纯电动汽车永磁同步电机引起车内啸叫的分析及优化

纯电动汽车永磁同步电机是影响整车的NVH性能主要激励源之一,通过对驱动电机定子的分析与优化,能有效降低电机谐频激励,减小电机振动,从而提高整车NVH舒适性。文章以一款纯电动车型为例,重点讲述通过测试排查减速能量回收车内啸叫问题,确认驱动电机24阶、48阶激励通过结构和空气传递到车内,引起车内中高频啸叫声,最终优化驱动电机定子绕组得以改善,达到优化车内噪声的目的,为纯电动汽车NVH性能开发和优化提供参考与借鉴。     

Research on the sound metric of door-slamming sound based on leaky integration and wavelet decomposition

The evaluation of the sound quality of door-slamming has become one of the important issues in vehicle noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) analysis. For the sound quality evaluation of door-slamming, a new sound metric, named as sound metric based on critical band wavelet decomposition (SMCBWD), is developed. In the new sound metric, the sound signals of door-slamming are sampled and the signal component of the door-slamming sound which has the great influence on the quality of door-slamming is extracted by using the leaky integration method. The extracted signal component is then decomposed by wavelets based on the critical bands and the coefficients of wavelet decomposition are calculated. Based on the energy of the frequency weighted wavelet decomposition coefficients, the new sound metric, SMCBWD, is calculated. In order to verify the effectiveness of SMCBWD, the correlation coefficients between the new sound metric and the subjective sound quality performance value of door-slamming, as well as between the traditional sound metrics (loudness, sharpness) and the subjective sound quality performance value of door-slamming have been calculated, respectively. The results show that the new sound metric developed in this paper has the higher correlations with the subjective sound quality performance value when compared with the traditional sound metric of loudness and sharpness. Thus, SMCBWD can be used to evaluate the sound quality of door-slamming more accurately.     

Development of a new sound metric for impact sound in a passenger car using the wavelet transform

Vehicles can experience impacts due to harsh road conditions. Contact with an uneven road surface causes vehicles to vibrate, which generates a loud impact sound. The attenuation of such noise is important because car passengers may complain about the impact noise. However, perfect removal of impact noise is not possible because most of it is caused by external conditions. More research is needed on the objective attributes of impact noise; however, the problem of impact noise is not a simple matter because impact noise is transient in nature and reaches a high level instantaneously. In this paper, a new objective attribute of impact noise is designed using the wavelet transform, which is appropriate for analyzing nonstationary signals, such as an impact signal. The usefulness of the new objective attribute, which is a sound metric, is examined by comparing the mean subjective ratings for real impact noise in passenger cars. The new sound metric has better correlation with the mean subjective rating than currently existing sound metrics.     

降低车内噪声的声学包优化研究

针对某车车内噪声偏大的问题,对整车声学包进行了材料与声学性能方面的优化,并对优化后的零部件声学性能进行了对比测试,同时通过对整车车内声压级和语言清晰度进行了对比测试,测试结果表明,声压级降低了2dB(A)左右,语言清晰度提升了大约10%,达到了车内降噪的目的,提升了客户满意度。     

Application of a sound insulation panel with ventilation holes to the engine under-cover

Reducing engine noise is one of the most important issues in lowering vehicle exterior noise. An engine under-cover is one effective measure for reducing engine noise. However, the size of the under-cover is limited by the need to ensure sufficient engine cooling performance. To solve this problem, a new sound insulation panel with ventilation holes was developed and applied to the engine under-cover. The panel accomplishes sound insulation by controlling the acoustic anti-resonance of sound waves transmitted through the ventilation holes. This paper describes guidelines for applying the panel to the engine under-cover from the viewpoints of acoustics and fluid dynamics.     

人车碰撞风险识别及智能车辆控制系统

为了减少道路行人与车辆碰撞,智能辅助驾驶系统采用行人检测与预警方式提醒驾驶人,从而降低人车碰撞风险.但在驾驶人意识模糊时,这种方式存在一定的不可靠性.以行人检测和碰撞风险预警为基础,基于车辆动力学模型提出一种智能车辆制动控制系统.在该系统中,通过视频传感器和图像的方向梯度直方图(HOG)特征,结合SVM识别算法,在大量图像样本量的前提下对行人进行目标识别与跟踪;运用碰撞风险识别与预警算法对最危险目标碰撞态势进行实时判断;采用车辆动力学模型开发的车速分级控制器实现车辆速度的自适应控制,实现不同风险状态下的车速智能控制.实车实验结果表明,基于该方法开发的系统能够快速并精准地检测行人,动态情况下行人识别准确率达到89%;基于风险预警判断进行车辆安全平稳的紧急制动,实现危险碰撞态势下的辅助操作,从而降低车辆与行人之间的碰撞概率.     

