驱动切换至发动机驱动过程中的转矩波动进行研究,建立了新型混合动力传动系统的动力学模型,对动力切换过程进行了分析.提出了该过程的转矩协调控制策略,并通过仿真和台架试验进行了验证.结果表明,该转矩协调控制策略能有效减小纯电动驱动切换至发动机驱动过程中的转矩波动和对整车的冲击.     

单电机强混合动力电动车辆的动态协调控制

为减小或消除单电机式强混合动力电动车辆在纯电动模式与发动机驱动模式间切换时产生的动力系统冲击,提出了发动机起动过程的转矩协调控制策略和发动机退出过程的转矩补偿控制策略.转矩协调控制策略包括起动模式下的发动机起动阻力转矩补偿控制和调节模式下的发动机过冲转矩平衡控制,转矩补偿控制策略利用电机补偿发动机退出过程中动力系统转矩的变化.台架和实车试验结果表明了该动态协调控制策略可确保发动机的快速平稳起动和发动机退出时不产生动力系统冲击.     

并联式混合动力汽车模式切换控制策略研究

并联式混合动力汽车模式切换时离合器会介入传动系统,容易引起较明显的冲击感,是影响整车驾驶舒适性的主要因素。为此,提出了基于离合器双模糊和电机转矩协调的模式切换控制策略。首先建立混合动力汽车模式切换过程的动力学模型,以减小离合器滑磨功为目标,对模式切换时的离合器接合过程进行划分;其次,结合混合动力汽车模式切换的基本要求和驾驶意图,制定离合器双模糊控制策略,分别对滑摩阶段的接合时长和转矩同步阶段的压力变化率进行控制;然后以离合器滑磨功和整车冲击度为优化目标,采用二次型最优控制算法对滑摩阶段的接合压力进行优化,从而获取模式切换过程中离合器的最优接合压力轨迹;在此基础上,通过实时计算离合器传递转矩,根据电机转矩响应快的特点,制定电机转矩协调控制策略;最后,基于某混合动力试验样车,在底盘测功机上分别进行缓加速、中等加速和急加速下的模式切换试验,对所提出的控制策略进行验证。试验结果表明：该策略能较好地反映驾驶人驾驶意图,保证离合器的使用寿命,所产生的整车冲击度均处于合理范围之内,改善了整车模式切换过程中的驾驶舒适性。     

基于补偿滑模控制的混合动力汽车协调控制

由于行星排功率分流式混合动力汽车的结构优势,双行星排功率分流式混合动力汽车已经成为各机构的研究重点。由纯电动模式到混合驱动模式切换的过程中存在发动机起动和发动机转矩引入,而发动机转矩瞬态响应存在迟滞,导致切换过程中动力系统的输出转矩会有较大波动。为减小波动,降低模式切换过程中的动态冲击度,本文中提出补偿滑模控制方法,对双行星排功率分流式混合动力汽车模式切换进行协调控制。首先,建立整车动力学模型,对切换过程每个模式进行分析;之后,针对发动机拖转阶段和混合驱动阶段分别采用补偿控制和基于固定边界层的自适应滑模控制,并对滑模控制进行稳定性分析;最后,结合Matlab/Simulink软件平台进行仿真验证。仿真结果表明,补偿滑模协调控制策略能够有效地减小从纯电动到混合驱动模式切换过程中的转矩波动和冲击度。     

复合功率分流系统发动机起动H∞鲁棒优化控制

为改善复合功率分流混合动力系统纯电动至混合动力模式切换过程的车辆驾驶平顺性,同时确保在模型不确定和外部干扰条件下切换控制的鲁棒性,本文中提出了一种发动机起动H∞鲁棒控制策略。首先,建立复合功率分流混合动力系统动力学模型,并对纯电动至混合动力模式切换过程进行分析。其次,以车辆驾驶平顺性和发动机起动时间为优化指标,通过动态规划求解发动机最优拖转转速曲线。然后,考虑到输入轴阻尼参数摄动、驾驶员输入、道路负载、输出端转速的不确定性变化和发动机转速量测噪声的干扰,设计了发动机起动H∞鲁棒控制器。最后,通过离线仿真和台架试验对所提出的控制策略进行验证。结果表明,该策略能有效将冲击度降低至11.52 m/s^3以内,同时对模型不确定性和外部干扰有较强的抑制能力。     

电-气串联混合动力客车动力系统方案设计

基于对电-气串联混合动力客车运行目标驾驶循环的分析,对动力系统进行了方案设计。对混合动力系统的构型进行了设计,并基于城市公交驾驶循环对动力系统的主要零部件(发动机、发电机、电动机、蓄电池)进行选型计算。建立了整车仿真模型,对整车零部件的选型结果进行了仿真验证。仿真结果表明,所设计的动力系统方案可以满足整车动力性和经济性要求。     