不同干预方式下右转车辆避让行人效果研究

为探究车辆右转过程中不同干预方式对驾驶人未规避行人行为的改善情况,设计听觉警示、触觉警示、形式惩罚、利益惩罚和道德惩罚5种干预方式,分为控制组、警示组和惩罚组,试验基于眼动仪和模拟驾驶仪展开。定义注视次数、注视点分布信息熵、平均注视时间、视线转移路径、区域关注概率和瞳孔面积6项指标表征驾驶人眼动特性,提取制动踏板深度比例、行车速度2项指标反映车辆运行状态。经方差分析确定各干预方式差异的显著性水平,从注视特性指标、扫视特性指标、瞳孔面积指标、驾驶人制动指标和机动车制动指标5个方面分析不同干预下驾驶人视觉及操纵响应特征,并收集被试反馈的追踪问卷。试验结果表明：不同干预方式对右转车辆未避让行人均有规范作用,各组干预效果由强到弱依次为利益惩罚、道德惩罚、形式惩罚、触觉警示和听觉警示。利益惩罚性主动干预效果优势显著,注视点分布信息熵最高为0.74,右侧平均注视次数为6次,平均注视时间增加至13.25 s,驾驶人对右侧注视概率增加至0.403,瞳孔面积明显增大,制动踏板深度比例维持在0.8,右转车速下降至20 km·h^-1以下,谨慎驾驶程度和避让行人意识均有提升。一致性追踪问卷调查表明,结束试验时32%的驾驶人对利益惩罚印象深刻,驾驶人对其主观认可度高达83%,具有较强的推广性;该干预方式可帮助驾驶人规范驾驶行为,树立避让行人的安全驾驶意识。     

基于心理安全距离的行人风险评价及预警算法研究

为实现在机非混行的交通环境下,对动态、随机弱势道路使用者的准确风险评估,基于行车安全场理论提出了考虑行人心理安全距离的碰撞行人风险评价模型.首先通过考虑行驶车辆是否会危及行人的心理安全,提出了心理安全距离的概念,包括心理安全通行距离和心理安全制动距离2个方面,并通过问卷调研挖掘其可能的影响因素进行数值分析;接着将心理安...     

基于声品质贡献因子的发动机悬置优化

本文中建立了GA-BP声品质预测模型,引入声品质贡献因子,以期通过传递路径分析更加直观地反映结构噪声传递路径对烦躁度的贡献情况和掩蔽效应对声品质的影响。采用两级优化方案,通过遗传算法确定与目标烦躁度值对应的目标传递函数,并进一步匹配悬置参数。结果表明,基于声品质贡献因子的发动机悬置优化方案可有效地改善车内声品质,降低结构路径对烦躁度的贡献量。     

电动汽车声源特性及数字化研究概述

分析了电动汽车主要噪声源特性.举例介绍了数字化分析技术在电动汽车主要噪声源分析方面的应用研究,为分析电动汽车声品质特性提供了合理参考.     

Safety benefits of integrated pedestrian protection systems

This study developed a methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of an integrated pedestrian protection system (IPPS) based on simulations. The proposed IPPS consists of active and passive vehicular systems for protecting pedestrians, including a pedestrian warning information system (PWIS), an active hood lift system (AHLS), and pedestrian airbag system (PAS). Two simulation methods were applied in the proposed methodology: a driving simulation and a finite element simulation. A driving simulator was used to obtain the change in collision speed, which is a key parameter for evaluating driving behavior when a PWIS is applied. In addition, a well-known simulator for finite element analysis, LSDYNA was used to simulate the impact of a pedestrian on a vehicle hood in a pedestrian-vehicle collision. The head injury criterion (HIC), which is an outcome of LS-DYNA simulations, is a major parameter for evaluating passive safety systems. The probability of pedestrian fatalities by collision speeds and HICs were estimated to quantify the safety benefits of an IPPS based on the statistical analyses. The results showed that an IPPS is capable of reducing pedestrian fatalities by approximately 90 % associated with jaywalking in the midblock and walking on the roadside. The findings of this study can be used to boost the development of various vehicular technologies for pedestrians. The results can be effectively used for policy making and deriving legislative requirements associated with advanced vehicular technologies for enhancing pedestrian safety.     