Economic value and utility of a powertrain system for a plug-in parallel diesel hybrid electric bus

This research is the first to develop a design for a powertain system of a plug-in parallel diesel hybrid electric bus equipped with a continuously variable transmission (CVT) and presents a new design paradigm of the plug-in hybrid electric bus (HEB). The criteria and method for selecting and sizing powertrain components equipped in the plug-in HEB are presented. The plug-in HEB is designed to overcome the vulnerable limitations of driving range and performance of a purely electric vehicle (EV) and to improve fuel economy and exhaust emissions of conventional bus and conventional HEBs. The control strategy of the complicated connected propulsion system in the plug-in parallel HEB is one of the most significant factors in achieving higher fuel economy and lower exhaust emissions of the HEV. In this research, a new optimal control strategy concept is proposed against existing rule-based control strategies. The optimal powertrain control strategy is obtained through two steps of optimizations: tradeoff optimization for emission control and energy flow optimization based on the instantaneous optimization technique. The proposed powertrain control strategy has the flexibility to adapt to battery SOC, exhaust emission amount, classified driving pattern, driving condition, and engine temperature. The objective of the optimal control strategy is to optimize the fuel consumption, electricity use, and exhaust emissions proper to the performance targets. The proposed control strategy was simulated to prove its validity by using analysis simulation tool ADVISOR (advanced vehicle simulator).     

双状态无级变速车辆起步控制

通过发动机和液力变矩器台架试验，采用拟合的方法得到发动机及变矩器模型，建立了用变矩器作起步装置的双状态无级变速传动系统动力学模型，提出了串联式双状态无级变速车辆起步控制策略和液力变矩器锁止离合器闭锁解锁控制规律，并进行了计算机仿真。     

混合动力汽车整车控制器开发和试验研究

以ISG(起动机/发电机一体化)混合动力汽车为对象,对车辆转矩需求、发动机工作区优化和整车控制策略进行了分析,开发了基于MC9S12DP256的整车控制器硬软件系统,并进行了实车试验,实现了发动机起动、纯发动机驱动、混合驱动、驻车充电等多种工作模式,证明了该整车控制器功能设计的合理性和控制策略设计的有效性.     

Powertrain design and experiment research of a parallel hybrid electric vehicle

The powertrain of an ultra-capacitor-based parallel hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) was developed. Innovations, such as the engine management system, floating ISG (Integrated Starter and Generator), electronic-controlled double-clutch system and dual-driven air conditioning system were realized. Hybrid control strategies to improve the fuel economy and reduce emissions were analyzed briefly. In order to ensure the vehicle emission performance, the engine management system calibration was performed. The vehicle emission test was also conducted, showing that the vehicle emission satisfied the EURO III standard and has great potential for improvement. The hybrid start test was introduced in detail. We realized the hybrid function and start parameter optimization of the engine and ISG.     

P2混动自动变速器的离合器自适应控制

为了解决混合动力系统动力耦合的响应性和舒适性问题，建立混动离合器C0起动发动机过程和并联动力输出模式下的功率流模型。对C0起动发动机的控制过程进行仿真分析，针对C0的起动扭矩和电机的输出扭矩在时间和空间上的匹配问题，提出以换挡离合器的滑摩控制来进行缓冲的策略。为了实现稳定精确的发动机起动控制，消除各自的扭矩控制、液压系统特性的误差，提出C0离合器起动发动机的自适应控制和B1离合器滑摩自适应控制，以换挡离合器滑差和发动机转速的超调量为监控对象，对C0离合器各阶段压力控制参数进行自适应调整，以优化发动机起动过程。研究结果表明：通过换挡离合器的滑摩控制可以很好地解决C0离合器扭矩和电机扭矩的匹配问题，即使在换挡过程中对发动机起动也能保证良好的舒适性，并控制过程时间在1.5 s内；在整车试验过程中，通过对C0压力的自适应调整，发动机转速的超调和起动冲击问题均可以得到有效解决。     

Development of an auxiliary mode powertrain for hybrid electric scooter

This paper proposes a design and implementation of an auxiliary mode, hybrid electric scooter (HES) by means of more cost-effective way for improving scooter’s performance and efficiency. The HES is built in a parallel hybrid configuration with a 24V 370W auxiliary power electric motor, a 24V 20AH battery, and an electronically controlled fuel injection internal combustion engine (ICE) scooter. In contrast to hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), the issues concerning cost, volume, and reliability are even more rigorous when developing hybrid electric scooters (HESs). Therefore, the drive topology and control strategy used in HEV cannot be applied to HES directly. In order to hasten the developing phase and achieve the parametric tune-up of the HES component, a dynamic simulation model for the HES is developed here. Because the powertrain system is complex and nonlinear in nature, the simulation model utilizes mathematical models in tandem with accumulated experimental data. The method about the mathematical model construction, analysis and simulation of the hybrid powertrain used in a scooter are fully described. The efficacy of the model was verified experimentally on a scooter chassis dynamometer and the performance of the proposed hybrid powertrain is studied using the developed model under a representative urban driving cycle. Finally, Simulation and experimental results confirm the feasibility and prosperity of the proposed hybrid HES and indicate that the designed hybrid system can improve the fuel consumption rate up to 15% compared with the original scooter.     

单轴并联式混合动力总成的设计

设计完成了驱动电机与电控共轨柴油机结合而成的混合动力汽车动力总成,该总成用于单轴并联式混合动力汽车。驱动电机既是电驱动装置,又是起动、发电一体化系统(ISG),基于MC 68H9S12DP256B单片机,研制了该总成的控制系统,通过CAN总线实现了联合控制,以电池充放电平衡和发动机燃油经济性为基础,应用了一种模糊逻辑控制策略,实现了混合动力系统的扭矩分配与不同工作模式以及模式间的切换,该总成能够在所要求的工作模式下运转。     

用于混合动力控制的汽油机动态转矩建模仿真

针对混合动力系统能量管理及动力平稳传递控制策略开发的需要,以MATLAB/SIMULINK仿真软件为工具,建立了发动机平均值模型,模型能够根据发动机转速和节气门开度实时计算出发动机的稳态和动态转矩。在发动机动态试验台上验证了该模型,表明模型达到了需要的计算精度和实时性要求。对给定的转矩曲线进行动态跟随时发动机的节气门开度变化情况进行了仿真分析。模型可用于混合动力控制策略开发中的仿真及在线转矩估计,为并联式混合动力系统能量分配和动态协调控制中的发动机转矩反馈提供了基础。     

Development of a control strategy based on the transmission efficiency with mechanical loss for a dual mode power split-type hybrid electric vehicle

In this study, a control strategy for a dual mode power split-type hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is developed based on the powertrain efficiency. To evaluate the transmission characteristics of the dual mode power split transmission (PST), a mechanical loss model of the transmission (TM loss) is constructed. The transmission efficiency, including the TM loss, is evaluated for the dual mode PST. Two control strategies for the dual mode PST are proposed. An optimal operation line (OOL) control strategy is developed to maintain a high engine thermal efficiency by controlling the engine operation point on the OOL. A speed ratio (SR) control strategy is proposed to obtain a greater transmission efficiency by shifting the engine operation point when the dual mode PST operates near the mechanical points. Using the TM loss and the proposed control strategies, a vehicle performance simulation is conducted to evaluate the performance of the two control strategies for dual mode PST. The simulation results demonstrate that, for the SR control strategy, the engine efficiency decreases because the engine operates beyond the OOL. However, the transmission efficiency of the dual mode PST increases because the PST operates near the mechanical point where the PST shows the greatest transmission efficiency. Consequently, the fuel economy of the SR control strategy is improved by 3.8% compared with the OOL control strategy.     

燃料电池轿车动力系统建模与仿真研究

能源短缺和环保问题促使人们开发低污染的替代能源汽车,燃料电池汽车作为一种可行方案已成为目前汽车领域的研究热点之一。从能量转换方式和系统结构来看,燃料电池轿车动力系统同传统内燃机汽车有着本质的区别,其动态特性也有着完全不同的内容。现代控制理论认为建立系统动态数     

P2结构混合动力系统协同控制

为了提高混合动力各系统的控制效率和响应性,针对P2结构混合动力系统控制对象的特点和整车的功能需求,提出了P2结构混合动力控制系统的构架和所有有效的工作模式,并从整车运行工况和模式转换效率的角度总结了所有有效的工作模式转换真值矩阵。为了满足各节点单元的协同控制要求,提出了P2混合动力控制系统的协同控制构架,约束了各控制单元的主要功能和接口定义,并对多个控制单元之间的复合控制过程进行描述。分析了2种不同动力源在液压控制的混合动力离合器的耦合过程以及混合动力离合器与换挡离合器控制过程重叠时所带来的动力迟滞,对离合器的压力控制和发动机的启动过程时序进行了优化。在不同的控制阶段定义了关键的控制目标,建立发动机扭矩、电机扭矩、混合动力离合器控制压力三者之间的关联。结果表明：发动机、电机、变速器之间通过HCU的协同控制方法能够高效地完成混动工作模式之间的转换。整车试验验证了各系统的系统控制效果,整个模式转换过程的时间为1.5 s,换挡品质和动力响应性满足驾驶需求。