驾驶室隔声漏声的声压法测量

为了控制车内噪声,研究驾驶室的隔声效果则是必不可少的环节。本文介绍一种简单可行的评价驾驶室隔声漏声的测量方法,并结合实际给出了声压法在驾驶室隔声漏声测量中的应用实例。在没有声学试验室的情况下,该试验方法不失为一项行之有效的方法。     

Improvement of noise reduction performance by decreasing air-flow resistance ff sound insulation materials

Conventionally, sound insulation materials have been applied to control interior noise above 500 Hz, and damping materials to control interior noise below 500 Hz. In this paper, the acoustical materials for vehicle panels, which consists of damping materials and sound insulation materials, are investigated by using a two-degrees-of-freedom system.The investigation shows that sound insulation materials can become effective to reducing interior noise below 500 Hz byducin their stiffness. This stiffness depends on not only the spring of the material itself but also on the pneumatic spring which is determined by air-flow resistance.This paper concludes with applications of techniquws to reduce interior noise below 500 Hz by improving sound insulation materials.     

浅析新能源汽车的智能化趋势——喇叭智能系统的研究

针对基于现有的一种车辆通信技术和通过PLC控制器及其传感器等相互配合研究完成了一种喇叭内放智能控制系统,具体的操作分为两类模块,一种是车辆之间的内部模式,另一种是车与行人之间的外部模式.这种系统也可以降低在城市中由于喇叭声杂乱而产生的交通噪声,并减少噪声污染改善人们的出行环境,以此希望能够为汽车智能化发展提供一些建议和...     

汽车纵向行驶安全报警系统开发

在介绍现代汽车主动避撞系统的基础上，设计了一个汽车纵向行驶安全报警系统，研制了系统相关硬件及安全报警软件，在此基础上，通过实车试验对车头时距报警算法和驾驶员预估报警算法进行了比较分析，证明了所开发系统的有效性。     

某纯电动汽车用HVAC空调箱轰鸣声优化方案研究

声品质作为体现整车舒适性的一个重要指标,越来越受到人们的重视。本文针对某纯电动汽车用空调箱轰鸣声产生的机理进行了系统的分析。通过CFD仿真分析、半消音室近场测量验证、主观评价等,确定空调箱内部流道产生涡流是引起轰鸣声的主要原因。通过空调箱内部流场优化,使空调箱轰鸣声得到改善,提高了空调箱的声品质。试验验证及主观评价结果表明,此轰鸣声优化方案效果良好,具有重要的参考与指导价值。     

Plug-in混合动力汽车动力总成优化设计研究

应用PSAT前向仿真软件,建立了双离合器式并联PHEV仿真模型.在确定了PHEV整车性能约束条件并对动力总成主要部件进行了成本分析之后,对不同伞电力续驶哩程和动力电池类型的PHEV动力总成进行了优化.结果表明:动力电池设计容量对整车成本影响最大,而它主要取决于所要求的全电力续驶里程;随着所要求的全电力续驶里程的增大,所需电机最大输出功率升高,而发动机最大输出功率则降低.     

载货汽车车内噪声的控制

介绍了汽车车内噪声的评价指标和CA1091K2L2型汽车噪声控制的研究成果。车内噪声的控制，应首先考虑抑制发动机的辐射噪声。在驾驶室密封好的前题下，应对透声严重的驾驶室围板和底板采取隔声措施，使车内噪声降到最低程度，然后再考虑吸声材料的使用以及避免驾驶室空腔共振的措施。     

一种中型乘用汽车表面噪声的声强测试分析

依据声强测量的原理，研究了声强测量系统在汽车噪声控制中的应用问题。对某中型乘用汽车的车外辐射噪声进行了声强测量试验，并在此基础上对该车的主要噪声进行了识别和研究，为降低该型汽车的表面辐射噪声提供了有效的参考依据。     

汽车声品质主客观评价方法研究

阐述了汽车产品开发过程中声品质主观评价方法的不足,介绍了各心理声学参数的应用。以10种类型轿车在不同车速下不同位置座椅处的耳旁噪声为评价对象,对车内噪声品质用成对比较法进行了主观评价试验;分析计算了各噪声样本的主要心理声学客观参数;在精确计算评价结果误判率的基础上,通过相关分析和多元回归分析,建立了匀速车内噪声主观偏好性与心理声学参数间的数学模型。研究结果表明,与轿车匀速车内噪声品质相关的主要心理声学参量根据车速的不同而不尽相同。